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Seventy-First Year
EDITED AND MANAGED BYS TUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD-IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS
Where Opinions Are Free STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. " ANN ARBOR, MICH. * Phone NO 2-3241
Truth WI prevaiH"
Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers
or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints.
*
1*
DAY, NOVEMBER 3, 1961
NIGHT EDITOR: MICHAEL HARRAH
The Slate System
In Campus Elections
LELI
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University Outlet
Helps Young Writer
LETTERS TO TIU
EDIT
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Con ..
001
GROUPS ENDORSING CANDIDATES for
Student Government Council serve a legiti-
mate and very necessary function in the
operation of the democratic political process
which is the basis of student government.
In choosing candidates to endorse, groups
such as Quadrants, the Inter-fraternity Coun-
cil and Young Democrats admittedly emphasize
their own interests at the "expense" of those of
the whole community. And it is perfectly
logical that they should do so.
WHEN A PARTICULAR course of 'action-
the withdrawal of recognition from fra-
ternities with bas clauses, for example-is
good in one way and bad in another, it will
obviously be desired by some and fought by
those who are in a position which makes that
course undesirable.
One very effective *ay for' a group to ad-
vance or prevent the pursuit of a certain
goal is to urge the election of people whose
interests correspond to its own. Any group
firmly convinced of the values of its way of
thought and mode of operation and concerned
that they be perpetuated will, therefore, be-
coe involved in the political process.
That they should become involved is not
only logical but necessary and desirable for
the maintenance of democratic government.
For the proper defense/ of particular goods
by particular persons is of great importance
In the attainment of the common good, the
goal of democracy.
The common good cannot be defined as a
course of action or a set of ends which is
equally desirable for all citizens. It can only
be defined as the good of a multitude having
conflicting individual interests and purposes-
and, therefore, incapable of attainment unless
these particular interests are taken care of by
particuar agents or groups.
THAT GROUPS should endorse candidates is
inherent in their reasons for formation.
Individuals organize themselves into groups
because of a sharply felt need to break down
sdciety into meaningful units, to construct a
frame of reference from which to view the
chaotic world.
Interquadrangle Council, for example, exists
because students living in the 'quads felt a
need to establish themselves as a group apart
from the undifferentiated mass of University
students, -having special problems and needs
and so a special point of view. This point
of view inevitably influences their perception
of political matters and may justifiably lead
them to work for the election of candidates
with the same point of view.
OBVIOUSLY, ENDORSEMENT can be done
foolishly. Candidates may be supported
merely because they have a specific view with
no consideration given to their intelligence,
knowledge and understanding of the Univer-
sity and its operation or their ability to work
effectively with other Council members. Groups
that endorse candidates without these qualifi-
cations are defeating their own purpose.
Because their criteria for selection can al-
ways be called into question, groups endorsing
candidates cannot expect all their members
to vote the "party line." And individuals within
groups are not absolved from their obligation
to carefully consider the merits of each can-
didate running for office.
But if groups endorse candidates for sound
and well-articulated reasons, they N are per-
forming a service for their membership and,
so, for the community.
-SUSAN FARRELL
Personnel Director
VARIOUS NON-POLITICAL groups within
the University have come out in support
of (and by inference, in opposition to) can-
didates for SGC. Great langer lies dormant in
this' action. For while these groups unques-
tionably have the right to these statements,
they may be misinterpreting a responsibility'
rather than fulfilling one.
On political issies, a citizen always owes
his highest loyalty to the community. When
he is faced with" the obligation to vote, the
prime issue is always what is in the best
interests of the entire community The in-
terests of any grouping subordinate to the
community, be he a part of that grouping or
not, must always be a secondary concern.
Each voter must make his decision on an
individual basis. Everyone has different cri-
teria for judging the worth of a person run-
ning for office. Ideas which sound messianic
to some will sound disastrous to others. Ac-
tions which appear forceful to some will appear
insane to others. It is very difficult for even
two people to come to exactly the same con-
clusions on all aspects of a candidate.
GROUP ACTION tends to confuse the prime
issue of the election in two ways. In the
first place, the Group, almost by definition,
emphasizes its own interests at the expense of
those of the community. One illustration is the
remark atributed to the late Charles Wilson:
"What'sgood for General Motors is good
for the country." This'attitude, while inde-
fensible, is necessarily prevalent in any major
group. Thus a group slate of candidates must
coincide with the needs of the group. Rarely
can it reflect community interests.
A group slate, then, is meaningless in,terms
of the standards a voter must use in making
up his mind. If a voter is influenced by the
group, he sacrifices the interests of the entire
community. The slate serves him as a crutch.
Further, that opinion is, at best, a majority
opinion. It cannot: possibly take into account
the feelings of all the individuals which com-
pose it. Thus members are sometimes held
responsible for beliefs they do not actually
hold.
TWO 9ASES call for special consideration.
The first is a political party. This type of
group exists for the purpose of supporting or
opposing people and programs and could not
exist otherwise. There is quite a difference
between these grqups and groups such as
labor unions and churches, YD's and YR's (who
are definitely not parties in terms of this
campus), Quadrants and IFC. Their survival
does not depend on political programs. Their
role in politics is only in proportion to cer-
tain issues which affect them.
THERE IS ONE more group to consider-the
newspaper. Theoretically, the newspaper has
no private interests. Its most important ob-
ligation is to give the community all the facts
with impartiality. Then, as a knowledgeble
observer, it can venture into personal analyses
on its editorial pages, with appropriate reason-
ing. For the newspaper also has an obligation
to interpret.
If, ,however, a newspaper shirks its first
responsibility or merely puts forth choices
minus any rationale, then' that newspaper is
just as much in the wrong as any other
group. In a situation where the only valid
standard is individual judgment, any appeal
not based on objectivity is a disservice to the
community.
Just as the individual has certain rights, he
has the responsibility of avoiding the evils
of a group slate. He can both abdicate his
rights and avoid his responsibilities. Then,
however, society is worthless.
-H. NEIL BERKSON
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To the Editor:
ONE WOULD BE tempted to dis-
miss Michael Qlinick's edi-
torial on artists and the Univer-
sity as a piece of understandable
immaturity if it did not so com-
pletely express the somewhat ter-
rifying assumptions of most of
the writers who appeared on the
symposium last week. Two re-
current attitudes of mind seem to
me particularly open to question
The First is that a writer has
no obligation to anything other
than the cultivation of his own
talent. Any sort of contract be-
tween him and the society which
he professes to represent (and to
which he must appeal both for
an audience and for a living) con-
stitutes a limitation of his free-
dom. To ask a writer for co-
operation or even for simple gen-
erosity is to threaten his integ-
rity by demanding that he make
undignified concessions to "middle
class morality."
The Second is that a writer
must seek out "reality"-an ar-
ticle which the university by
definition can never put up for
sale. It is more "real," apparently,
to be sensitive and ignorant than
sensible and educated. Even "if;
education is desirable,the assump-
tion is that to get a "real" educa-.
tion at an institution patently
dedicated to it is impossible.
** *
I SUBMIT that a university,
for all its faults, is the only
modern institution (aside from
the foundations of the Fords and
Rockefellers) which gives a writer
an honest opportunity to write.
Creative writing courses are val-'
uable because they give dignity
to the profession of writing. True,
"creative authors do not create
other creative authors" but nei-
ther does creative art happen in
a fundamentally hostile environ-
ment where the ruling values leave
no room for art at all. Artists
flourish when they meet other
artists in an envronment where
art is important.
It is to the credit of our uni-
versities that artists are no longer
obliged to lick the boots of the
great (as were Spenser and Dr.
Johnson)' to keep themselves fed
and in clothes. Today the alter-
native to a university career for
a writer without private means is
usually journalism or television-
"real" if you will but commercial
and middle class in the worst
sense
* * *
AS FOR THE stultifying effect
which Mr. Olinick claims that a
university has upon its writers,
it is difficult to see that reading
books and taking courses can be
stultifying in any other way than
to give the writer a sense of
humility in the face of a public
to which he would 'like to feel
superior.
The only thing unreal about
educatibn-is the dream that pro-
vokes the desire for it.
To attack this kind of unreality
is to attack the fundamental
reasons for art anywhere and at
any time, for as a great writer
of our century reminds us, "In
dreams begins responsibility."
-Anne Hitchcock, Grad.
YD Suppor. ..
To the Editor:
TN THIS COLUMN on Sunday
John Allen attacked a recent
editorial in the "Young Dem Date-
line." I feel the points he raised
are invalid for the reasons which
will be explained.
Mr. Allen asks' what criteria
automatically equate the people
best qualified for SGC with "other
Democrats." In the first place,
the fact that the Voice candidates
are Democrats was not the main.
point of the editorial; I stressed
the liberalism of the candidates
and not their party affiliation.
Actually, the information that
they are Democrats was mostly
disclosed in a parenthetical re-
mark, and I am sure that any
English major will agree with me
that the most important part of a
sentence is not put in parentheses.
And even if the editorial had
said (which it did not) that we
felt the Voice ,candidates were
better qualified partially because
they were Democrats, wouldn't
this have been a logical staid
for a Democratic party news-
paper? Would Mr, Allen deny us
the right to support candidates
from our own party? I think he
must remember that, as a party
newspaper, the "Dateline" is
frankly biased.
NEXT MR. ALLEN asks why, if
there are other Democrats run-
ning, should we not support them
too? This is an absurd proposi-
tion. As I stated above, the editor-
ial advocated the election of the
Voice candidates because they are
liberals and the YD club here at
Michigan is a liberal organization.
Under Mr. Allen's logic, the YD
club would have to support Harry
Byrd or Howard Smith simply
because they are Democrats, al-
though we don't believe in their
policies. Secondly, doesn't the
executive board of the YD's have
a right to support whomever they
wish for election? Can't they,
select whom they would like to
have seated on SOC just like any
other group on campus?
Third, Mr. Allen inquires if the
YD's are asking other organiza-
tions to vote against Voice to ex-
press their preference for non-
Democratic candidates. Of course
not. Again this arises from his
misinterpretation of the import-
ance of the fact tat the Voice
candidates are Democrats. The
editorial was asking liberals t
vote for other liberals and the in-
formation that these other liberals
were Democrats was extraneous.
Finally, he wants to know what
sort of intelligent judgment th
YD executive board ws requesting
Its members to make "on the basis
of the criteria given." Hither Mr.
Allen did not, read farther than
the first paragraph or else he con-
veniently forgot that over one-
half of the editorial was devoted.
to describing the Voice platform
and to listing the qualifications
of that party's candidates.
Would this not provide 'the
"reasonable basis" Mr. Allen de-
sires for asking Yl's to elect those
running on the Voice ticket?
-Mary Beth Norton,'4
Editor, "Young Dem Dateline"
- I
SIDELINE ON
SGC:
Croysdale's '0 n-Campus' Issue
By JUDITH OPPENHEIM
Daily Staff Writer
Student Government Coun-
cil should express student
opinion only in those areas
which directly affect the af-
fairs of the student body dur-
ing its tenure at the Univer-
sity.
-David Croysdale
MAUL CARDER at Wednesday
night's Student Government
Council meeting called David
Croysdale's motion on expression
of student opinion the most "on-
campus"' issue the Council has
discussed all year.
Carder, fortunately, is exag-
gerating, but the motion is cer-
tainly timely. The so called "on-
campus, off-campus" controversy
is mentioned in the platforms of
almost all the 13 SGC candidates
and is one of the topics most fre-Z
quently discussed at SGC open
houses.
Croysdale's motion is so vaguely
worded that it leaves the Council
free to interpret its implication as
it pleases in each individual case.
However, Croysdale's debate left
no doubt as to the intent of the
statement.
When he says SGC should con-
cern itself only with issues directly
affecting students during their
tenure at the University, he is
saying there should be no more
telegrams to the President about
the voter registration problem in
the South or denunciations of the
movie "Operation Abolition" or
protests against the activities of
the House Committee on Un-
American Activities.
The "on-campus off-campus"
issue is one of the most important
in the campaign and it is a pity
that Croysdale's motion was not
worded in such a way as to make
the point in question quite clear.
*'* *
THE SGC PLAN states as one
of the functions of the Council the
obligation to "serve as the official
representative of the University
student community in expressing
opinion and interest to appro-
priate faculty, administrative and
student agencies and to the out-
side student and world commun-
ity."
.Croysdale, is proposing to in-
terpret this statement to exclude
expression of student opinion on
anything not clearly and techni-
cally relevant, in the narrowest
sense, to University students as
such.
* * *
CROYSDALE and several other
Council members seem to feel that
since SGC cannot be completely,
informed on all aspects of such
"off-campus" issues, it is irre-
sponsible to express an opinion
on them in the name of the stu-
dent body.
Since the Council cannot really
take decisive action in any of
these areas, they say, it had better
leave them to groups: which are
free to act directly to implement
their resolutions.
The final argument, and the.
one most frequently stressed, is
that discussion of "off-campus
issues" takes up time which the
Council would better spend on dis-
cussion of "on-campus issues.'
** *
SEVERAL COUNCIL MEMBERS
and the majority of candidates
refuse to accept this narrow in-
terpretation of issues relevant to
students.
Students do not give up their
world citizenship when they enter
a university, their objection goes,
and therefore any issue of con-
cern to humanity is within the
legitimate purview of a group
responsible for expression of stu-
dent opinion.
People may and do form
strong opinions without knowing
every fact pertinent to an issue,
they say, and point out that, if
- no legislative body ever took a.
stand on an issue when it lacked
some particle of information, very
little legislation would ever be
enacted (particularly at the Coun-
cil table).
The last point of contention was,
the charge brought up by the
"on-campus" faction that stu-
dents don't want the Council to
spend its time considering "off-
campus" questions.
* * *
THIS EVENTUALLY will prove
to be the deciding factor.
If enough candidates are elected
who favor consideration of "off-
campus" issues, the issues will be
discussed with the apparent bless-
ing of the constituency.
If -the voters choose candidates
who oppose such discussion ob-
viously attempts to raise "off-
campus" questions will be thwart-
ed.
* * *
THE CONSTITUENTS must re-
member that when the Council
acts, it acts in their name. If
they have a philosophy of student
government, they must cast their
ballots in such a way as to im-
plement this philosophy. This
means that the election must be
decided on issues, and this is one
issue the constituency must con-
sider especially carefully.
TURN an educated nation's
attention to the problem of
helping others do what they have
already accomplished seems to
many like a lackluster chore bet-
ter left to social workers. For-
tunately there are still enough ag-
ricultural centers, dubbed "cow
colleges" by many in the coun-
try, upon whom the President may
call and whose workers have been
the most successful persons this
nation has sent abroad.
-in Kennedy in Power,
by James Crown and
George Penty
1
TODAY AND TOMORROW:
Giant Step in Tariff, Trade
';r
The Big Clean Bomb
THE SOVIET UNION has exploded several
bombs in what appears to be the release of
international frustration. Premier Nikita S.
Khrushchev has -been stymied temporarily on
the Berlin Front by the West; in the Balkans,
by the Albanians, in Central Asia by his
desire not to .upset the Afro-Asian bloc, and
in East Asia by the Communist Chinese.
As to internal Soviet affairs he is apparently
still troubled by the "anti-party" bloc of V.
M. Molotov, and Stalinist ideas. He has to
do something to keep up his image.
The impact of the Soviet Astronauts has
worn off since last August and apparently,
another shot 'is not ready. The only thing
he can do is drop his bombs.,
Editorial Staff
JOHN ROBERTS. Editor
THE UNITED STATES has suddenly found
itself in a' windfall of propaganda advan-
tages and nuclear debris. The United States
appears to have gained an advantage in the
race for peace.
But our politicans have reached a con-
clusion which is almost as psychologically
dis-oriented as the Russian's. We must, in a
great American tradition, drop bigger and
better bombs. Its the ultimate triumph of
free capitalistic society.
We discover that a major element of this
country- isbusily preparing for war. The
Reservists have been called up and people are
being war-conditioned.
Everyone who is anyone must have a fall-
out shelter. They are in vogue. People must
actually think that they can go into their
shelters, live for a few weeks out of touch
with the rest of the society, and tlen emerge
into a somewhat dustier world with melted
buildings and carry on life as they have
always known it.
By WALTER LIPPMANN
IN A STATEMENT issued jointly
by Mr. Christian Herter and
Mr. Will Clayton, and published
as a Congressional document by
Rep. Hale Bogg's Committee, they
say that "the time has come for
the United States to take a giant
step." The giant step is in the
field of tariffs and trade policy,
and the direction of the giant
step is towards a much closer
trading relationship with the non-f
Communist world.
The purpose of the step is to
increase greatly the prosperity
of the non-Communist world. The,
significance of the step is that
it will draw together the non-
Communist world into a union
quite capable of confronting the
Communist orbit confidently, of
competing with it effectively, and
of co-existing with it securely.
** *
IT IS A GRANDIOSE under-
taking. But it is not a vision in
the air. The Atlantic Community
has existed as an historic fact
since the Spanish and the Por-
tuguese, the French, the British,
the Dutch and the Swedes, col-
onized North and South America
some three centuries ago.
That there has always been an
Atlantic Community since then is
attested by our own history. Be-
ginning with colonial times there
has been no great war in Europe
in which Americans have not be-
come engaged.
The experience of the Second
World War has taught the Ameri-
can people that it would be an
history. It has become undesir-
able to adhere to our traditional
tariff policy, because we cannot
afford to miss the opportunity to
participate in a movement which
will lift the non-Communist world,
out of the doldrums.
** *
THESE ARE big words, and they
might well be so much hot air if
it were not , that, there is< al-
ready under way negotiation of
the terms of the new trading com-
munity. We shall not come di-
rectly into these negotiations un-
til Britain, having taken care of
the vital interests of the Com-
monwealth, has been accepted as
a member of the Common Market.
More or less simultaneously there
will come into it also, with cer-
tain reservations, Switzerland,
Austria, and the Scandinavian
countries.
When this has been accom-
plished, we shall have to be ready
to take what Messrs. Herter and
Clayton call the giant step. The
enlarged Common Market will con-
tain over 300,000,000 people work-
ing and living in what will very
soon be a free trade area.
There can be no doubt that in
such a big market European in-
dustry will advance spectacularly.
This will confrorit us with the
question of whether we should
seal ourselves up in our ownmar-
ket or'move to open up access for
our exports to the much larger
European markets. If we choose
to open up the access, we shall
not obtain it as a favor or be-
cause Europe is grateful to us, or
even because Europe depends up-
.n a'fn .cry a .. .rnm t a m - rm
tionship can be worked out is in
effect to authorize the President
to negotiate an economic arrange-
ment with the Common Market
providing for a broad reciprocal
reduction of tariff walls.
Agreeing n 'this much, there
is some difference of opinion about
the political tactics that the Pres-
ident, shouldr adopt. Some think
that he should go to Congress
during the coming session and ask
for new legislation to replace the
old legislation which expires in
June. Others think that he should
declare and explain the new policy
to this session of Congress, but
that he should postpone specific
legislation until 1963.
* * *
THE ARGUMENT of the first
group is that letting the existing
legislation expire without sub-
stituting any in its place would
give the impression of a retreat
from the policy of liberalizing
trade. Pressing trade policy issues
will arise before the new Com-
mon Market comes into being
which require that the President
possess sufficient authority to deal
with them.
The argument of the second
group is that so great a change
in our traditional tariff policy,
this "giant step," requires a longer
period of education and public
debate than we have yet had.
Dropping such legislation into. a
Congress which is preoccupied-
with an election would almost
certainly mean a scrimmage of
special interests and a debate at
a much lower level than the sub-
ject requires. They feel satisfied
that nothing Will be lost by the
DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN
The Daily Official Bulletin is an
official publication of The Univer-
sity of Michigan for which The
Michigan Daily assumes no editorial
responsibility. Notices should be
sent in TYPEWRITTEN form to
Room 3564 Administration Building
before 2 p.m., two days preceding
publication.
FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 3
General Notices
The University of Michigan Blood
Bank Association, in cooperation with
the American Red Cross, will have its
regnia Rnr 'Rank Clinic on Nov. 16.
Applications for - Fellowships and
Scholarships in the Graduate School for
1962-63 are now available. Competition
closes February 15, 1962. Applications
and information may be obtained in the
Graduate School Offices, Rackham Bldg.
or in departmental offices. Renewal
forms are availablenat the Graduate
School. Only students who. Intend to
enroll in the Horace H. Rackham School
of Graduate Studies for 1962-63 may
apply.
Ford Foundation announces doctoral
dissertation fellowships for 1962-63, for
students in Sociology, Anthropology,
Psychology, Political Science and Sta-
tistics, whose dissertations bear on busi-
ness nrnhlms. Stinnd of $254O dA-