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EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
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Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers
or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints.
FRIDAY, MAY 5, 1961 NIGHT EDITOR: SUSAN' FARRELL
RIGHT WING SURGE:
Kirk:Scholar of Conservatism
. University Autonomy
Threatened by Legislature
EVERY YEAR it comes closer. Last year, an
attempt by the Legislature to limit out-of-
state enrollment failed by only ten votes. This
year, an appropriations amendment which
would cut the University's out-of-state enroll-
ment by more than half barely failed passin
the House. The prospects for next year appear
incredibly grim.
At this point, the constitutionality of a legis-
latively enforced quota is very much in ques-
tion. The University's constitutional status
precludes legislative riders to any appropriation
bill which would "take. from the Board of
Regents any substantial part of the Board's
discretionary power over the operation or edu-
cational policy of the University."
But a constitutional convention is coming
this summer, and the threat of changing the
University's legal autonomy looms in the
distance., If the University's policies can be
directed by the Legislature, an out-of-state
student quota is almost sure to be adopted
sometime in the next few years.
THlELEGISLATORS seem to have fixed on
the out-of-state student limit as the answer
to a number of educational woes. Faced with
the prospect of huge numbers of Michigan
high school graduates beating at the doors of
the universities, faced with administrators
screaming about the obviously inadequate ap-
propriations, legislators have latched onto limi-
tation as a means of solving problems which
limitation cannot solve,
The legislators, aware of both the increasing
need and the increasing cost of quantity edu-
cation, are looking to the quota as an easy way
out. It is hard to agree that it is.
The financial problem is a strange one.
Nobody seems quite able to determine just how
much money a cut in out-of-state students
would gain-or lose. Certain legislators say that
the educate-our-own policy will save the state
money in the long run.
Others point out that the out-of-state stu-
dent's $750 per year tuition more than pays for
the cost of his education, and that the Univer-
sity actually makes a profit from tuition in the
first few years.
But financial advantage or no, they all seem
to feel that limitation is both necessary and in
the best interest of the youth of Michigan. It
is appalling to see how completely they agree-
Democrat and Republican, liberal and conserva-
tive-that limitation is in order. Conflicts seem
to be centering only on matters of form of
nance and legality.
IpHIS IS A SHORT-SIGHTED WAY to run
an educational system. What none of the
legislators seem to realize-or at least none
of them admit-is that by imposing a limit
on the number of out-of-state students the
University can accept, they are striking at the
roots of everything that makes this University
an outstanding institution.
The University of Michigan is almost alone
as a state-supported institution which can be
called "great." It is one of a tiny elite which
set the standards and lead the country in
higher education.
This position is not accidental. The Univer-
sity has a national reputation for excellence
because it is a truly national institution.
Ohio State, Illinois, and Indiana have all
attempted to give quantity education, no doubt
in the sincerest effort to educate the youth of
their respective states. But they have watered
down their education, narrowed their outlook,
and, to a certain extent, closed out the world
in this effort. Perhaps everyone who wants one,
gets a four-year; moderately' priced education.
But it is also a mediocre education.
THIS MUST NOT HAPPEN HERE. The Uni-
versity has spent almost 150 years building
up quality education-quality education in part
based on the principle that a cosmopolitan at-
mosphere and wide-open approach to learning
will produce the best scholars for Michigan
and for the countary. The University has great
strength because its roots are everywhere. To
cut off its national and international roots is to
forceably relegate it to the status of a provin-
cial college. To limit the out-of-state enroll-
ment is the flrst step towards debasing a great
university into a merely adequate institution.
Michigan must hang on to the cosmopolitan
nature of its universities, or close itself off
from the world, and give up its claim to educa-
tional excellence.
--FAITH WEINSTEIN
(EDITOR'S NOTE: This is the
final article in a two-part analysis
of the two exponents of liberalism
and conservatism in America who
recently participated in a debate
sponsored by Challenge. Today's
installment on Russell Kirk follows
yesterday's profile of his opponent,
Sen. Hubert Humphrey.)
By GLORIA BOWLES
Daily Staff Writer
WHEN THE New York Times
featured an article by the
politicians' spokesman for con-
servatism, Sen. Barry Goldwater,
the scholars' spokesman, Russell
Kirk, was recognized, too.
Goldwater and the Times con-
sidered Kirk prominent enough
to picture beside John Adams and
John C. Calhoun, among America's
most eloquent conservatives.
Kirk, a pudgy, bespectacled
traveler, lecturer and author, who
was born only fifteen miles from
Ann Arbor in Plymuoth, and now
makes his home in Mecosta, is
with the exception of Goldwater,
probably the greatest influence on
modern American conservatism.
HIS IS A more indirect-and
and less publicized role. Kirk's
influence on Goldwater's "Con-
science of a Conservative" through
his own books-"The Conservative
Mind" and "A Woman's Guide to
Conservatism" is not to be dis-
counted, nor is his regular cor-
respondence with the Senator from
Arizona.
Like Goldwater, Kirk sees a de-
cline in American liberalism and
an upsurge of conservative in-
terest, especially on America's
campuses.
Conservatism, as Kirk sees it,
is more than Lincoln's definition
of a "preference for the old and
tried over the new and untried,
and more than Ambrose Bierce's
characterization of a liberal as
one who "only wants to replace
old evils with new ones."
KIRK, in a more elaborate def-
inition of the political philosophy
which he espouses, traces con-
servative political .thought to Ed-
'mund'Burke and his French dis-
ciples who wanted to preserve the
best of the old to be combined with
the best of the new. Conservatism,
says Kirk, is not an ideology, but
rather a general mode of thought,
having four important elements:
1) A respect for what Burke
calls "the wisdom of our ances-
tors." We are draws standing up-
on their shoulders and unless we
recognize the autonomy of past
generations, say conservatives, we
may fall into the ditch of un-
reason. Tradition, custom, a belief
in the wisdom of the species and
what Chestertoncalled "the demo-
cracy of the. dead" are all part
and parcel of the conservative
mode of thought.
2) Alteration and improvement
are not identical. Progress may be
toward the edge of a cliff. This
idea is summed up in a favorite
conservative phrase: "When it is
not necessary to change, then it
is necessary not to change." So-
ciety is a delicate fabric, explained
Kirk, and if we bring in new evils
we may pull out athread."
3) Conservative thought is
strongly affected by Christian
doctrine. Most conservatives, but
not all of them, says Kirk, believe
in a providential order. It is pre-
sumptuous of us, reason conser-
vatives, to try to alter'the whole
nature of society and to act as
independent beings rather than as
part of a mortal essence. Besides,
man by nature is corrupt and the
power of society is not great
enough to entirely control that
corruption.
4)rA characteristic conservative
trait is pessimism about the li-
berial's hope for Utopia and his
seeking for perfect justice. Jus-
tice is to each his own, says Kirk,
and it is never easily attained.
The best we can hope for is a
tolerable balance of order, justice
and freedom; the conservative is
most concerned with the first.
LIBERALS TALK about ridding
the world of poverty, ignorance
and war. But conservatives, on
the other hand, assert that un-
happiness and discontent are gen-
eral to man and that as soon as
one rids society of certain evils,
new problems arise to take their
place. Man is not an angel and
society is not perfect. Kirk adds
that if human nature were trans-
figured, as some liberals would
have it, then humans would not
be human any more. Tf we didn't
have problems, says Kirk, we'd
be miscontent and bored and then
we'd try to establish inequality all
over again.
* * *
"I'VE BEEN SURPRISED at the
growing conservative vigor," says
Kirk, who in "The Conservative
Mind" only a few short years ago
expressed a concern for the decline
of conservatism.
His index to conservatism comes
in part with the number of speak-
ing invitations he receives. Such
invitations, primarily from stu-
dents, have risen rapidly in re-
cent months which "should in-
dicate there is something going
on."
He sees the new movement mani-
fested in campus groups like
Young Americans for Freedom
and in a tendency toward in-
creasing conservatism among
Young Republican clubs.
He also notes an interesting
shift to the right among students
who are Catholic, a minority im-
migrant group with aglong re-
cord of liberal leanings at the
polls. Kirk explains that a dread
of Communism, new-found pros-
perity and a love for tradition has
resulted in a Catholic move to-
ward conservatism.
KIRK HAS WATCHED the
Goldwater rise with a great deal
of interest. He greets the Senator
as "America's first spokesman for
conservativism in some years, and
the first successful conservative
leader in Many." Goldwater, say
Kirk, has more appeal and more
support than Robert Taft ever
had, and he shows some of the
qualities of the great British con-
servative Disraeli.
Goldwater's Jewish origin, his
flair and color and his Imagin-'
ation support the comparison. He,
is a man of action and reflection
who is giving to American con-
servatism, the same kind of leader-
ship that Disraeli gave to the
British says Kirk.
With Goldwater as its impetus,
"things are now shifting." There
is a switch in politicians vocabu-
lary from language of liberalism
to that of conservatism. Richard
Nixon was "proud" to call him-
self a conservative and Democrats
like Hubert, Humphrey of Min-
nesota avoid being called liberals.
* s s
MANY AMERICANS are now,
experiencing a conservative ten-
dency, arising in reaction to the
follies and, disasters- of our sage,
much as the French and the So-
viets revolted to problems of their
time.
People are facing the problem
of a new society, We are no longer
able to isolate ourselves, but must
take' a much broader view of the
destiny of nations. The conser-
vative movement is responding to
the needs of the age and Gold-
water, as its leader, senses that
need."
The present day revival of con-
servatives differs from the short
lived neo-conservatism of former,
times, says Kirk. This is a legacy
from the New Deal days. There is
a continuity in the movement and
its organizers. People who used to
just call themselves conservatives
are now becoming, conservatives in
their actions.
S* *
KIRK ALSO NOTES a second
difference in today's conserva-
tism, as seen in Goldwater's
speeches and writing. He predicts
the eventual merging of the best
of liberal and conservative philos-
ophies.
"The conservative movement,"'
concludes Russell Kirk, "is not
press-manufactureed. In fact, it
is quite possible that Goldwater
may obtain the Republican Presi-
dential nomination in 1964. He is
a more serious contender than the
press has thought."
And according to Kirk, the con-
servative movement in America
will provide more opposition than
liberals have heretofore reckoned.
MAY FESTIVAL:
Wagner, Nilsson-
Brilliant Opening
THE PHILADELPHIA ORCHESTRA last night opened the sixty-eighth
May Festival with what was certainly a highlight of the musical
season in Ann Arbor this year. Under maestro Ormandy, the all-Wagner
program served as ample proof of the validity of the group's annual
visits.
The program opened with the Overture to Die Meistersinger, and
demonstrated above all that this strong section has no equal as far as
richness and quantity of sound are concerned, at least in this country.
SOPRANO BIRGIT NILSSON joined the orchestra in Elsa's Traume,
from Lohengrin. Her crystal-clear voice rose above the sometimes thick
orchestration throughout the eve-
ning, and never was there the
slightest trace of forcing or harsh-
ness. That she is the foremost
Wagnerian soprano in this country
today is hardly questionable. Per-
haps more important than any
other factor, one gets the feeling
that Miss Nilsson is a fine, sensi-
tive artist who enjoys bringing her
voice to the public.
FOLLOWING intermission, the
orchestra pl a; e d two excerpts
from Gotterdammerung, Sieg-
fried's Death and Funeral March.
These selections reflected a good
deal more rehearsal preparation
than has been the case on some
occasions in the past.
Nowhere in the concert was there
stronger evidence of the fact that
here in this country we enjoy the
finest woodwind and brass playing
to be found anywhere in the world.
* * *
THE PROGRAM concluded with
Brunnhilde's Immolation and the
closing scene from Gotterdammer-
ung. Balance was quite well con-
trolled, letting the voice be heard
without losing the dynamic char-
acter of the orchestra. A voice like
Miss Nilsson's helps a good deal
in this respect.
This is one of the finest opening
concerts to be heard by this re-
viewer at any May Festival, and
certainly foretells of fine things
to come the rest of the week, with
the exception, of course, of the
Choral Union.
-John M. Christie
AT THE STATE:
It's 'Work'-
e . Literally,
PARAMOUNT PICTURES has
had seven years of good luck.
For that is the length of time they
have held a contract for the pro-
fessional services of one Miss
Shirley MacClaine.
In that time she has risen from
an unknown to become one of the
hottest box office and critically
acclaimed actresses in Hollywood.
But, alas, poor. Paramount-its
contract expires this year. What
will they do!
What they are doing is trying
to make hay while the sun still
shines by rushing as many Mac-
Claine pictures through the mill
as possible before the contract ex-
pires.
* * *
"ALL in a Night's Work," Sup-
posedly the title of the MacClane
opus currently in residence at the
State Theatre is actually, I fear,
a reference to the amount of time
it took to concoct the script.
A number of, writers are given
credit for what appears on the
screen, and it is not hard to ima-
gine what inspired these men to
such artistic heights.
It is a rather idiotic comedy,
fraught with complications, In-
rnuendoes and entendres. Miss Mac-
Claine works for a publishing
company. Her earring is found on
the floor of her boss's hotel room
and he is found smiling, but dead
(of a heart attack).
The business passes to the old
man's only heir, playboy Dean
Martin. The hotel house dectective
finds the earring, brings it to the
new boss and tells him to beware
of blackmail.
Then with Martin and his board
of directors as the sleuths and
Miss MacClaieas the suspected
blackmailer, the fun begins.
THERE'S only one trouble--it
really isn't fun. It's cliche-ridden
inocuous and fairly stupid.
Yes it was a long night's work
for the writers and it must have
been a desperate one too, for how
else could so many old lines and
situations return to haunt the
viewers?
It must have also been a long
night for actor Martin, judging
from the pained expression he
wears throughout. But thank
goodness for Shirley MacClaine--
she can help pull off anything, or
so it seems now.
There are a few good lines and
some good character acting, but
the general tone is one of strife;
actors versus script. And no won-
der, for the screenplay is written
by three men and is based on a
play and a story by two other
people-with that many cooks its
no surprise that things are
slightly chaotic.
-Harold Applebaum
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR:
The Function of a Newspaper
TODAY AND TOMORROW
The Reappraisal
By WALTER LIPPMANN
EVEN WI A CEASE-FIRE in Laos, our
prospects in Indo-China are bleak. The
best we can hope for now is that Prince Sou-
vanna Phouma, whose fall we engineered, will
return to power, presiding over a quasi-neu-
tralist government. This government will be
more heavily mortgaged to the Communists
than was his first government. In Laos, the
State Department gambled and lost on the
policy that a pro-American government based
on the American military presence could be
pushed right up against Communist China
and Communist Vietminh.
In South Vietnam, which adjoins Laos, the
government which we brought into power and
which we support, is in great peril. It still holds
the cities but it has -all but lost control of
the countryside to the Communist guerrillas.
Why is our friend and client, Ngo Dinh Diem,
losing this civil war? Stewart Alsop, writing
on Wednesday, has supplied the answer. Cit-
ing Mao-Tse-tung on guerrilla warfare, Mr. Al-
sop points out that guerrillas must have sup-
port from without-in this case from Commu-
nist Vietminh. Also, the great majority must
be convinced that the guerrillas will win. But
first of all, the guerrillas must have popular
support within the country.
Now the truth is, as so many correspondents
have reported, that our man is extremely un-
popular, his government being both reactionary
and corrupt. It follows that if we are going to
build up a resistance to the Communists, we
cannot do it by dropping in our paratroopers
and expecting them to win a guerrilla war. We
shall have first of all to reform drastically the
Vietnamese government which we support. For
unless we can support a popular government,
we are certain to lose in Vietnam.
WITH VARIATIONS, conditions in Laos and
South Vietnam exist elsewhere, and un-
less this situation can .be explained to our
people, the President faces a series of inglori-
ous and unpopular rearguard actions. Here he
can find the first answer to the famous ques-
tion in his inaugural address of what we can
do for our country. What we can do for our
country is first of all to give up being too
proud to go through that truly agonizing re-
appraisal which is needed so that we can see
the.realities.
This country has never yet had a leader who
has dared to explain candidly the consequences
Soviet Union with military bases extending from
Japan and South Korea through Southeast
and South Asia to the Middle East. We were
strong enough to order the Red Army out of
northern Iran, which is on the Soviet frontier.
We were able to thwart the blockade of West
Berlin by an airlift; These things were possi-
ble because we had military supremacy.
WHEN THE SOVIET UNION became a nu-
clear power, when our supremacy was re-
duced to parity, the wiser men of the West,
those with long memories and long experience
and long heads, realized that military outposts
could not be maintained on the frontiers of
the Communist world. Just as Cuba is not now,
and will never be allowed to become, a Soviet
military outpost, so in reverse forperipheral
positions like. Laos, South Vietnam, Quemoy
and Matsu, and some others.
The change. in the world balance of power
demanded a change in our policy. It demanded
that we scrap the policy of American satellite
states and promote instead a policy of neutral-
ism for the weak and vulnerable peripheral
states. That is the best, indeed that is the only,
hope of their not being engulfed by Commu-
nism. In some measure, the Kennedy adminis-
tration has recognized this truth-for example
in accepting the idea of neutral Laos. But the
President has never explained it to the coun-
try, and therefore he has no reliable public
opinion on which to lean. Furthermore, there
are strong bureaucratic interests in the State
Department, the CIA, and the Pentagon which
are as opposed to a change of policy by Presi-
dent Kennedy as were the French generals in
Algeria to a change by Gen. de Gaulle.
UNTIL THE COUNTRY understands that the
basic conception of our policy has to be
changed, Mr. Kennedy will be a harried man.
He will have a series of crises in which he has
to be on the defensive and'always trying to
see how little he can lose. Moreover, the ener-
gies of the country and his energies will be
dispersed, and the attention of the country and
his attention will be distracted from the great
tasks.
In Asia the great task is to consolidate the
key countries which are India, Pakistan, and
Japan.
In Latin America the future will be deter-
mined in the key countries-not in Cuba but
in Brazil, the Argentine, Chile, Venezuela, and
To the Editor:
AT WEDNESDAY'S MEETING
of S.G.C. James Yost, "62, ex-
pressed "grave concern over the
apparent trend towards irrespon-
sibility in news reporting and
editorial comment in the Daily."
THE FIRST CHARGE is that of
"irresponsible" reporting of the
news. We da not accept the idea
that a newspaper is obligated to
print all facts regardless of the
effect of their publication. It is
appropriate to expect a newspaper
to exercise good judgement con-
cerning what it prints. Yet con-
sider the only example offered of
poor judgement on the part of
the Daily: the Scheub report. Is
seems to us treat this is an ex-
the Daily has an obligation to
print. Why shouldn't the parents-
of incoming freshmen be 'nformed
about the quality of the quads?
We believe it the duty of the
Daily to print all facts, praise-
worthy or blameworthy, within the
limits of good judgement, relevant
to the University community. If
this example is representative of
the sort of facts Mr. Yost would
have the Daily judge unfit to
print and if the Daily were to
concur in' this judgement then
the Daily would indeed be irre-
sponsible.
THE SECOND CHARGE is that
of "irresponsible" editorializing--
irresponsible in the sense that edi-
torials have not been "calm, fair
and intelligent." Granted, Daily
editorials are not always dispas-
sionately stated. But we must dis-
agree with the claim that Daily
editorials are generally unintelli-
gent. As for fairness, when is an
editorial unfair? An editorial is
by its nature a statement of
opinion. An editorialist is unfair
whenhe seeks o -persuade his
readers to his opinion by deliber-
ately omitting or distorting facts
he knows to be relevant to the
issue. The Daily makes its editorial
position clear and we believe it
makes it within the bounds of
fairness. The only other basis for
Mr. Yost viewing Daily editorials
as unfair is that they express
opinion differing from his own.
We can only conclude that Mr.
Yost needs to inform himself on
the legitimate functions of a news-
paper.
-James Hudson, Grad
-Philo Washburn, Grad
-Wallace H. Wilson, Grad
-Henry Finney, Grad
Eley's Stands...
To the Editor:
IN RESPONSE to the editorial
on the local Democratic Par-
ty in the May 3 issue of the Daily,
we suggest that the writer inform
That time he was supported by
two Republicans, but the motion
passed over his dissent.
* " s
COUNCILMAN ELEY is a mem-
ber of a responsible opposition
party; he is not a self-appointed
obstructionist. In order to assure
division in the Council, should he
have voted against his own mo-
tion, approved by the Republicans,
to urge the Legislature to provide
an adequate budget for the Uni-
versity? We think not.
The writer also apparently in-
tended to imply that Mrs. Doro-
thee S. Pealy, chairman of the
Washtenaw County Constitutional
Convention Committee, had said
she wanted people to vote Repub-
lican.
THE NEWS on April 27 report-
ed the real position of Washtenaw
County Democrats. Mrs. Pealy's
committee. has been instructed to
draw up a platform that Demo-
cratic candidates will be asked to
support, and to recommend to the
County Committee preferred can-
didates among the Democrats who
may run in the primary. The News
quoted her as follows:.
"Democrats recognize their ob-
ligation to nominate and support
the best possible candidates for
these important posts."
Neither her position nor that of'
the County Committee has chang-
ed. Mrs. Pealy reiterated that po-
sition at the Citizenship Clearing
House Party Day meeting on the
campus last week.
FINALLY, if the writer can see
no ideological difference between
Democrats and Republicans, he
might examine the columns of
the News of a few months ago,
in which the local Democrotic and
Republican platforms were sum-
marized.
Councilman Eley has been in of-
fice for only a month, but he has
supported the Democratic platform
on which he ran, and he will con-
tinue to support it. So will the
Democratic Party of Ann Arbor
and Washtenaw County.
-Dean W.. Coston, Chairman,
Democratic Party of Washte-
naw County
-Gerhard L. Weinberg,
Chairman, Democratic Party
of Ann Arbor
(Letters to the Editor should be
limitedeto 300 words,typewritten
and double spaced. The Daily re-
serves the right to edit or withhold
any letter. Only signed letters will
be printed.)
"It's So Good To Get Away from the World Like This"
Burry.
Cwl~dwcater
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