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- Seventy-Second Year
EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNivERSrrY OF MICHIGAN
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Truth Will Prevail"
Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily expressthe individual opinions of staff writers
or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints.
SIMILAR IN METHODS AND VALUES:
Khrushchev and Welch Blood Brother
Y, FEBRUARY 21, 1962
NIGHT EDITOR: MICHAEL HARRAH'
The Race for Progress
Is Not the Race for War
ESHALL no longer wonder about the stars,
we shall visit them.
The successful orbital flights of John Glenn,
Yuri Gargarin and Gherman Titov have proved
this. It is important that both countries at-
tempting space ventures have succeeded.
It seems obvious that the race to space is
indeed a game of competition. It seems obvious
that the race to space often has objectives
centered on the, earth. And it seems obvious
tlat the race to space is just a game of war.
These perceptions often lead to cynicism
and unreasoned bitterness. Yes, the Russians
put a man up there first. Yes, the American
Spneech 100
EACH SEMESTER future teachers troop to-
wards the registration tangle marked 'Speech
100.' And each semester a majority of these
students receive three hours credit for a course
whic h essentially does them no good.
Speech 100 is aimed at future public speak-
ers. It is not aimed at the majority of the
students required to take the course in order
to receive a teaching certificate or be admitted
to the school of education. Teachers need a
special course since they are faced with a dif-
ferent type of speaking situation.
A teacher need not know how to make con-
cluding remarks so as to influence an audience
nor how to use quick, "cute" devices to attract
attention. What they do need is to learn how
to communicate as teachers to students, a very
4pecialized form of public speaking.
T WOULD REQUIRE very little extra work
for the speech department to split the speech
sections into some for teachers only and some
for students interested in public speaking.
Special sections for teachers could be de-
voted to the various techniques used in present-
ing classroom lectures, discussion groups and
other areas of oral communication used In
classes.
~ Textbooks now used which devote chapters
to the "after-dinner speech" and "stagefright"
would be replaced with new books dealing with
the uses of visual aids (blackboards, charts and
graphs) in the classroom, selections of subjects
and methods of presentation for student re-
ports and the teacher's role in a classroom dis-
cussion.
Through these innovations teachers would
be taking a required course which would be
useful when they go to work. The required
speech course should be' constructed on the
premise that teachers will be, in class in the
future. Otherwise they will continue to waste
three hours of class a week.
--ELLEN SILVERMAN
Educating Ca
HE PROBLEM of student responsibility is
faced after every panty raid, before every
decision -made by the Administration and be-
fore and during every student body vote for
Student Government Council members.
At the center of the problem is that body
of undergraduates, graduates and assorted
species who can act individually with utmost
lack of taste and respect, and yet at times have
acted responsibly and maturely.
The simple question is how to increase stu-
dent responsibility. The first answer is to com-
bat lack of information and the lack of con-
sciousness about on-campus issues. Referen-
dums like the one on the National Student
Association and an election for Council mem-
bers require an educated student body.
WHAT IS NEEDED, and immediately, is an
all-campus orientation program. Lectures,
seminars, literature are orthodox educational
methods which could be implemented simply
and quickly.
A motion could be brought up at SGC stat-
ing that Council will institute a lecture series
on problems, current issues, institutions and
personalities at the University. "The image"
of the University, as expounded by President
Harlan Hatcher, is a fruitful area for explora-
tion.
As a future proposal, SGC could consider a
program like the Freshman Seminar, currently
used at the University of Illinois. Approximate-
ly 100 freshmen are chosen, after selective
testing, to participate in what is essentially an
educational program for the Student Senate.
Many campus leaders, in all areas, have come
out of this training ground.
The Seminar is not a cure-all for the ills
Editorial Staff
JOHN ROBERTS, Editor
PHILIP SHERMAN FAITH WEINSTEIN
City Editor Editorial Director
SUSAN FARRELL............Personnel Director
PETER STUART .... ...............Magazine Editor
MICHAEL BURNS........ .........Sports Editor
PAT GOLDEN ...................Associate City Editor
RICHARD OSTLING .;.....Associate Editorial Director
DAVID ANDREWS ............Associate Sports Editor
CLIFF MARKS................Associate Sports Editor
press wil claim a victory for our man and
belittle the Russian achievement. Indeed, the
American public will become complacent and
feast on the fruits of pride. The, public will
claim victory and President Kennedy can mark
up an accomplishment for his administration.
NONE OF THESE views are valid. Today is
a day of achievement-for all men-only,
we must take a longer view of history to
realize its significance.
'Science and invention have often been viewed
as the cause of war and destruction. Often
the evils of life have been attributed to pro-
gress. The coming of the cotton gin, the
idea of an assembly line, the splitting of the
atom and the invention of the airplane have
all been viewed with horror sometime during
the course of history.
However, all of these have bettered the
world in the long run. In fact, it is the
forces that restrain progress and inhibit the
advancement of the intellectual frontier that
cause the death and destruction so often at-
tributed toprogress. It was not the splitting of
the atom that built the atom bomb nor was
it the invention of the airplane that led to
death in World War I. Rather, wars destroy
and inhibit the progress of man. The atmos-
phere of progress is not the atmosphere of
war.
The spiral of cynicism in some and com-
placency in others that will result from the
astronaut's flights is the force that will create
a war, not the flights themselves.
IT IS EASY to say we are headed towards
war and we are headed towards space, hence
the race to space will cause the war. It is
harder to say that with or without the space
race we will have war We always make excuses,
yet every few decades, like lemmings, we
plunge ourselves into the sea of destruction.
Progress is separate from destruction. Its
victories are the victories of mankind; its
defeats are the defeats of mankind. If we have
a war, it will not be the fault of man's urge
to advance further, it will be he fault of
men who would impede this urge through terror
and stupidity.
The space race is, therefore, not a game of
war. It does, however, represent two efforts
to achieve one of man's goals. It is in this
respect that yesterday's flight marked real
success.
IE FLIGHT was not a success because we
did what the Russians did, nor was it a
success because we did what we could not do
before. It was a success because all of mankind
has achieved a step in the race to space-
in the race to a better world.
--FRED RUSSELL KRAMER
m pus Interest.
at the University of Illinois, nor would it be
for the University of Michigan, but it is a posi-
tive step toward a better educated student body.
This Freshman Seminar program could be ef-
fectively coordinated with the new orientation
plans under discussion by SGC. It could con-
tinue the work begun during Orientation Week
on, an intensified basis and could involve
many potentially qualified freshmen in campus
activity before they retreat into their dormi-
tory cubbyholes.
"CAMPUS CLOSE-UPS," a present orienta-
tion program, could be extended in scope
and depth, featuring University administrators
and faculty members, as well as student lead-
ers.
The committee system within SGC is an-
other effective organ through which to increase
\ responsibility and awareness. Often these com-
mittees stagnate or die for lack of interested
student participation and leadership. The bur-
den of the committees should not be left to
the Council members alone. These committees
can increase student-Council contact while
increasing student interest in SGC and the
campus at large.
A committee presently operating is called
the Research Pool. Its function is to gather in-
formation for the Standing Committees. De-
spite Daily advertisements, there have been no
applications for membership and the committee
continues to lack full strength and power. If
Council educates students about the existence
of these committees, need people and are in-
teresting opportunities for campus activities
could be accomplished, then a worthwhile group
like the Research Pool would not be ignored
by the campus.
WHEN COUNCIL voted down the Glick-
Robert's motion on Authority Over Student
Rules and Conduct, it expressed a fear that
students could not handle responsibility. SGC
did not feel the average student had the capa-
bility to make his own rules and to abide by
them.
Ironically, SGC has allowed a referendum to
pass which will allow students to decide if they
wish to remain in the National Student Asso-
ciation. SOC's confused philosophy reflects
political interests mainly, but the problem still
nn nv ..A ,._. __--
By KENNETH WINTER
Daily Staff Writer
THEY MAY never become fra-
ternity brothers, but Robert
Welch and Nikita S. Khrushchev
have quite a lot in common.
Most obvious and notorious are
the similarities in their methods
of pursuing their goals. Many
writers have noted that Welch's
John Birch Society uses Commu-
nist tactics - front groups, infil-
tration, extra-legal activities, dis-
tortion of history, and iinonolithic
organization.
Anti-Communist Welch has a
defense for these activities. Refer-
ring to a proposed smear campaign
in the Birch magazine "American
Opinion", he declares, "the . .
technique, when used skillfully in
this way, is mean and dirty. But
the Communists we are after are
meaner and dirtier, and too slip-
pery for you to put your fingers
on them in the ordinary way ..."
At another point, after outlining
the centrally-dominated organiza-
tion of the Birch Society, he gen-
erously allows that this idea is
based on a principle originated by
Lenin. "And we are, in fact, willing
to draw on all successful human
experience, so longas it does not
involve any sacrifice of morality
in the means used to achieve an
end."
** *
WHEN T)flE end to be achieved
is one of the Birch Society's goals,
morality stretches pretty far -
far enough, in fact, to include most
of the Communists' own tactics.
But let someone with different
aims use the same methods and
Mr. Welch's elastic morality snaps
back into a tight little ball. That
person, be he Joseph Stalin or
Dwight D. Eisenhower, is now not
only immoral, but a dedicated,
Conscious Agent of The Commu-
nist Conspiracy.
An interesting thought: couldn't
someone have a ball using Welch's
methods to "prove" that the John
Birch Society is a Communist
front?
DESPITE THE moral inconsis-
tencies and devious procedures of
the John Birch Society, we must
consider another question before
flatly condemning the group. We,
as Americans, feel that our so-
ciety, even with its faults, is pref-
erable to Communism.
Since the Communists would like
to impose their way of life upon
us, should we not look upon the
Birch Society as a defending army,
and forgive them their methods, as
we forgive acts of murder com-
mitted by our Army in war? After
all, certainly Mr. Welch's ideology
is preferable to Mr. Khrushchev's.
* * *
OR IS IT? One clue to Mr.
Welch's picture of an ideal Amer-
ica is given by his comments on
nations of today. He sums up the
era of Trujillo as "the best and
most humane government the Do-
minican Republic has had since
1821 . .
He disclosed that Portugal, un-
der the "direction" of Antonio Sal-
azar, "has enjoyed both tranquility
and, in proportion to her resources,
prosperity." He happily notes that
Salazar's iron rule has established
"the most stable government in
Europe," and points out that Por-
tugal has been one of the few en-
lightened countries to realize "that
'democracy' was a luxury she could
not afford." He also praised Sala-
zar's Angola policy, and adds, "it
is to be hoped that he has prepared
a successor of comparable wis-
dom," Welch has similar praise for
such utopias as Spain and the Un-
ion of South Africa.
For most of the rest of the
world's governments (including
America's), Mr. Welch has varying
degrees of contempt. His degree of
contempt for a nation, of course, is
directly proportional to the per-
centage of Communist domination
over its government (which Mr.
Welch has helpfully summed up
in precise figures. The United
States, in case you hadn't noticed,
is 40-60 per cent Communist-con-
trolled)
IT BECOMES apparent that
Welch's values are based on one
thing: anti-Communism. And here
the first similarity of values be-
tween him and Khrushchev ap-
pears: though their political ideals
are on the opposite end of the
"left-right" spectrum, both say,
in effect, "Whatever advances my
political ideal is Good, True and
Beautiful; whatever opposes it is
evil, false and despicable. There is
no middle ground - you're for me,
or you're against me."
With this as a base, other paral-
lels between Marxist and Bircher
may be drawn. They are less ob-
vious and less notorious than the
superficial organizational similar-
ities, but more important.
Khrushchev and Welch share a
disbelief in the wisdom and per-
ceptiveness of the common man".
A basic tenet of Communism is
that the average proletarian is too
stupid to know that Communism is
The True Way. So, the enlightened
Party must force this poor clod to
join the revolution, for his own
good.
Welch condemns democracy be-
cause it does not protect the nation
from "the voters' gullibility" and
"the sudden whims of the elector-
ate" (which have been especially
whimsical in the last thirty years,
since Mr. Welch does not agree
with them). In short, he agrees
with the Communists that people
must be protected from them-
selves - a sort of compulsory "in
loco parentis" for everybody.
* * *
YET BOTH Khrushchev and
Welch seem to expect a change in
human nature at some utopian
moment in the future. At this
point authoritarian control over
men can safely be minimized. For
Khrushchev, "the state will wither
away" and all comrades will be
free, happy and full of socialist
love. Welch's ideal is "less govern-
ment, more responsibility for the
individual. Suddenly, the gullible
voter becomes a responsible indi-
vidual.
.Under the all-embracing import-
ance of their respective ideologies,
Khrushchev and Welch are able to
rationalize a long list of injustices.
Marxism makes a noble institution
of torture, mass murder and ag-
g r e s s i o n: "anti-Communism"
sanctions dictatorship, bigotry and
cruelty.
And finally, both men, dogmat-
ically committed to the correctness
of their beliefs, feel justified
in imposing them upon others.
Khrushchev, being in a position of
great power, can do so more blunt-
ly and forcibly. Welch is less suc-
cessful; he must resort to name-
calling, innuendo and other emo-
tional tricks in his attempts to im-
pose his "American ideals" upon
America. But he does all he can;
given more power, he would un-
doubtedly do more.
IN ITSELF, the Birch Society is
hardly worth denouncing any more
- today in this nation it is almost
as frequently and safely attacked
as the Communists. But the char-
acteristics it represents - those
which, as we have said, it shares
with Communism - are worth
pointing out and remembering.
These ideologies and methods must
be equally opposed when used by
any group, no matter how much
we may agree or disagree with its
economic or social theories.
In this way, we can recognize
and fight future Khrushchevs and
Welches; and at the same time
avoid the mistake of calling liber-
alism, socialism and Communism
the same thing, and equating cap-
italism, conservatism and the radi-
cal right.
. EDGAR HOOVER: "The Communist Party has operated hun-
dreds of major fronts in practically every field of Party agitation."
Robert Welch: The John Birch Society must organize "little fronts,
big fronts, temporary fronts, permanent fronts, all kinds of fronts."
* * * *
J. Edgar Hoover: "The Party desperately seeks to infiltrate .. .
civic and community groups. It desires to make these organiza-
tions, in various ways, serve Party interests."
Robert Welch: Instructions to Society members - "Join your local
PTA ... get your conservative friends to do likewise, and go to work to
take it over.. . when you and your friends get your local PTA straight-
ened out, move up the ladder as soon as you can to exert a wider in-
fluence."
* * * *
Constitution of the United States Communist Party: "The
National Committee is the highest authority of the Party . . . a
Party member shall accept the Party program."
Robert Welch: We shall build the organizational framework from
the bottom up ... in order to keep strict and careful control on what
every chapter is doing, and even every member of every chapter ..
William Z. Foster, former Communist leader: "Communist
parties, in line with Lenin's teachings, constantly strengthen the
fiber of their organization by cleansing their ranks of elements that
have become confused, corrupted, worn-out, or defeated." Party
leader Earl Browder was expelled for "developing factional activity
and for betraying the principles of Marxism-Leninism."
Robert Welch: "Those members which cease to feel the necessary
degree of loyalty can either resign or will be put out before they build
up any splintering following of their own inside the Society. We're not
going to have factions developing on the two-sides-to-every-question
theme."
Nikita S. Khrushchev: "The guiding spirit of the German
militarists (of World War II) was in the imperialist forces of the
Western powers."
Robert Welch: World War II was largely due to "the world-wide
diplomatic conniving of Stalin's agents for the advantage of making a
wartime ally of the Western nations, and for the sake of the chaos
and resulting opportunities the war would provide."
(In neither of these revisions of history is Hitler left with the
major blame.)
V. I. Lenin: "The only choice is: either bourgeois or socialist
ideology. There is no middle course."
Welch, too, is prone to thinking in either-or terms: "Either you,
and tens of thousands like you, come into the John Birch Society ...
or in a very few years you will, by force, be devoting all to the main-
tenance of a Communist slave state."
* * * *
U.S. Communist Party statement: ". . . in the United States
fascism is being carried through under the mask of democracy."
Robert Welch: "Democracy is simply a deceptive phrase, a weapon
of demagoguery, and a perennial fraud."
GLENN FLIGHT:
Three Orbits:
Jst A Sart
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR:
O t IDOTt s-
Living in Sororities
The Insider's. View
To the Editor:
I[AVING read The Daily's edi-
torial on sorority rush and liv-
ing in Sunday's edition, we feel the
necessity to give our views on "the
gay, light and wonderful" image
of sorority life. Although our ex-
perience is limited to one semester
of sorority living (in contrast to
the broad, second-hand, exper-
ience of Miss Wacker and Miss
Holmes, who in light of the ac-
curacy of their information have
not even rushed) we would like to
present a truly pro-view of sor-
ority living.
First, may we set you straight on
a few points of misinformation:
1) Sorority girls occasionally
emerge from their homey houses
on Washtenaw and Hill to attend
classes, visit friends in the dorm,
partake in campus activities and,
in general, mix with the multitude.
2) Our smiles are meant to put
a rushee at ease and to express our
sincere welcome.
3) Parties during mixers last for
a period of 40 minutes during
which a rushee may meet from
three to five or six actives.
4) Speaking from personal ex-
perience,- topics of conversation
have ranged from kibbutzes and
Michigan politics to something as
"light, gay, and wonderful" as our
homey furnishings.
5) It has also been our exper-
ience that we choose individuals
to live in our house in the same
manner as we select our friends. It
is absurd to assume that our stan-
dards consist of material posses-
sions, connections, and personal
appearance. One does not live with
epithets, but human beings. Your
statement is an insult to our in-
tegrity, and it falsely associates
all sororities with shallowness and
superficiality. We are University
women, and attribute to ourselves
the maturity and independence
which is automatically attributed
to the independent.
6) Contrary to The Daily's un-
just statement, we welcome strong,
opposing opinions. There is no
magic transformation during the
move from the dorm to the soror-
ity house. Each person retains her
individuality and during rush is
interested in meeting other indi-
viduals, not the stereoetyped
"cool" girl.
7) We resent Miss Wacker's im-
plication that a "truly liberal edu-
cation" cannot be had by those
living in a sorority house. We are
not gay socialites, who think and
move along only one line. That
is as unfair as assuming The Daily
to be Communistic.
accepting' and rejecting those of
others, while deepening our under-
standing of ourselves. Because one
cannot shelter herself from these
views, friendships have resulted in
a respect for not in a submission to
others. Consequently, the only
"oneness" that exists in a sorority
is formed through the bond of
friendship and respect, not group
dictates.
We recognize that it is not a
perfect system. Rush is sometimes
unnervingly systematic, but be-
cause of the time limit and endless
number of rushees, it must' be
highly organized. The human ele-
ment redeems the seemingly me-
chanical procedures. The warmth
and genuine interest of an active
toward a rushee supercedes the
necessary regimentation.
The "pretty wonderful things"
of sorority living were mistakenly
defined. We hope we have shown
that they certainly are not mani-
fest in kitchen odors or rolling
green lawns, and only a small part
is contained in social advantages
or security. These opinions reflect
our personal experiences and are
sincerely expressed to eradicate
the misconceptions aroused by
your article.
--Katy Ford, '64
-Marty Gough, '64
DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN
The Daily Official Bulletin is an
official publication of The Univer-
sity of Michigan for which The
Michigan Daily assumes no editorial
responsibility. Notices should be
sent in TYPEWRITTEN 'form to
Room 3564 Administration Building
before 2 p.m., two days preceding
publication.
WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 21
General Notices'
The First Installment, covering at
least half of Spring Semester fees, is
due and payable on or before Feb. 26.
Engineers: "Your Negotiations for
Employment" will be discussed by Prof.
John G. Young, director, Engineering
Placement, wed., Feb. 21, and Thurs.,
Feb. 22, at 4:00 p.m. in 311 west Engi-
neering. All interested students are in-
vited and engineers who expect to
graduate this year are especially urged
to attend one of these meetings.
The persons listed below have been
selected as ushers for the remainder
of the Choral Union and Extra Series
Concerts, and they must pick up their
tickets at the Box Office of Hill Audi-
torium, on Wed., Feb. 21, from 5 p.m.
to 6, p.m. The list follows: Richard H.
Barchi, Kathleen Burgess, Ronald Barn-
hart, Sanford Cohen, Charles Edward
Carson, R. Terry Czerwinski, Gerald S.
CookM Mary Eberhadrt, Robert B. Gwyn,
Steven H. Greene, Robert Greenes, Car-
ole Greenes, Larry Gottlieb, David A.
Huisman, John Hughes, Kimi Hokama,
Bernard Heideman, Edward H. Hohman,
Koibrun Ingimarsdottir, Marty Iser,
Marcia Ilton, JoAnne Ivory, Diane Jac-
obson, Harriet Johnson, Norma Kerlin,
Ronald Jay Krone, Youngsock C. Kim,
Hyun K. Kim, Mervyn Joel Klein.
Also, Paul Scheel Larsen, Thomas R.
T.eTe. n.is L.udwicr Jeanne Ann
Regents' Meeting: Fri., March 16.
Communications for consideration at
this meeting must be in the President's
hands not later than March 6. Please
submit TWENTY copies of each com-
munication.
History Make-Up 'Examinations will
be held Sat., March 3, 9-12 a.m. in
Room 25 Angell Hall. Please consult
your instructor and then sign the list
in the History Office, 3601 Haven Hall.
Applications for the Selective Service
college qualification test are now being
distributed at the Ann Arbor Selective
Service Board, 103 East Liberty. Appli-
cations must be in by March 27, 1962.
Events Wednesday
Stanley Quartet: The Stanley Quar-
tet will present a recital on Wed.,
Feb. 21, 8:30 p.m. in the Rackham
Lecture Hall. The Quartet will perform
for the first time in Ann Arbor a com-
missioned work by Ulysses Kay, dedi-
cated to the Stanley Quartet and writ-
ten in 1961. Other compositions to be
performed are by Haydn and Beet-
hoven. Open to the public without
charge.
Public Lecture: Dr. Joseph Mersand,
Jamaica High School, L.I., will speak
on, "The Satisfactions of Teaching
English in High School," at 4:10 p.m.,
Wed., Feb. 21, in Aud. A.
Events Thursday
The Seminar in Mathematical Statis-
tics will meet on Thurs., Feb. 22, at 4
p.m. in 3201 Angell Hall. Prof. D. A.
Jones will speak "On Nonparametric Es-
timation."
Discussion: "Cross Cultural Encoun-
ter." Potential factors of tension in
inter-cultural dating & marriage, by Dr.
& Mrs. David Mace, at 7:30 p.m. in
the multi-purpose room of the Under-
By RONALD WILTON
Daily Staff Writer
T HE FLIGHT of astronaut' John
Glenn around the earth is a
significant step in the conquest
of space, especially from the
American point of view. Unfortun-
ately, the publicity and the un-
controllable delayshwhich have
'built up tension, the shot will
probably have one bad result. It
will leave the impression in many
American's minds that we are
ahead of the Russians in the space
race.
When one talks about who is
ahead in the space race there. are
two criteria which are ,usually
used. The first of these is the
amount of information a satellite
ors probe sends back from space.
This is the criteria which many
people in the. United States use
because by and large we are ahead
in this.
Our satellites, although much
lighter than those of Russia have
been more numerous and more
specialized. Such satellites s Tiros,
which sends back pictures of cloud
formations and other data affect-
ing weather; Courier and Echo
which are testing various methods
of communication relay systems;
Transit, which is the forerunner
of an operational navigation satel-
lite system and others have given
us specialized information that
will eventually lead to the com-
mercial exploitation of space.
*' * *
THE SECOND CRITERIA is the
amount ' of payload a nation is
able to place in space. This is the
criteria used when a manned shot
is involved because the weight of
the capsule that the carrier rocket
can lift will determine the num-
ber of men to be carried, the num-
ber of possible orbits, the height
of the orbits, and the type of re-
covery system used. The weight
placed in orbit depends upon the
thrust (power) of the carrier
rocket and in this area the Rus-
sians are definitely ahead of us.
The first stage of the rocket
used to put Gagarin and Titov in
orbit has been estimated by our
scientists to have from 800,000 to
1 million pounds of thrust. The
Atlas, which was the rocket used
to send Glenn into. orbit, has a
thrust of 360 thousand pounds.
The effect of this can be seen
by the fact that Glenn's Mercury
capsule weighed around 2,000
pounds whereas the Vostok capsule
used by the two Russians weighed
over 10 thousand pounds. Further-
more, the Vostok carried equip-
ment which enabled its occupants
to come down over earth whereas
Glenn was forced to come down in
the water because the Mercury
capsule is unable to carry the
la~ninu Pfminment neesarv to
two or more men into a week long
orbit.
THE GLENN FLIGHT is im-
portant for the United States be-
cause it is our first orbital flight
and it has supplied us with infor-
mation which we could not obtain
from thesuborbital shots of
Sheppard and Grissom.
But the flight of Glenn should
not be thought of in terms of a
victory for the United States any
more than the flights of Gagarin
and Titov were victories for the
Russians. Space flight belongs to
the human race as a whole; the
science that supports it has been
developed by the race as a whole
and ther are no national boun-
daries in space.
Unfortunately the international
situation in the world today have
made space exploits a part of
national policy; and they must be
viewed in this context because
national considerations are among
the strongest factors in getting
financial support for space pro-
jects. The United States had no
space program to speak of until
the Russians sent up Sputnik I
and startled us out of our apathy.
One of the biggest reasons,Pres-
ident Kennedy supports a program
to put an American on the moon
is the fact that we have been
second in three important space.
events (the first satellite, the
first to hit the moon, and the
first man) and American prestige
around the world has suffered ac-
cordingly. As long as the United
States is worried about its position
in the space race it will support a
space program.
* * * ,.
ONE TROUBLE with the Glenn
shot is that its significance will
be exaggerated. Rightly proud
over its success, Americans will
soon magnify it to the/point where
they will claim that we are equal
to the Russians and even in posi-
tion to pull away.
The press, knowing that this is
what the public wants to hear
after several years of Russian
first, will probably join the band-
wagon without giving a compre-
hensive analysis of the position
of the two countries, an analysis
which could only show the USSR
ahead. The greatest danger lies in
the chance that this public as-
surance will be reflected in Con-
gress, accompanied by demands
for a cut in the appropriations for
space programs, or at least a
speed-up of military space systems
in place of civilian programs. Such
a cut, if affected would be a disas-
ter for mankind as well as the
United States.
'* * *
ONE DAY in the future when
+fi w,,nrl1 Awll'h ,a roanA i+i
IN CONCLUSION we would like
to say that we have found while
being a part of a very personal
living situation, we have been ex-
posed to, but not forced to accept,
standards, opinions, and basic
philosophies which may differ
from our own.
Because of this, we have been
forced to examine our own values,