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Seventy-One Years of Editorial Freedom
VOL. LXXII, No. 20 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, TUESDAY, OCTOBER 10, 1961 SEVEN CENTS
EIGHT PAGES
Ask Court
To Avoid
Decision
WASHINGTON (P) - An At-
torney for Tennessee told the
Supreme Court yesterday that
stepping into a Tennessee Legis-
lative reapportionment controversy
would create -chaos and paralyze
state government.
Assistant Atty.% Gen. Jack Wil-
son contended that the case could
result in a finding that all Ten-
nessee legislative acts since 1901
are. invalid.
Already, he said, several crim-
inals awaiting execution, have
challenged the ,legality of laws
under which they were convicted
and sentenced. As a result, he
said, the governor of Tennessee
has suspended further executions
until "it is determined if Tennes-
see may execute a criminal."
Legality Questioned
Further, he said, questions have
been raised as to the legality of
Tennessee's municipal bonds and
as to the legality of the legisla-
ture's impeachment and convic-
tion of a state judge.
A group of Tennessee city voters
is contending that the 14th
amendment is violated and their
voting power diluted because the
legislature since 1901 has refused
to reapportion the states legisla-
tive seats on a population basis
even though directed by the state
constitution to do so every 10
years. .
They contend that rural areas,
with one-third of the voters, elect
and control two-thirds of the
state's legislative seats. This, they
said results, among other things,
in an inequitable distribution of
tax funds among the counties.-
k Affect Other States
Although this explosive case of
rural vs. city control of state
legislatures involves only Ten-
nessee, the result would affect
other states with reapportionment
troubles.
Attorney's representing the tax-
payers said the present unequal
reapportionment of states' legis-
lators as between urban and ,rural
areas has become a national trag-
edy, and it is a "rotten situation."-
Charles S. Rhyne, representing
the urban voters, told the court
that the only way to restore gov-
ernmental integrity is to restore
equal voting rights.
The situation, he said, has be-
come a national tragedy because
similar conditions prevail in many
other states.
"Legislatures are not. going to
do anything about it,'" he said.
"We are at the end of the road.
The only way we can get relief is
through this court."
Actors Demand
End of Racial
Discrimination
NEW YORK P)-Actors' Equity
and the League of New York
Theaters have agreed 'to bring
about the total desegregation of
the American theater by next June
1.
Beyond that date, the agree-
ment holds, actors and producers
will refuse to perform or present
plays in any theater which still
requires the segregation of Ne-
groes from whites in the audience.
Since all legitmate actors arg
lincluded within Equity's, juris-
%diction and the league represents
%the Broadway producers and man-
agers who originate practically all
tours, the joint agreement Will in
effect end segregation in theaters
throughout the United -States.'
If a theater should fail to com-
ply, it would, under the agree-
ment, lose its bookings.,
Such a theater also would mace
litigation from the National-' As-'
sociation for the 'Advanceient of
Colored People, said NAACP's
labor secretary, Herbert Hill.
Shortage May
Draft Students
A shortage of men classified
1-A by the Selective Service sys-
-Datly-Len Lofstrom
THAI CENTER-Peace Corps volunteers designated to go to Thailand will meet at the University
to take their training courses. The rigorous schedule which has been planned for them is intended
to prepare them for the conditions of life they will meet in Thailand. When they arrive in that coun-
try, they will live on a level similar to the natives..
ork -Begins at Thai Center
411
By JUDITH BLEIER
and SANDRA JOHNSON
Classes began today for the 56
Peace Corps volunteers being
trained here at the Thailand cen-
ter, Lawrence Dennis, associate
director of 4he Corps, said.
The program will last for 13
weeks and will include 60 hours
of class work in addition to out-
side assignments.
When the volunteers arrive in
Thailand they may expect to
spend their two-year stay living
on the level of their Thai coun-
terparts. At a press conference
Sunday, Dennis explained that
this was the customary procedure
for the corpsmen.
Nothing Extreme
"These particular volunteers
will experience no extreme condi-
tions of deprivation," Prof. Robert
C. Leestma, of the education,
school, and director of the train-
ing program at the University, ex-
plained.
The Thai people live in wooden
houses which are frequently placed
on stilts, he said. Although the
volunteers will not have the lux-
ury of hot water, they undoubted-
ly will have Thai cooks as this is
a common custom in Thailand.
The volunteers will get a living
allowance and travel expenses,
plus $75 per month which they
can claim at the end of their two-
year service.
No Provision
There are 'no specific provisions
in the "program for a volunteer
who wishes to 'extend his length
of service, but he may volunteer
to continue working on the same
project or, in another area after
his term is finished, Dennis ex-
plained.
During their service in the
Corps, men will be deferred from
the draft. "However, this does not
mean they will be exempt from
milit'ary duty," he said.
The University was chosen as
the Thai training i center because
"you have here the largest num-
ber of authorities and experts on
Thailand and because the Univer-
sity has more than 40 Thai stu-
dents," Albert Meisel, training of-
ficer for 'the, Corps, explained.
The volunteers will have the
opportunity to meet the Thai stu-
dents on campus, who will parti-
cipate in a variety of ways, for-
mally and informally, throughout
the training program, Prof. Leest-
ma said.
Rm. 3-D of the Michigan Un-
ion will be set up as the official
Peace Corps headquarters, he said.
The Corps is yet not "com-
pletely Wedded" to a particular
structure, Dennis said. The Corps
is officially a separate, semi-
autonomous agency of the State
Department.
Four main offices have been
established: the Office of Devel-
opment and Operations which ne-
gotiates with the host countries;
the Office of Peace Corps Volun-
teers which is in charge of selec-
tion and training; and the Office
of Management which handles the
Peace Corps budget.
Liaison
The Office of Public and Con-
gressional Affairs, which serves as
a liaison between the Corps and
other governmental agencies and
the general public.
"In addition there are various
staff offices, including on con-
cerned with university relations
and another connected with plan-
ning and evaluation," Dennis said.
Two hundred and fifty persons
make up the national staff.
Dennis outlined the eight com-
ponents of every training pro-
gram. These include: intensive
language training; economic, cul-
tural and political studies of the
host country; studies of American
culture and political institutions;
studies of world politics with em-
phasis on learning to think crit-
ically and constructively under
stress; refresher work in profes-
sional and technical skills; health
education; physical conditioning;
and Peace Corps orientation.
Three More Seek
Positions on SGC
Kenneth McEldowney, '61, Ju-
dith Stock, '63, and Steven Stock-
meyer, '63, have taken out Student
Government Council petitions.
All petitions must be returned to
the administrative secretary by
5:30 p.m. Friday.
The University program will
place special emphasis upon
grasping the Thai language. This
is the most intensive language
training program of any in the
country, Prof. Leestma said.
Reds Level
Blast at UiN
UNITED NATIONS ifP - The
Soviet Union opened attacks yes-
terday on the United Nations sec-
retariat, the mounting UN budget
and the location of the UN head-
quarters in New York.
Alexei A. Roschin, the Soviet
delegate in the General Assem-
bly's administrative and budgetary
committee, outlined Moscow's
policy on the UN executive struc-
ture at a time when many dele-
gates have been complaining about
costs and African delegates in
particular are bitter about racial
discrimination in New York City.
"The racial discrimination prac-
ticed in the United States creates
intolerable conditions for the
work of the United Nations in
New York," Roschin said. "The
unfavorable conditions for stay
and work of delegations in New
York raise the question of the
necessity to shift the headquar-
ters to some other place."
He called UN expenses in the'
Congo illegal because they were
not approved by the Security
Council, where the Russians have
a veto. For this and other reasons
the Communist countries have re-
fused to pay their share of the
Congo's expenses, and Roschin
proposed a much tighter control
of the UN purse strings.
All expenditures for "peace and
security" measures such as the
Congo would require approval by
the Security Council and a re-
port on the costs of a new pro-
gram in advance.
Roschin renewed Soviet de-
mands for a larger share of jobs
in the UN secretariat. He charged
that the secretariat is weighted
toward the West. -
Personal
'Reports'
Criticized
College teachers who provide
non-academic evaluations of stu-
dents for government security
agents or private employers are
endangering the edudcational pro-
cess, .the American Civil Liberties
Union warned yesterday.
"Questions relating' to the stu-
dent's loyalty and patriotism, his
political or religious or moral or
social beliefs and attitudes, his
general outlook, his private life,
may well jeopardize the teacher-
student relation," ACLU's Aca-
demic Freedom Committee points
out in the current issue of "School
and Society." .
Possible dangers to the educa-
tional process are obscured as
"habituation to this profilerating
process of interrogation and re-
sponse" grows, the report notes.
"Those who think of education
primarily as the delivery of in-s
formation by teachers to students
will find no danger here.
Danger to Education
"But if education requires un-
inhibited expression and thinkingI
out loud,. disclosure of expressed,
opinion . . .. can become a threat
to the educational process be-
cause the student does not expect,
his views to be reported outside
the classroom."
If he knew that anything he
said or wrote may be revealed in-
discriminately, the kind of rela-
tion in which he originally felt
free to make his pronouncement
would to all intents and purposes
cease to exist."
The ACLU statement set down
guidelines for handling queries
about students:
Faculty men should note that
answers in written form make it
easier to avoid "pitfalls" though
his continued "alertness" is es-
sential.
Questions relating to what the
student has demonstrated as a
student-ability to solve problems,
reason well, direct projects-"pose
no threat to educational privacy.
Suggest Preface
S6 that unanswered questions
will not put the student in an
that teachers preface each ques-
unfavorable light, ACLU suggests
tionnaire with a statement to the
effect that the academic policy
to which they describe makes it
inadvisable to answer certain
kinds of questions, no matter who
the individual student may be.
The policy of no disclosures of
students' personal views is recom-
mended even in the cases of those
who would like to have all ques-
tions about themselves fully an-
swered. "Personal expediency of
this kind . . . does not seem jus-
tifiable as an exception to war-
ranted policy."
Notes Use
The ACLU statement notes that
employers can make use of the
varied screening procedures and
sources of information which can
be utilized without injury to the
student-teacher relation.
Instructors in the chemistry de-
partment at the University fill in
non-academic evaluations if all
students who elect the elementary
general courses in this field.
Department officials feel the
evaluations are necessary since
faculty men are often called upon
to make such judgments in recom-
mendations for medical school or
government jobs.
RIGHT-TO-WORK:
Court Refuses Review
Of Kansas ShopyRule-
WASHINGTON (P)--The Supreme Court refused yesterday to re-
view-and thus let stand-a Kansas ruling that agency shop agree-
ments are illegal in that state.
The action was an important development in a major national
issue: whether in states that ban compulsory union membership unions
may make agreements requiring that non-union workers pay to the
union a sum equivalent to. union dues.
The union argument runs that such agency agreements, as they-
are called, simply recompense the union for acting as collective bar-
gaining agency for all workers.
Practical Device
On the other side, the argument is that the device has the prac-
tical effect of pressuring workers into the union. The Supreme Court's
refusal to consider the Kansas
case took on added importance
because the National Labor Re-
lations Board ruled Sept. 29 that
agency agreements do not violate
the federal Taft-Hartley labor
law. The board's decision reversed
a position it had taken last Feb.
The case before the board was
from Indiana where state courts
had held that state laws did not
bar an agency agreement.
19 States
There are 19 states which have
laws barring labor contracts re-
quiring union membership as a
condition of employment. Such
statutes are commonly, called
right-to-work laws.
The labor board's ruling and
the Supreme Court's action yes-
terdaw appear to leave this situa-
tion as of the present: whether
agency agreements can be made
in these 19 states depends on the
laws of the individual states.
On its first real business day
of the new fall session, the high
court also:.
Refuse To Consider
-Rejected petitions for recon-
sideration of a numhber of its ma-
jor decisions of last term. These
included its holdings that the
Communist party must register as
an agency of the Soviet Union and
its decision upholding state blue
laws against commercial activi-
ties on Sunday.
-Refused to review the Federal
Communications Commission or-
der cancelling the 1957 award of
TV channel 10 in Miami.
UAW, Ford Announce
Accord on Two Issues;
British Shift
Cabinet Posts
LONDON (P) - Prime Minister
Harold Macmillan yesterday
shifted two powerful British min-
isters-Iain MacLeod and R. A.
Butler-to new posts in the most
spectacular cabinet shakeup since
Suez.,
MacLeod, 47, moved out as
colonial secretary-a post he has
filled for two years. His liberal
African policies had drawn fire
from white settler leaders and the
right wing of his own Conservative
party. Later; when he seemed to
back-pedal, Negro leaders turned
on him..
Macmillan gave him instead the
chairmanship of the Conservative
party and made him leader of the
House of Commons.
Butler, 59, gave way to MacLeod
as Conservative party and House
leader. He stayed on as home sec-
retary in charge of internal affairs.
Butler also moved in as Mac-
millan's special assistant with au-
thority to supervise Britain's bid
to join Europe's common market.
There is suspicion that both men
have been kicked upstairs. Both
lost jobs they had set their hearts
on keeping.
The departure of MacLeod in
particular from the Colonial Office
appeared certain to arouse misgiv-
ings of independence-seeking lead-
ers in Britain's shrinking empire.
ByThursday
Negotiators To Debate
Paid Representatives,
Production Standards
DETROIT(P)-Negotiators for
the Ford Motor Co. and United
Auto Workers Union announced
agreement on two major problems
last night and said only two stum-
bling blocks remain in the path of
a settlement of a nationwide Ford
strike which began last Tuesday.
Walter P. Reuther, UAW presi-
dent, said "we are going to drive
for a settlement in advance of the
Ford. National Council . meeting
Thursday."
Earlier yesterday Reuther had
summoned the 180-member Ford
Council to review progress toward
an agreement ona three-year na-
tional contract with Ford.r
Enough Time
"We've got plenty of time-2%/2
days-to reach settlement," Reu-
ther told newsmen, following a
10 minute session early last eve-
ning.
Reuther said the two remaining
issues are additional company-
paid full-time union representa-
tives in Ford plants and produc-
tion standards.
Agreements were formalized in
the brief session on problems in-
volving outside contracting of tool
and die work and outside contract-
ing of maintenance work.
Reuther said it would be more
difficult to get all local bargaining
units settled by the Thursday
meeting. Thirty-two such units
remain unsettled of a total of 85.
Denise'Agrees
Malcolm L. Denise, 'Ford vice-
president-labor relations, agreed
with Reuther's time assessment on
the national contract but said sev-
eral of the locals "are still pretty
tough nuts to crack."
Reuther appeared happy with
the agreements on outside con-
tracting. He said in the tool and
die field it will "give our people
a chance for the first time to .sit
down and explore the problem in
advance."
The issue of outside contracting
arises when the company seeks to
employ firms for specific jobs
rather than do work in its own
"plants.
To Meet Today
The next meeting of the na-
tional bargaining committeesnas
scheduled for 10 a.m. today.
Reuther said local unions which
have not resolved their local de-
mands should step up their bar-
gaining efforts and try to settle
before coming to the National
Council meeting.
Meanwhile, the UAW concen-
trated yesterday on a key threat
to its historic profit-sharingrcon-
tract with American Motors Corp.
The status of the AMC contract
was clouded over the weekend
when Kenosha, Wis., local 72voted
to reject the profit-sharing con-
tract covering 23,000 hourly work-
ers in five UAW locals.
Chiang Cides
United Nations
TAIPEI iA)-Nationalist China's
President Chiang Kai-shek as-
serted yesterday that the United
Nations, "built to safeguard peace,
is now openly bowing to brute
force." 1
He blamed this on what he
called deliberate disruptions by
the Communist bloc aided by neu-
tralist speculators.
Chiang's remarks were includ-
ed in a statement marking the
50th anniversary of the 1911
China mainland revolution that
led to the creation of the Repub-
lie of China.
Chiang declared that Commu-
nist Outer Mongolia "is trying to
trn.. i-- TTHT
Only
Two Blocks Left
May Reaeh
Settlement
Man, Fruitfly Share Pattern'
Of Increasing Populations
By MICHAEL OLINICK
Man, if you press Prof. Marston Bates for an analogy, is like a pack
of fruitflies in a jar.
The fruitfiies will nultiply their numbers to the limit which the
jar can sustain, Prof. Bates of the zoology department said last night.
If you enlarge the jar, the numbers will correspondingly rise
In this manner, we can picture the population behavior pattern of
man as based on a series of new and larger jars.
First Jar
From his first jar (the limits of a food consumer economy), man
jumped into a bigger-one via the Neolithic revolution which turned
<" him into a' food producer. This
revolution came about 10 or 12,000
years ago and changed man's re-
lations with the biological com-
munity, Prof. Bates said.
f Sin es The next changing of the jars
came about 3,000 B.C. when the
development of grains which were
earily stored and easily trans-
ported made the "urban revolu-
tion" possible and, thus, the incep-
tion of civilization and specializa-
tion.
I I
SURPRISE
New York Wins Fifth and Final Game 'c
CINCINNATI (P)-The Powerful New York Yankees won their
19th World Series in a five-game romp over outclassed Cincinnati,
crushing the Reds in a humiliating 13-5 barrage yesterday in the
loosely played finale.
With Mickey Mantle and Yogi Berra both out of action due to
injuries, the American League champs still mounted a 15-hit attack
against a parade of eight Cincinnati pitchers, the most ever used by
one team in a -series game.
Johnny Blanchard, Mantle's replacement, slammed a two-run
homer as the Yankees routed loser Joey Jay in a five-run first in-
ning. Hector Lopez, subbing for Berra,,'smashed a three-run homer
off Bill Henry during another five-run explosion in the fourth.
All during the warm, summery afternoon the muscular Yanks
battered the Reds' pitchers, and also took advantage of three errors
by Cincinnati's sloppy defense to run up the score.
The crowd of 32,589 had only two chances to cut loose in full
The next fivecenturies saw little
change in the dimensions of the
jar, so the population remained
basically static, Prof. Bates told
the Washtenaw County League for
Planned Parenthood.
Then came the Industrial Revo-
lution of the 18th Century and the
"marriage" of science and industry
in the 20th.
All these substitutions and en-
largements of the jars account in
part for the "Prevalence of People"
today, the theme of Prof. Bates'
.. ;: .