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Seventy Years of Editorial. Freedom
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VOL. LXXI No. 103
ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 28, 1961
FIVE CENTS
EIGHT PAGE
Soldiers Employ
Terror in Cong
Congolese Attack UN Personnel
As Kasavubu Seeks Aid in Katanga
By The Associated Press
LEOPOLDVILLE-Congolese soldiers loosed a campaign of terror
against United Nations personnel yesterday in Leopoldville, already
imperiled by the advance of leftist rebels.
President Joseph Kasavubu and the United Nations command' in
the Congo exchanged threats of force. At the same time, Kasavubu's
government sought aid trom rebellious Katanga province against the
rebels now reported only 280 miles from Leopoldville.
In the midst of the tension, G. Mennen- Williams, 'Inited States'
assistant secretary of state for African affairs, arrived in Leopoldville
"on his African tour. He declined to
Rusk Ass Larger NonAtomic Forc
WSU Clubs
Join To Fight
a suspension
By The Associated Press
DETROiT-All three political
clubs at Wayne State University
have indicated that they will stick
together in fighting the recent
action of the supervisory com-
mittee suspending their recogni-
tion.
This stand came in spite, of a
statement by Acting Dean of Stu-
dents J. Don Marsh, a committee
member, that both the Young Re-
publicans anil the Young Demo-
cr,:Lats could regain recognition by
simply applying, although the In-
dependent Socialists would find it
impossible.
Petitions protesting the com-
mittee's action continued to be
circulated on the WSU campus
yesterday.
Sunday, the YD's state central
committee petitioned the WSU'
Board of Governors to "restore
their right of assembly without ad-
ditlonal harrassment and delay."
(The entire matter of the coin-
mittee's action is expected to be
discussed at the Student-Faculty
Council meeting tonight.)
Sides Agree
In, Fayette
SOMERVILLE, Tenn. (M' - A
compromise Saturday headed off a
legal fight Involving a + faction-
torn Negro civil rights organiza-
tion.
Attachment proceedings were
dropped when it was agreed that
tons of food and clothing held in
storage be distributed among
Fayette county sharecroppers im-
mediately.
Cars clogged the roads as truck-
loads of clothing and food sent to
the Fayette County Civic and Wel-
fare League by sympathizers in
the. North were given out near
"Tent City."
The league drew aid from groups
in Chicago, New fyork and other
Scities after charging that white
leaders were trying to starve Ne-
gro - voters out of the county.
Whites vigorously deny it.
Agreement Reached
Scott Franklin, head of one
league faction, said John Mc-
Ferren, leader of the other faction,
was reported still out of town but
that agreement was reached with
his lawyers.
League money on deposit at Ne-
gro banks in Memphis and Nash-
ville will remain frozen pending,
further negotiations, Franklin
added. He estimated it at more
than $2,000.,
Franklin was league president,
and McFerren was chairman when
the quarrel started. They fired
each other last Jan. 28 and since
'have formed separate leagues.
"M Argument Explained
"My argument all along was that
this money and stuff was given to
the people of Fayette county and
belongs to them," said Franklin.
"McFerren kept it stored in his
house, his barn, garage and a
couple other buildings. He had
people standing around in lines
twice a week to get aid."
Gain Approval
For Judgeships
WASHINGTON (P) - The Sen-
ate Judiciary Committee yester-
day approved creation of 69 more
federal judgeships, adding nine to
the list submitted by President
comment on the latest Congolese
developments.
Troops Rampage
Congolese soldiers, reported an-
gered because the UN command
Shas done nothing to stop rebel
leader Antoine Gizengas troops in
their march toward Leopoldville,
went on the rampage Monday
night and early yesterday.
UN headquarters sent a stiff note
1 to Kasavubu that such attacks
will not be tolerated and will be
resisted with full force. UN trucks,
armed with submachine guns,
rumbled through the capital, em-
phasizing that the command was
ready to use the force authorized
by .the Security Council last week
to keeppeace in the Congo.
Shortly thereafter, Kasavubu
called for a general mobilization
and in a radio address told each
Congolese army military com-
mander "to open fire if necessary
against anyone who opposes the
mission to which he is assigned."
Rebel Threat
His mobilization order, however,
appeared concerned primarily with
the rebel threat to-the province's
eastern frontier.
Meanwhile, Congo Premier Jo-
seph Ileo and President Albert
Kalonji of South Kasai's mineral
state arrived itii Elisabethville last
night for urgent talks with Katan-
ga officials.
Both came at the request of
President Moise Thombe of the
secessionist Katanga Province.
Tshombe wants all rival Congo
leaders to meet in Geneva next
month.
But diplomatic informants and
sources close to TsIqmbe said Ileo
came to seek mi" ,ary- aid from
Katanga to meet the menace of
Gizenga's army.,
Rajeshwar Dayal of India, UN
chief in the Congo, disclosed he
messaged Stanleyville "to take
immediate steps to stop these units
and return them to their original
bases." There was no indication
whether Stanleyville had replied,
Pay Teachers
Back Wages
In Louisiana'
BATON ROUGE ()-The Loui-
siana treasury came through with
two million dollars yesterday and
New Orleans teachers had a pay-
day.
Paychecks went to 3,500 public
school employes, including teach-
ers at William Frantz and Mc-
Donogh No. 19. The teachers at
the two schools - integrated by
federal court order Nov. 14-were
among the first to receive checks.
'Some employes received pay due
last November. Others had missed
the Feb. 17 payroll and a third
group had not beeh paid last Fri-
day.
The big money advance from the
state administration-still battling
to preserve public school segrega-
tion-was viewed as a compromise
to ease federal pressures.
Lt. Gov. C. C. Aycock, Speaker
of the House Thomas Jewell and
State Education Supt. Shelby M.
Jackson go before three federal
judges Friday. They face contempt
charges stemming from interfer-
ence with the operation of New
Orleans schools.
The state money finally reached
the teachers after the state ad-
vanced the money to the city of
New Orleans, which then turned
it over to the school board.
President Louis G. Riecke of the
Orleans Parish School Board said
"I think the legislators are begin-
ning to realize now as we have
realized after four years of fight-
ing in the courts that the govern-
ment is not going to brook any in-
terference with the operation of
New Orleans schools."
WASHINGTON (M)- Secretary
of State Dean Rusk has recom-
mended a big step-up in non-
atomic forces of America and its
allies in order to lessen the dan-
ger of a nuclear war.
Rusk's views were given to Sec-
retary of Defense Robert S. Mc-
Namara in a secret paper.
State Department Press Officer
Lincoln White, while declining to
specify what Rusk recommended,
last night denounced as "the
grossest distortion of the views of
the Department of State" one ver-
sion of the Rusk recommendations
which was published by the Wash-
ington Star yesterday.
Position Described
The Star described Rusk's po-
sition as this:
-1)Use of the big missiles and
bombers carrying atomic weapons
should be confined to deterrence
of attacks on this country and de-
terrence of 'nuclear blackmail.'
"2) Attacks on Europe should
be met with 'conventional,' non-
nuclear weapons unless the ene-
my started to use nuclear weap-
ons.
"3) Limited aggressions outside
Europe should be handled by our
troops, rather than those of our
allies, and we should use non-nu-
clear weapons in meeting such ag-
gression.d
Rusk favored retaining discre-
tion as to the place and time nu-
clear weapons might be used in
case of Red attack,
Policy Shift'
But in a shift away from the
"massive retaliation" policy once
enunciated by the late Secretary
of State John Foster Dulles, Rusk
sought a strengthening of con-
ventional forces to combat Com-
munist aggressions that might'be
staved off without unleashing
atomic destruction.
Rusk was said to have made his
recommendations shortly after he
took office for McNamara's use in
the Defense Department's broad
review of United States strategy.
McNamara's studies have been
completed and sent to the White
House.
Officials said there was no split
between the views of Rusk and
McNamara in this letter, and that
the heart of it is implicit in moves
already made by President John F.
Kennedy.
Deals with NATO
Rusk's paper dealt mainly with
the North Atlantic Treaty Organi-
zation and the forces involving
European allies, the core of the
United States global defense set-
up.
Officials who disputed the Star
story said:.h
1) No one has suggested that a
massive attack on Europe should
be met by conventional weapons
alone.
2) It has not been proposed that
Communist aggressions outside
Europe be fought by American
troops using conventional weap-
ons, instead of bytroops of the
country under attack.
Senate Democratic leader Mike
Mansfield (D-Mont) said Rusk
would be asked about his views at
a closed-door Senate foreign rela-
tions committee meeting today.
The session was scheduled before
reports of Rusk's paper were pub-
lished.
*
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*
*
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Polley
Predicts
'
Fund
'To
Arrive
Before
N
eLegislators
t See Defeat
*
*
Group Sends,
Corps Plans'
To Congress
An outline of the peace corps
proposed by President John F.
Kennedy was submitted to Con-
gress yesterday by a private re-
search group.
The study was ordered by Con-
gress last year. It was made by
Maurice L. Albertson, Pauline E.
Birky and Andrew E. Rice of the
Colorado State University Re-
search Foundation under a $10,000
appropriation.
Corps Endorsed
The report endorsed the peace
corps idea as "advisable and prac-
tical." The report made three
major points.
1) The basic idea of the pro-
gram should be to help under-
developed countries, and to im-
prove United States relations with
them by sending Americans to
work alongside their citizens.
2) The Americans should go not
as advisors, as most technical as-
sistants now do, but' as actual
workers on specific projects where
their skills are needed. They
should receive rminimal pay and
live under 'lo,'conditions.
3) The stuc., found support for
the peacencorps idea in ten Asian,
African and Latin-American coun-
tries it surveyed. The greatest need
was for teachers.
Supported by Shriver
The recommendations of the
Albertson group have the general
support of R. Sargent Shriver, Jr.
who has been selected by President
Kennedy, who is his brother-in-
law, to get the peace corps going.
The plan is to ask Congress for
legislation authorizing an inde-,
pendent agency to run the corps.
But Shriver and his aides think
that they can start some pilot pro-
jects before any legislation is pass-
ed. They belive that the mutual
Security Act leaves ample room
for a peace corps approach in its
provisions for technical assistance.
Sees Limited-Role
The Albertson report envisages
a limited governmental role in the
peace corps,
Instead, the governmental direc-
tors of the peace corps would work
through private organizations,
universities, foundations, other
Government agencies and even the
United Nations.
(Copyright 1961, The New York Times)
IN TWO DECISIONS:
Supreme Court Backs HUAC Righi
WASHINGTON (-) - The Su-
preme Court yesterday held the
Committee on Un-American Acti-
vities may investigate the danger
of overthrow of the government,
and said the Communist party is
so closely related to this that the
,committee may ask a witness
about past and present Commu-
nist party membership despite ob-
jections based on the First Amend-
ment.
In separate 5-4 decisions, the
Court upheld contempt of Con-
gress convictions of Carl1Braden
of Louisville, and Frank Wilkin-
son of Los Angeles.
Authority Challenged
In the case involving HUAC,
the two men challenged the au-
thority of a subcommittee 'of the
House committee to question them
during an investigation in Atlan-
ta, July 30, 1958, about Commu-
nist activity in the South.
In their appeals they relied
mainly upon the First Amendment
which guarantees freedom of
speech, press and assembly.
The four dissenters were Chief
Justice Earl Warren and Justices
William O. Douglas, Hugo L. Black
and William J. Brennan.
Justice Potter Stewart spoke for
the majority in both cases. He
cited the court's 5-4 decision of
June 8, 1959, in the case of Lloyd
Barneblatt, a former educator.
Wilkinson is field secretary for
the national committee to abolish
the House, Committee on Un-
American Activities. Braden is an
advocate of racial integration.
In one dissenting opinion in the
Dheny Chief's{
Life Sought:
HAVANA (P)-An army captain
was killed and a youth gravely,
wounded yesterday in a street
shooting believed at first to be;
an attempt to assassinate Cuba's{
economic czar Ernesto Guevara.
Authorities denied last night
that there was any attempt onl
the life of Guevara. He was sworn
in shortly after the incident as
the new minister of industry in
the regime of Premier Fidel Cas-
tro.
The slain officer was Capt. Hec-
tor Salinas.
Wilkinson case, Black said that
from now on anyone who takes a+
position contrary to that being'
urged by the committee runs the
risk of being jailed for contempt
"if he refuses to cooperate with;
this committee in its probe of his'
mind and associations, and of be-'
ing branded by his neighbors, em-
ployer, and erstwhile friends as a;
menace to society, regardless of
the outcome of that hearing."
Questions Positions of Editors
In another dissenting opinion in
which Warren and Black Joined,+
Douglas said that if Wilkinson
could be questioned concerning his
opposition to the committee, he
saw no reason why editors are im-
mune from questioning.,
"The list of editors will be long
as evident from the editorial pro-
test against the committee's acti-
vities, including its recent film,
'Operation ' Abolition'," Douglas
said.
In two other cases the high
court rejected anew contentions
that the First Amendment shields
witnesses from having to answer
questions of Congressional Com-
mnuist probers.
Of Pro0grai
Official Gives
For Swainsona
On State Cori
Hope
Plan
Advisors, Deans Aprove
Dress Recommendations
Alice Lloyd resident directors and Assistant Deans of Women'
Elsie Fuller and Catherina Bergeon approved recommendations for
changes in dress.regulations at a meeting with the Lloyd house
presidents last night.
The presidents proposed that residents be allowed to wear slacks
and bermuda shorts to breakfast every day.
The resolutions will be presented to the Lloyd Intradormitory
CouVil tonight. They will then be submitted to the resident direc-
tors for approval and sent to the
Dean of Women's Office. Befores
offering their proposed changes, n
the house presidents presented a
"philosophy of the dormitory",
which they believed served as aA
basis for their requests.
They said, standards for dress The Mary Markley snack bar
and behavior in the dormitory opened at 5 p.m. yesterday instead
should be based on respect for of its customary 8 a.m. and will
other dormitory residents and continue to do so until further no-
consideration for guests. A pleas- tice.
ant atmosphere and consideration There has been no official com-
should be the criteria for evaluat- met on the reasons for the
ing dress. change in hours.
Since there are 'no guests at Markley president Elizabeth
breakfast, except for the weekend,Nutg,'1sadheblvste
since many women have 8 a.m.Nutting, '61,tsaid she believes the
physical education classes, and snack bar has been closed during
since many girls who have no the day because the majority of
classes until later in the day wish the people who use it then are not
to study in shorts. or slacks, the' students or guests of students.
presidents believed they should be Miss Nutting favors the new
permitted to wear them to break- hours which she says "will not
fast. be a great imposition on anyone."
For Sunday night dinner, the Sallie Masserman, '63, Markley
presidents again requested slacks vice-president said she had been
or bermudas. They explained that told the snack bar was being
many residents have been study- closed because it couldn't support
ing in slacks all afternoon and itself during the day when only
that there are very few guests. Markley students used it.
By HARVEY MOLOTCH
State Controller Ira S. Polkc
predicted last night that fun
4for the, completion of three nte
University buildings already ur
der contract would le available
time to meet July 1 payment dea
lines.
University administrators ha
recently expressed "serious coi
cern" that state money eeded f
construction of the Institute'
Science and Technology, 41
Physics-Astronomy Bldg. and ci;
tinued renovation of the hospit
would be delayed by Gov. John J
Swainson's building 'corporatic
proposal.
Asks Corporation Expansion
Swainson has asked the Legh
lature to approve the expansion !
a state building corporation whic
would float a single bond issue I
raise $38.2 million for capital i
provement. The Joans would.
repaid by charging state agencl
rent for the new buildings the
would occupy.
Lyle M. Nelson, vice-presider
for University relations, warne
Friday that if the funds.came lat
contracts would have tobe te
negotiated at "nquestonabj
higher prices."
The State Controller said he d
"not understand" Nelson's appre
hension "for there is norgoc
reason to think that the Legb
lature will not authorize funds.
Legislatuire 'in Gear'
Polley indicated that the Legi
lature is now "in gear" to complel
all major legislation by mid-Ma
and thus allow the state adminls
tration to issue funds to the Un
versity "on or before July 1."
Swainson's building progran
which makes no provision for a
new University buildings oth
than those previously contracte
for, was defended,'by Polley -a
"the only practical way" tome
current state construction oblig
tions.
Although Polley expressed hoi
that the governor's request for tb
expansion of the state buildin
corporation would receive "care
ful" and "sympathetic" study b
the legislators, most Lansing ob
servers have predicted defeat foe
Swaason's plan.
Porter Speaks
"I don't think we want to creat
a building authority which charge
rent to the state to pay off re
venue bonds," Sen. Elmer R. Por
ter (R-Blissfield), appropriation
committee chairman, said.
Sen. Frank D. Beadle (R-S1
Clair) voiced opposition to an
bonding plan.
"Last year we were able to wor
out $19 million in capital outla
from, the general fund," he said
Sen. Lynne o. Francis (R-Mid
land), Senate floor leader, oppos
ed Swainson's program as "defii
spending" but added that "eco
nomic conditions are too under
tain now" for the Legislature t
increase University building fund
over the $6.5 million whih Swain
son has requested.
Center Plans
Union Study
The Michigan Union committe
studying conditions in the Unio
decided to engage the Survey Re
an'1c..4.. 4 - -h-
'U' Band Goes Sightseeing in Kremlin
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