THE MICIGAN DAILY
PAC
AID Study Cites Economic Growth
I
By LEWIS GULICK
Associated Press News Analyst
WASHINGTON - A TUnited
States study of 41 countries re-"
'ceiving foreign aid since World
War II shows more than half of
them have reached the economic
point of going on their own, or
are well toward it.
All but eight of the 41 are rated
a "success" in economic growth
yardsticks set forth by the Agency
for International Development. All
but two of the eight laggards
were Latin American nations.
Aid administrator David E. Bell
has presented this analysis to the
House Foreign Affairs Committee,
which is considering President
John F. Kennedy's request for
$4.5 billion in new foreign aid
funds. The study was made public
last week but got little attention
at the time. Bell had it made as
part of a program to measure
Police -Hold
Over 450
In Pickering
BIRMINGHAM (IP)-Police ar-
rested more than 450 truant Ne-
gro students yesterday as waves
of racial demonstrations engulfed
downtown Birmingham.
The Negroes--ages 6 to 16-
marched toward city hall, paraded
on downtown streets and picketed
major department stores..,
Police disbursed the throng with
little effort. There was no violence.
A group of 20 Negro studeits
slipped by police lines and march-
ed to city hall. They were arrest-
ed within 15 feet of the steps.
At least 10 groups converged on
city 'hall from all directions.
Teachers shouted encouragement
to the hymn-singing students as
they were arrested.
One Negro leader, the Rev. A.
D. King, brother of integration
leader Martin Luther King Jr., was
arrested while encouraging a group,
of marchers. King previously had
been convicted of violating a state
court injunction against racial
demonstrations.
Another leader, the Rev. Fred
L. Shuttlesworth, head of the Ala-
bama Christian Movement for Hu-
man Rights, said the demonstra-
tions would continue "until we run
out of children."
Outgoing city commissioner Eu-
gene Connor, who leads the po-
lice department, has vowed to fill
the Jails full of integrationists
who violate the city's segregation
codes.
Also, an official of the Birming-
ham School Board said the stu-
dents would be expelled for their
parts in the marches and that
teachers encouraging them would
be reprimanded.
r- - - - -
what United States aid has done
and what remains to be accom-
plished.
The 41 countries are those
which have received upwards of
$300 million or $30 per person in
United States economic help since
1945. Bell's statisticians applied
the tests of economic growth and
need for outside aid.
Under AID's economic-growth
measuring formula those countries
which gained 1.5 per cent per
capita in national product per
year-slightly under the United
States average-rate satisfactory.
Under its outside-aid needs test,
nations which reached an 80 per
cent level of self-financing with-
out outside government aid, or
whose requirements for outside aid
have dropped at least 10 per cent
over the past five years, get a
passing grade.
Top Score
AID's top score went to 14
countries, 11 of them in the post-
war Marshall Plan for European
recovery.
United States economic aid pro-
grams for these nations have been
completed. The 14 are Austria,
Belgium - Luxembourg, Denmark,
France, West Germany, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Japan, Lebanon,
Netherlands, Norway, Spain and
United Kingdom.
Listed as having a successful
growth rate and growing self-
sufficiency, thus having a prospect
of going off the United States as-
sistance rolls sooner or later were
Colombia, Greece, India, Iran, Is-
rael, Mexico, Philippines, Taiwan,
Thailand, and Venezuela.
Need Aid
Rated as growing satisfactorily
economically but still too heavily
dependent on outside aid, partly
because their expansion requires
outside help, Bolivia, B r a z i1,
Guatemala, Jordan, Liberia, Pakis-
tan, Panama, Turkey, and the
United Arab Republic.
Given poor scores in economic
growth were Argentina, Chile,
Costa Rica, Indonesia, Nicaragua,
Paraguay, Peru and Tunisia.
The Latin American lands which
have recorded a growth rate below
the 1.5 per cent AID standard
have been hampered economically
by lower prices for their raw ma-
terial exports, large population
growth and political and social
conditions and slowing expansion.
Help Democracy
Bell also sought to ascertain
whether United States-aided eco-
nomic progress abroad has gone
hand in hand with advances in
democracy. He concluded that a
generalization would be difficult,
but on balance said the results
have been "decidedly favorable."
Not counted in the AID study
were eight countries which have
received much United States aid
for special military or political
reasons. These are Korea, Viet
Nam, Laos, Cambodia, Libya,
Morocco, Yugoslavia and and Po-
land.
EDUCATION PROGRAM:
Committee Devises New Strategy
Experts SeeJ
Laos Crisis
Cooling Of f
.
WASHINGTON-United States1
officials have indicated that
the military crisis in Laos is cool-,
ing and that they believe the pre-
carious coalition government there
will be preserved.
Although they expect the strug-
gle for control of the landlocked
Asian kingdom to continue, they
predict that the field of action
will move ' at least temporarily
from the battlefield to the political
arena.
"If you accept the approach of
Communist China leader Mao Tse-
Tung of 'fight, talk, fight, talk,'
now we seem to be in the talk
stage," one official said.
Thorny Problems
A number of thorny problems
remain, but Washington onlookers
have been encouraged by the
willingness of the Laotian neutral-
ists to stand up to heavy and
constant pressure from the pro-
Communist Pathet Lao forces.
One problem which has yet to
be resolved is the continued pres-
ence of Communist North Vietna-
mese soldiers in Laos, which vio-
lates the 1962 Geneva agreements
on Laos.
Discretion
Soviet intentions in Laos have
been difficult to ascertain, but
Washington officials are convinc-
ed that Soviet Premier Nikita S.
Khrushchev sincerely wants to
avoid a big power confrontation
over Laos.
Another obstacle is the territory
the Pathet Lao forces seized from
the neutralists during recent bat-
tles. These gains do not amount to
a great amount of land area, but
the Pathet Lao has shown no in-
tention of -giving up their spoils,
despite neutralist demands.
The Polish representative to the
international control commission
however, has refused to go along
with other members of the com-
mission in their demands for ob-
servation posts in the area, thus
making giving up spoils difficult.
Copyright, 1963, The New York Times
By ANDREW ORLIN
A Michigan lottery similar to
the one recently passed in New
Hampshire would require an
amendment to the state constitu-
tion, Rep. Gilbert Bursley (R-Ann
Arbor) said yesterday.
Pressmen,
To Combine
WASHINGTON-A giant pub-
lishing union with 369,000 mem-
bers including printers, pressmen,
and papermakers may become a
reality in the near future.
Leaders of the three important
unions involved: the International
Typographical Union, the Inter-
national Printing Pressmen's Un-
ion, and the United Papermakers
and Paperworkers Union, said re-
cently that they were "muaking
progress" towards a proposed mer-
ger.
The conventions of all three
unions approved the merger idea
in 1960 and instructed their lead-
ers to negotiate terms.
Three other unions have indi-
cated that they favor a confedera-
tion of printing trades unions, but
are not involved in negotiations.
They are: thevInternational Ster-
eotypers, the International Broth-
erhood of Bookbinders, and the
American Newspaper Guild.
The International Photo-En-
gravers Union, which demonstrat-
ed its independence in the recent
New York newspaper strike, indi-
cated Wednesday that it favors
neither a confederation nor a
merger.
Copyright, 1963, The New York Times
Revenue from New Hampshire's
lottery will be used to defray that
state's educational expenses.
"I am sure the precedent of
New Hampshire's lottery will
strongly aid proponents for one
in Michigan," Bursley commented.
If other states also started em-
ploying lotteries and they proved
to be revenue producing sources,
Michigan lottery proponents would
receive still further support, he
continued.
Rep. John J. Fitzpatrick (D-
Detroit) regularly introduces, a
lottery amendment in the House,
which is regularly defeated. Burs-
ley noted that in the past there
have' been between 30-40 votes
for passage of the lottery question
in the House.
Discussing his own views, Burs-
ley said "I do not have any moral
objection to lotteries and I think
it should be given the careful
consideration of any other revenue
device."
Prbf. Merritt Chambers of the
Center for Study of Higher Edu-
cation does not see any benefits
in state lotteries for education.
"It is a throwback to before the
Civil War. Any money derived
from the lottery will be a mere
drop in the bucket toward state
education costs."
Prof. Chambers noted that state
supported institutions during pre-
Civil War days were more like
our private colleges of today.
These schools obtained funds
mainly through lotteries, occasion-
al state loans and at "sporatic
intervals" state appropriations.
He does not believe that other
states will follow New Hampshire's
precedent.
Employment
Rate Increases
WASHINGTON P) - Employ-
ment climbed to new highs during
April, the labor department said
yesterday.
The seasonally adjusted unem-
ployment rate for April was 5.7
per cent, not significantly changed
from the 5.6 per cent rate regis-
tered both in March and in April
1962.
REVENUE SOURCE:
Consider Chances of Lottery
WASHINGTON - Chairman
Adam C. Powell (D-NY) and other
key pro-Administration members
of the House Education and Labor
Committee have devised a new
strategy to push passage of the
bulk of President John F. Ken-
nedy's education program.
,, ,.
ADAM CLAYTON POWELL
... new strategy
However, the strategy omits any
attempt to obtain general assist-
ance for public grade and high
schools, It divides the nine prin-
cipal parts of the Administration's
proposed educational package into
two main bills.
The first would include the col-
lege construction and student loan
measure put together several weeks
ago by Rep. Edith Green (D-Ore).
Endanger Prospects
This measure, which would have
provided $2.7 billion in higher
education assistance, was aban-
- - - - - - - - - - I
doned under White House urging.
The Administration did not want
to endanger prospects for a some-
what related bill-since passed by
the House-to channel federal
funds into medical school con-
struction.
The second and broader bill
under the strategy would combine
seven other portions of the Ad-
ministration's education program,
excluding grade and high school
aid.
Such aid to lower education is
given no chance of approval by
Congress because of the long-
standing religious dispute growing
out of demands by the Catholic
Church for assistance to private
as well as public schools.
Expand NDEA
This second bill would include:
expansion of the 1958 National
Defense Education Act designed
to strengthen teaching in the
sciences, mathematics and foreign
languages; extension of the im-
pacted area program whereby
funds are channeled to regions
having a high proportion, of fed-
eral or military personnel; en-
largement and revision of federal
aid for vocational education and
library sciences services; a step-
ped-up effort in cooperative edu-
cation research and a new pro-
gram for special education prob-
lems and improvement of teachers'
skills.
The Administration had recom-
mended that all education pro-
posals be tied into one bundle,
contending that the catch-all
NATO Future
Threatened By
Internal Splits
By JOSEPH E. DYNAN
Associated Press Staff Writer
PARIS-For 'all of its millions
of men and billions of dollars the
shield of the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization has dangerous
cracks.
They are the splits over its nu-
clear future and the role that the
all-important France of President
Charles de Gaulle plans to play. In
their wake they have brought re-
criminations among the allies as to
which are paying their full share
in the common defense of the West
and which aren't.
A breakdown of the military
and monetary contributions of the
member nations shows, the major
partners Great Britain and France
both lagging.
Share of Load
Smaller NATO members seem to
be carrying more or less their share
of the load.
This picture emerges from a
study of such manpower and de-
fense budget figures are are avail-
able to the public.
However, it is extremely difficult
to obtain an accurate report on
the status of NATO forces. For one
thing, much information is classi-
fied and therefore not available to
newsmen. For another, the defense
budgets of several countries cover
expenditures outside the NATO
area and it would be almost im-
possible to decide how much goes
to NATO and how much elsewhere.
NATO Area
This is particularly true of the
United States with its worldwide
commitments-the Pacific and the
Far East, for ekample, are outside
the NATO area. This is also true,
to a lesser extent, of Britain,
France, Portugal, Canada and
even Holland.
See NATO, Page 8
would contain something for near-
ly everyone and this would have
a good chance for approval.
Although contemplating earlier
such an approach, Powell and
other committee Democrats now
believe that one big package would
provide too many targets for law-
makers to criticize.'
College Aid
The new educational program
strategy will give top priority to
the college aid bill, and it is the
hope of the Democratic strategists
that the legislation can be drafted
with bipartisan support. Repub-
licans have in general pledged
their support for a bill providing
construction loans and grants, but
most are opposed to student loans.
By having the second bill in-
clude several popular programs-
notably the impacted area aid and
the NDEA assistance--the Demo-
crats hope their acceptance will
be sufficient to carry through the
lesser plans that Congress is not
eager to pass.
(c) 1963, The Wall Street Journal
IT
The Michigan
Union Cultural Affairs Committee
Presents:
World News Roundup
THE INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS ASSOCIATION
presents
THE INTERNATIONAL
SMORGASBORD
FOOD FROM ALL OVER THE WORLD
FIRESIDE CHAT
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By The Associated Press
WASHINGTON - The House
Ways and Means Committee vot-
ed yesterday to raise the national
debt ceiling to a new high of $309
billion, July 1.
WASHINGTON-The State De-
partment warned Americans yes-
terday against unnecessary travel
to Haiti and said the situation
there remains tense and poten-
tially explosive. Press officer Ln-
coln White cited a number of re-
cent instances of what he called
strong - arm interference w i t h
American diplomats.
KATMANDU, Nepal-Two men
of an American expedition raised
the American flag on the summit
of Mt. Everest, highest peak of
the world, on Wednesday.
TOKYO-A Japanese socialist
leader last night demanded an im-
mediate government investigation
into the sinking of a prized Red
Chinese freighter on an inaugural
trade run to Japan. In Washing-
ton, a State Department spokes-
man denied "absolutely" yester-
day a Communist allegation that
the United States was involved in
the sinking of the Red Chinese
freighter.
ALGIERS-France has agreed
to speed up evacuation of its troops
from Algeria, a Joint French-Al-
gerian communique said yester-
day. The communique said all
French troops will be out by late
1964 instead of July 1, 1965, as
first planned.
TOKYO-The Japanese govern-
ment yesterday reprimanded the
country's most respected academ-
ic body, the Japan Science Coun-
cil, for issuing a statement oppos-
ATTENTION STUDENTS
Do you need a good
USED or NEW CAR?
see
RON GRAHAM
U. of M. '61
HERB ESTES
FORD'
505 EAST HURON
662-3261
ing port calls by United States
nuclear submarines. The council
president, Prof. Shinichiro Tomo-
naga, was called to the prime min-
ister's office and told that the
statement was contrary to the gov-
ernment's policy.
NEW YORK - Former. Vice-
President Richard M. Nixon said
yesterday he is changing his resi-
dence from California to New York
City and joining a New York law
firm June 1.
WASHINGTON- Gov. George
Romney reiterated yesterday he is
not and will not become a candi-
date for the Republican presiden-
tial nomination in 1964.
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