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EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICIGAN
UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLCATIONS
Where Opinions A re . STUDENT PUBLIcArIoNs BLDG., ANN ARBOR, MicR., PHONE NO 2-3241
Truth Will Prevail"
Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers
or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints.
"Ask The Un-American Activities Committee To
Investigate What This Strange Flag
Is Doing Down Here"
AY', MAY 22, 1963
NIGHT EDITOR: KENNETH WINTER
Supreme Court Decision:
Milestone to Integration
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I ALAFMA
MONDAY'S DECISION by the Supreme Court
clearly-declaring that government can-
not enforce segregation-is a major milestone
in the long road toward integration. While the
court said nothing spectacularly new, its clear.
statement forbidding governmentally enforced'
segregation of any sort makes current de-
segration attempts easier and opens the path
for further integration attempts.
Yet it is only a milestone, not the end of
the road. While the court has definitively
stripped governmental, sanction of public se-
gregation, it has left privately enforced segre-
efinition
E RECENTLY-FORMULATED Definition
of Authority of the Assembly Association
is a clear, concise, important work. Praise
by Vice-President for Student Affairs James
A. Lewis confirms this.
The proposed document, which Maxine
Loomis and her committee of four drew up
over a ten-week period unambiguously defines
Assembly's position within the Office for Stu.
dent Affairs structure. This position has never
before been made in writing; the value of the
definition is it tells Assembly exactly where
it stands. d
The major change from present policy
provides Lewis with the right to veto any
legislation passed or decision made by any
Assembly group within two weeks. If he does
not act to veto by that time, the proposal
becomes law.. Fortunately, Lewis agrees that
this measure will facilitate Assembly's im-
plementation of its legislation and decisions.
THRE HAS BEEN some opposition by AHC
members to the provision in the definition
that "AHC is authorized to express the opinion
of the women in the residence halls on any
issue." There is no reason for fear, however,
because another measure provides that if the
opinion is of a political nature, it must go
back to the houses for an official house
mandate.
Misunderstanding is also the proble cause
for the objection by some to delegating to AHC
the power to approve changes in individual.
house constitutions. Miss Hager declares that
AHC is not interested in meddling in house
affairs but, as a body experienced in reading
and writing constitutions, it should study the
house documents for clarification.
THE ONLY serious objection one might have
to the proposed Definition of Authority is
the subservient attitude it assumes in its
relations with OSA. Parts of the document,
however, have been rewritten to clear up mis-
conceptions about Assembly appearing to be
a rubber stamp seconding anything OSA does.
Although Assembly certainly is subordinate to
OSA, it does have important responsibilities
to raise public objections to any seemingly un-
democratic treatment of independent women.
On the whole, the Assembly Definition of
Authority seems to be a valuable document
and one that should serve as a model for
other organizations to define their position
within the University structure.
-KAREN MARGOLIS
gation in public-serving institutions untouched,
waiting for future legal clarification. Hopefully,
the next step will be the removal of all sanc-
tions of segregation.
The decision does not depart from court
policy; it is a restatement and extension of
its current thinking. Justice William 0. Douglas
echoed the sentiment of the court, declaring,
"There is no constitutional way . . . in which
a state can license and supervise a business
serving the public, on the basis of apartheid
which is foreign to our Constitution."
A RULING on the use of trespass laws and
other subterfuges to keep privately-owned,
publicly-used facilities segregated had been
sidestepped until now. Previous court decisions
paired where it does not affect the public. The
laws to enforce segregation. The court has dealt
mainly with education and publicly-owned
facilities and most desegregation attempts had
been in these areas.
But the sit-in demonstration marked a shift
from these areas to privately-owned, publicly-
used facilities and a more intense drive to
integrate Southern life generally. Monday's
decision legitimized this attempt and gave it
new legal strength. It provided a strong peace-
ful weapon for Southern social change.
This effect can be immediately seen in Birm-
,-Ingham where the Rev. Martin Luther King
and other integration leaders decided to seek
legal remedies rather than massively demon-
strate against the expulsion of more than 1100
public. school students for participating in past
demonstrations.
Thesdecision will make it easier for Southern
businessmen to desegregate their facilities for
the court has clearly ruled thatsegregation
laws are illegal. Trhey now have the force of
law on their side in their battle with deep-
seated social, custom. Hopefully, the influence
of law will serve its traditional function and
mold new customs in the South.
Yet the private businessman, running firms
that seek business from the general public,
such as a lunch counter or a department store,
still may segregate. He may maintain the con-
tradiction of segregated facilities against a
public policy of integration. His job will be
harder for the government cannot help him
with trespass laws; but segregation is still
feasible.
SEGREGATION must be eliminated from
these vital institutions, yet the private man-
agement of his business should not be im-
paired where it does not effect the public. The
court has shied away from this difficult decision
and hopefully some new sit-in cases will force
it to devise a rule that will end all public
segregation.
Integration of all public facilities, whether
publicly owned or not, is in spirit the law of
the land. State action is easily controlled
through the "equal protection of the laws" and
"due process" clauses of the 14th Amendment.
Current interpretations put private action out-
side this sphere. Integrationists will either have
to force an extension of the Amendment or
look to another part of the Constitution.
When receiving new cases, the court should
not put private action outside of the integration
sphere. It is not the time to stop short.
-PHILLIP SUTIN
Acting National Concerns Editor
DRAMA SEASON:
Spirited 'Pal Joey'
AT LAST an uncensored, hot and brassy "Pal Joey," a far cry from
the tinsel and glitter Hollywood film recently here, has come
to Ann Arbor. The Drama Season production of the John O'Hara-
Rodgers and Hart musical is spirited and unabashed.
Best of all is the melodious jazz score so appropriate for a
musical se't in Chicago gangsterland of the '30's. Musical conductor
Bruce Fisher's breezy orchestration was most suitable: the pulsating
rhythm fit this lively sex-oriented story.
Although it is set in the late '30's, for the most part it is not
dated and it is easy to see why "Pal Joey" has been called the fore-
runner of American musical theatre.
The story of a fast talking man on the make is certainly not
the usual genre for the musical stage: nor are the.slice of life lyrics.
However, in the hands of the Drama Season it made for an enter-
taining evening.
FOR JUST ONE WEEK of rehearsals, last night's performance
at Lydia Mendelssohn Theatre was an effortless, smooth ensemble.
The -part of Joey originally calls for a singer-dancer-actor. Ben
Gerrard virbantly fits this bill in all departments. He has a very
pleasing voice, dances with energetic intensity and does not make
this conniving, self-centered, heel-of-a-hero obnoxious. He gets the
musical off to a rousing start with the opening number "You Mustn't
Kick It Around."
Julie Wilson as Vera Simpson, a wealthy socialite and Joey's
patroness, gives an excellent portrayal of a woman who, like Joey, is
on the prowl but who is a much wiser and stronger person. However,
she also makes Vera a charming person and sings the spicy, not
often heard lyrics to "Bewitched, Bothered and Bewildered" without
making them embarrassing for the audience.
Rodger's razz-a-ma-tazz score, Hart's snappy lyrics, O'Hara's
guttural comic story and the Drama's Season's bright production make
"Pal Joey" a most enjoyable evening.
-Richard Asch
To The E&itw
1
VENEZUELA TODAY:
Second Chance for Democracy
__- U
TE LIAISON
Barbara Lazarus, Acting Personnel Director
- .EI P
.: _
- - - - _- ! i r
By ROBERT SELWA
ONE OF the most significant
developments in Latin America
today is the emergence of demo-
cracy in Venezuela. "Little Venice"
is in the midst of its second era
of democracy; the firstrcame in
1945, following 134 years of tyr-
anny; that era did not last-but
it appears this one will.
To appreciate how unusual de-
mocracy is to Venezuela, an ob-
server should examine some of the
country's dictatorships. General
Cipriano Castro, ruler from 1899
to 1908, was despotic, reckless,
licentious and corrupt. His regime
was characterized by administra-
tive tyranny, inefficiency, graft,
extravagence, financial chaos, al-
most constant revolt and frequent
foreign interventions.
In 1908 Castro made the mis-
take of taking a trip outside the
country. He never made it back
in, for while he was gone, Gen-
eral Juan Vicente Gomez took
over, for good. Absolute power and
unlimited wealth were his chief
aims and values. He ran the coun-
try as the private preserve of his
own family and the army. His re-
gime was characterized by brutal-
ity, terror, torture, censorship and
the complete absence of civil lib-
erties.
**
WHEN GOMEZ DIED in 1935,
General Eleazar Lopez Contreras
took over. Like Gomez, he was
secretary of defense for the dicta-
tor he followed. Unlike Gomez, he
encouraged a little political liberty,
and he introduced some reforms.
He had to do so- the people were
in a rioting mood after decades of
heavy oppression. To keep order,
Contreras and his successor, Gen-
eral Isaias Medina, engineered re-
gimes that, while not as oppres-
sive as those of Castro and Gomez,
were nevertheless dictatorships.
In October, 1945, a military jun-
ta drove Medina into exile. The
junta was in league with Romulo
Betancourt, the leader of Accion
Democratica party. Bjetancourt
during World War II had traveled
throughout Venezuela crusading
for AD on a platform of electoral
reform, representative government,
administrative integrity, public
welfare measures and taxes upon
the foreign investors and wealthy
Venezuelans.
Betancourt took over the reins
of government in 1945 but did not
hold on to them. He held an elec-
tion which AD candidate Romulo
Gallegos, the novelist, won. This
was the first meaningfully demo-
cratic election in Venezuela's his-
tory, an election that was free,
direct and secret with all persons
over 18 entitled to vote, including
women (for the first time). Un-
fortunately Gallegos served only
one year of his five-year term; the
government fell in November, 1948,
Work
IT IS REASONABLE to free so-
ciety not to work at a job that
realizes our human powers and
to a new junta which ruled for
two years until its president,
Colonel Carlos Delgado Chalbaud,
was assassinated.
* * *
COLONEL Marcos Perez Jimenez
then emerged as the strong man.
He allowed an election to take
ROMULO BETANCOURT
... second hope
UNIVERSITIES "E supposedly the places
in our society where ideals can survive. In
3oth in the past and present to exalt the
he United States there has been a tendency
lollar above all else in life. This pervasive
naterialism and absence of goals and ideals
ave forced idealistic scholars and youth to
>and together in university communities and
ry to erect meaningful philosophyies for the
uture.
Yet unfortunately, even universities are suc-
umbing to the same pressures that exist in
oday's society and are sinking into the mire
Af materialism.
The University and other state institutions
rave been forced to prove their worth to
ociety by showing their practical aspects. The
niversity president has to become a money
rubber. He must cater to business interests
y placating them at endless dinners and
ecturing them on "what the university can
lo for you" subjects.
Nor is the university president allowed to
tand above petty politics. He- finds himself
orced to give demonstrations in the Legisla-
u,-e which prove that the University is turn-
ng out something besides educated, idealistic
ouths. A university's pure research must be
ustified by proving that practical scientific
.iscoveries for business and defense do come
orth from the ivory tower.
The public university president nust literally
is made to attend numerous banquets and
make endless speeches pointing out the useful
aspects of his university to its wealthy alumni
and their corporation associates. He also tries
to deny the ivory tower concept and convince
these people that colleges are practical and
useful.
The university president should be a symbol
of the institution he heads. Hopefully the
president is someone to whom students and
faculty can look with respect and confidence.
He should be the embodiment of all the ideals
that university holds sacred-ideals that are
usually the antithesis of society's materialism.
It is a disillusioning experience for a student
to see his president beg for money and partici-
pate in petty politics. A university is one of the
few places in the nation where worthwhile
values still cling and which should not be
sacrificing its values to suit the outside world.
To be realistic, one must ask who will get
the money if the president doesn't. Ideally
individuals, companies and legislatures should
realize that money is well spent when it is
put into educational institutions. This stage
has unfortunately not yet been reached. The
next best thing is to make the office of the
president the intellectual center and stimulus
for the campus. It should be divorced from its
money grubbing aspects and turned into some-
thing that expresses the highest values of the
educational community. If handshaking and
begging need to be done, they should be left
place in 1952, and when he saw
that he was losing to the Demo-
cratic Republican Union party's
candidate, he stopped the count-
ing of the ballots and declared
himself elected.
The new despotic regime was
as thorough and brutal as any
that Venezuela ever suffered. It
included torture and murder at a
concentration camp, abolition of
labor unions, removal from the
schools of independent-minded
teachers, jailing or exiling of news-
paper editors, barring from the
mails of critical foreign journals
and closing of the Central Univer-
sity at Caracas. Perez Jiminez
paid the army well and indulgently
courted its top officers.
He should have courted the
lower officers too, because they
were the ones who provided the
authority and power that, com-
bined with the anger of the people,
overthrew Perez Jiminez in 1958.
This victorious military junta was
led by Admiral Wolfgang Larraza-
bal, an honest and conscientious
ruler who arranged for free elec-
tions within months. In December,
1958, came the second free, demo-
cratic election in Venezuela's his-
tory. It was an orderly and honest
election in which Larrazabal, the
URD candidate, was edged out by
AD's Betancourt. Larrazabal ac-
cepted his own defeat and did all
he could to help Betancourt get
on with the assignment of re-
storing democracy to Venezuela.
BETANCOURT has lasted four
of the five years of him term and
all indications are that he will
make it-marking the first time in
Venezuelan history that a gov-
ernment whose power is based on
political democracy rather than
military oppression has lasted.
The Betancourt administration
has not been as democratic as it
mittee to investigate these charges
and the committee included people
who were making the charges.
Betancourt invited the committee
to go anywhere it wished to in-
vestigate. It did but found no
evidence of torture, according to
a recent report.
* * *
ON THE OTHER HAND, the
Betancourt government is not an
ideal democracy. It cannot be; it
is battling guerrillas from the left
and it has to maintain the support
of the army from the right. Betan-
court and whoever succeeds him
face a situation in which the
ruler, be he a democrat or a dic-
tator, has to cajole the weapon-
laden army. No ruler can cross it
too severely too often because it
has physical power as well as a
tradition of using it.
Thus, Betancourt has suspend-
ed constitutional guarantees on
occasion. One answer he has given
to disorder has been to round up
rebels and send them to penal
camps in the interior.
At least a mild sort of demo-
cracy has had a start in Venezuela.
It had a temporary start during
the 1940's, whetting the appetite
of the peasants so that it fared
far better in its second trial. It
has fared better because the great
majority thirst for it-social as
well as political democracy. Bet-
ancourt has given his people a
little to drink. They are still
thirsty, and that, too, is part of
the significant story of the devel-
opment of democracy in post-
World War II Venezuela.
ART SHOW:
Timid
Echoes
EVER SINCE World War II and
the economic stresses that forc-
ed Europe to shelve temporarily
culture and devote itself to ma-
terial reinforcement, this country
has taken the lead in the ameni-
ties that make life worth more
than just living.
Because this was a time of
fierce national pride and national
prejudice, the stars and stripes
burst forth in genuine American
painting. It was vigorous. It was
strong. It was outrageously
straightforward and unpretentious.
* * *
THE 53RD EXHIBITION for
Michigan Artists opened at the
Detroit Institute of Arts May 16.
All the characteristics that have
distinguished American painting
were present, but something was
wrong. In all those 1935 cowboy
movies where Calamity Runs and
Dakota Gulch look like real towns,
behind the swinging doors of the
saloon was nothing more than
mesquite and tumbleweed. Facade:
an imitation of the real thing. I
must admit at first glance the
show was quite impressive. Ini-
tially, I was faked because I was
looking at good imitations of
Amant an...'n., n n r C tin' nny b h r 'nl -
To the Editor:
OVER THE YEARS I have de-
veloped the ability to inhibit
my reactions to articles and edi-
torials appearing in The Daily
with which I am in disagreement.
However, the editorial by Mr.
Harry Perlstadt published in the
May 19 edition reaches a level of
irresponsible criticism that can-
not be ignored.
Both the editorial and his acts
of "irrational rebellion" described
early in it seem to be criticism for
the sake of criticism, criticism
without direction, and in the case
of the editorial the criticism is
often misleading and incorrect. I
would like to comment on some
of the rhetorical questions posed
by Mr. Perlstadt.
"WHERE ARE the professors
who strike out after new dimen-
sions, and attempt to bring this
quest back from the research
cubbyhole to their undergradu-
ates?" Many of them are at the
University of Michigan. Some of
the most distinguished senior fac-
ulty, active research leaders of the
country, insist upon teaching un-
dergraduate courses at the Univer-
sity. Some are so insistent upon
teaching certain courses that they
fight to have ,their courses drop-
ped from departmental offerings
when !they will be away for a
semester. Mr. Perlstadt would do
well to compare this attitude with
ones held by professors of similar
stature in other institutions across
the country which have compar-
able research orientation.
"Where is the faculty which
makes distribution changes be-
cause the changes conform better
to the idea of a liberal education
and not because the mathematics
department is operating beyond
capacity and the removal of math-
ematics as a distribution require-
ment would lessen the load?" Mr.
Perlstadt should remember the
thousands of faculty hours which
have been given to the revision of,
the distribution requirements in
the literary college. Both the na-
tural science and the social science
requirements have undergone con-
siderable revision and examination
in the past several years.
The men who spent their time in
this occupation were not concern-
ed with the pressure upon one or
another department. Their goal
was only that of shaping the best
patterns of liberal education for
the students. Many faculty mem-
bers give freely of their time in
efforts to help other colleges and
universities change their require-
ments and others consult with na-
tional committees representing
academic areas which are under-
taking revisions of training to
meet thenew demandsrupon the
individual in our changing cul-
ture. These facts seem to belie
Mr. Perlstadt's implication that
our faculty is only concerned with
"evening out" student enrollments.
"WHERE ARE the brilliant be-
haviorists who should be in the
undergraduate classrooms or on
PhD committees and not stuffed
away in Mental Health Research
Institute . . .?" It may come as
a surprise, but many of the be-
havioral scientists attached to the
many institutes of the University
are found just where Mr. Perlstadt
would have them, that is, they are
in the undergraduate classroom
and on PhD committees. The Uni-
versity has been a leader in for-
mulating "joint appointments"
between academic departments
and institutes which permit all
students to obtain the educational
benefits derivable from institute
personnel.
with and learn from some of the-
world's finest specialists in the
academic areas; "challenging
courses" can be found in many
places. At Michigan a student
with sufficient interest and moti-
vation can seek out and learn from
the top men in a field on an in-
formal basis.
Later on, Mr. Perlstadt suggests
that the administrative officers act
with little regard for the opinion
of the faculty. On the whole it,
is my impression that the Univer-
sity is strongly faculty-oriented.
Administrativedecisions are made
with regard for the due processes
established in the bylaws of the
University and in the light of our
traditions. The University Senate
and toe Senate Advisory commit-
tees have been chosen as models
by many other institutions of'
learning. This is testimonyto
their effectiveness in making the
development of the University a
matter of Joint faculty-adinis-
trative planning.
* *. .
IT IS REGR TTABLE that Mr.
Perlstadt is cncluding his 'four
years in Ann Arbor believing him-
self to be nothing more than a
phony, and that "schools and the
means to education should for-
ever be encouraged .-But not at
the University of Michigan." No,
educational system is perfect, to
be sure, but it must be recognized
that an institution of learning only
offers the opportunity for growth
and the acquisition of knowledge.
-Prof. Robert L. Isaacson
Psychology Department
Sociology ...
To the Editor:
IN THE LIAISON Marjorie
Brahms makes the pointthat
sociologists are partly to blame
for the lack of solutions to so-
ciety's serious troubles because
they refuse to turn theory and
research into plans for social re-
form and action. Such a viewpoint
indicates a misunderstanding of
sociology and of social action. I
thoroughly agree that both plans
for reform and action are needed
and appropriate. However, this is
the responsibility of all intellec-
tuals, not only, of sociologists. So-
ciologists deal in their discipline
with only parts of reality. Political
scientists, psychologists, historians,
artists, and many others deal with
the other parts of that same
reality.
A plan of action cannot con-
fine itself to one kind of reality,
but by definition has, somehow,
to come to grips 'with the whole
of it. A sociologist might be very
good at making such a plan, but
this would not be because he is a
sociologists alone. He would be ef-
fective because he is also a poli-
tical scientist, pschologist, etc. In
short, because he knows some-
thing about the factors hich"
operate in the world of action.
ONE OF the reasons, I think, so
many intellectuals have retreated
into research alone is that when
they did try to participate in the
world of action, they did so as
specialists and consequently were
unsuccessful in making a contri-.
bution. Many have solved this by
being "consultants." This means
they advise someone else, and
thereby avoid the making of con
sequential decisions. I would, sug-
gest that this is only a partial
answer to the problem of involve-
ment in the 'actual world." The
rest of the solution lies in under-
standing that problems in that
"actual world" are not neatly com-
partmentalized by academic ds
ciplines.
As for the rest of Miss Brahms'
I
A