SUNDAY, MAY 13,1962
Church Defends
Spanish Miners'
Right of Striking
MADRID M)-Spain's striking miners and industrial workers got
a boost from an organ of the Catholic Church yesterday and there
were indications Gen. Francisco Franco may try to settle the walkouts
by granting better wages.
Some 70,000 men-mostly coal miners in Asturias province and
workers in industrial areas around Bilbao in the Basque country of
the north remained on strike in an unusual wave of labor trouble for
Spain. But there was no indication that the work stoppages were
r tspreading, and some government
THE MICHIGAN DAILY AGE TE
FRANSCISCO FRANCO
... Church aid
ORAN :
Algerians
Set Voting
ALGIERS OP) - The Algerian
Provisional Executive has decided
on Sunday, July 1, as the date for
Algeria's self-determination ref-
erendum, informants said last
night.
Earlier last night the Algerian
provisional executive- ordered hte
breakup of the municipal govern-
ment in Oran and a buildup of
Moslem sharpshooters to meet se-
cret Army terrorism there.
A large Moslem security force
was ordered by Algiers.
The drastic new measures came
after three days of meetings be-
tween the provisional executive,
headed by Aberrahmane Fares,
- and the French high commission-
er, Christian Fouchet, on prepara-
tions for a new campaign to end
the European Secret Army's
slaughter of Moslems.
The decisions announced by the
executive from its headquarters
at Rocher Noir outside this city
ordered dissolution of the Oran
municipal council.
sources expressed the hope the
movement had reached its crest.
The Roman Catholic weekly
magazine Eclesia, official publica-
tion of the. Spanish Catholic ac-
tion, defended the workers' right
to strike as "a natural and Chris-
tian right."
At the same time sources in Bil-
bao said Basque Catholic priests
had been actively supporting the
walkout of industrial workers from
nearly a dozen important factories.
The Catholic weekly is not sub-
ject to government censorship
which has kept most news of the
labor crisiskout of the Spanish
press. But Eclesia's editorials must
have approval of the church lead-
ership.
With some of the Asturias mine
strikes entering t h e i r second
month, there were indications that
Franco's government has decided
to speed a settlement, not by the
old-fashioned method of force and
pressure, but by ordering negotia-
tion of broadly based labor agree-
ments.
Officials would not say what
plan Franco and his cabinet adopt-
ed at a day-long meeting Friday.
But official sources indicated it
was a scheme based on better pay
for improved production.
Many Spanish workers keep
families on wages of 40 to 60
pesetas a day. It takes 66 pesetas
to equal a dollar.
Asturias' miners, who spearhead-
ed the strike movement, are paid
better than -most. Citing higher
living costs, they have been de-
manding the equivalent of about
$2.10 a day, compared with their
present $1.40 to $1.60 a day in or-
der to get on the same wage level
with soiie industrial workers who
recently got increases.
Franco officials shouted "Com-
munist inspiration" when the first
strikes began. But they appeared
to be coming around to the idea
that economic rather than politi-
cal demands were the basis of
most strikes.
Some pro-Communist under-
ground groups have been nibbling
at the fringes of the labor crisis,
but they seem to have had little
success in attracting support.
See Easing
Of Socialist
Farm Plant
HAVANA (P)--Indications mul-
tiplied yesterday that the Fidel
Castro government is easing its
socialist farm policies in the inter-
est of smaller farmers hit by ear-
lier measures of the revolutionary
regime.
Foreign observers cited a speech
by Prime Minister Castro saying
that farms poorly administered by
the government would be return-
ed to their owners if necessary.
Another sign of a softening of
the line was a resolution adopted
by the National Agrarian Reform
Institute telling farmers they are
free to slaughter cattle, hogs, sheep
and chickens on their own prop-
erty without requesting authority.
They also may sell the meat, but
not to middlemen.
The Castro speech, delivered a
month ago but made public only
this week, acknowledged difficul-
ties between the government and
farmers due, among other things,
to intervention. This is the admin-
istration of private property by the
state, a move one step away from
outright nationalization.
A few days before the speech,
the government had returned to
private ownership at least three
farms it had been administering.
Ball Deplores
Expropriation
HOT SPRINGS, Va. (/P)-Un-
dersecretary of State George W.
Ball told American businessmen
last night that "gunboat diplo-
macy" is dead, but he promised
vigorous United States govern-
ment support in making sure they
get fair treatment for their en-
terprises in foreign countries.
In an address prepared for a
dinner meeting of the Business
Council here, Ball deplored out-
right expropriation of United
States property by foreign gov-
ernments or what he called "creep-
ing expropriation" through tax
and other measures.
W 117 m1A11i 'a ai
BRITISH ECONOMY:
Employers, Workers
Avert Docki Strike
LONDON () - A threatened national dock strike that would
have plunged Britain into a state of emergency was called off last
night just over 24 hours before its deadline.
Dock union chiefs and port employers announced a settlement
after almost eight hours of negotiations at the Labor Ministry. Prime
Minister Harold Macmillan's government had mustered all its powers
of persuasion to head off the strike. The nation's 75,000 longshoremen
threatened to paralyze Britain'st -
ports starting at midnight today
in pursuit of their demand for
higher wages.
Employers Bow
The agreement came after the
employers bowed to the dockmen's
demand for increases of one shill-
ing sixpence (21 cents) a day. The
employers had offered at the start
one shilling (14 cents).
About 30,000 troops stood by at
key points throughout the land
ready to move into the ports in
the event of a strike call. Before
the agreement, Andrew Crichton,
chairman of the Port Employers'
Association, told newsmen "we are
on the absolute eve of what might
be a national disaster."
A strike would almost certainly
have forced the Macmillan govern-
ment to ask Queen Elizabeth II to
proclaim a state of national emer-
gency to keep vital foodstuffs and
raw materials needed to keep Brit-
ain going.
Throughout London
Throughout London's sprawling
docks network, meanwhile, more
than 90 ships were being feverish-
1y loaded or unloaded.
Employers had arranged for
longshoremen to work at expen-
sive piece-rates through last night
and today - right up to the mid-
night deadline.
Five ocean liners, including the
Queen Elizabeth, are due to dock
at Southhampton tomorrow. So
far none of the shipping lines in-
tend any rerouting.
The dispute with all its over-
tones of calamity, came at a time
when Macmillan's government is
reeling under a huge anti-Con-
servative vote in municipal elec-
tions throughout England and
Wales."
(EDITOR'S NOTE: Red China's
National People's Congress in Pei-
ping last month set agriculture, light
industry and heavy industry as the
new national priorities, in that or-
der. This analysis is based on in-
formation from diplomats of a doz-
en Western and neutralist states.)
By ARTHUR GAVSHON
Associated Press News Analyst
LONDON-The rice paddy is still
the boss of China, even Red China.
That hard lesson has been learn-
ed by the rulers of Peiping, from
Mao Tze-Tung down, in the past
three lean years of crop failure
and calamity.
Their discovery may produce a
chain reaction of profound impor-
tance to the peace of the world. It
has set back China's dreams of in-
dustrial greatness. And this is like-
ly to limit Peiping's capacity for
trouble-making in the rest of the
world.
Chinese Reliance
In turn, Chinese reliance on the
Soviet Union for big machines and
tooling installations has been re-
stored.
Moscow is left unchallenged, at
least for the time being, as capi-
tal of the Communist empire.
These conclusions have been
reached by non-Communist au-
thorities attempting to fathom Red
China's agonizing reappraisal of
policy.
Steady Trickle
A steady trickle of information
about the secret proceedings of the
Chinese National People's Congress
in Peiping last month appears to
support these suggested trends:
Tension between the Chinese
and Soviet Communist parties
lately has lessened. A trade pact
has recently been renegotiated.
But Mao and his followers in no
way have recanted their views on
the nature of Communist ideology
and strategy which Premier Nikita
Khrushchev finds heretical. Hos-
tility between the political leaders
of the two giant Communist states
remains bitter. Josef Stalin's, not
Khrushchev's, picture was featured
at Peiping's May Day celebration.
The Chinese are methodically
cutting back their program of
heavy industrialization and expan-
sion. Great railroad systems in the
southwest, designed to open up the
hinterland, have been abandoned.
The long-planned linkup between
the Great Trunk Railway through
Kansu and Sinkiang in the north-
west and Russia's central Asian
system remains unbuilt. Big
bridges and dam projects have
been started but postponed.
But the sudden suspension of
these operations has not yet been
accompanied by the shelving of
Red China's nuclear energy de-
velopment. The program to trans-
form the nation into a nuclear
power still ih edging ahead.
The Chinese leaders have not
eaten their words about the sacred
duty of Communist to spread their
revolution. But they have begun
to slow down the communization
of Tibet and a big part of their
garrison has been pulled out, pre-
sumably to help out in the food
and agricultural production emer-
-gency.
Control of grain and water has
become the major national pre-
occupation. This has been the re-
sult of administrative bungling as
well as natural disasters.
But there have been no sure
signs of local revolts of the sort
that marked the pre-Communist
era. The Red grip is still too
tight.
SOHSHOW
Mass meeting for
PUBLICITY and PROGRAM COMMITTEES
Wednesday, May 16
§IheIarCE uren S 4P
8 NICKELS ARCADE NO 2-2914
By The Associated Press
WASHINGTON-The United States conducted two more nuclear
tests yesterday-an air drop near Christmas Island in the Pacific and
an underground test in Nevada.
* * * *
REDLANDS, Calif.-A huge 10-foot-diameter, solid fuel rocket
motor-largest ever produced for the Air Force-was tested yesterday
for the first time. It contained many features to be used in future
solid fuel moon rockets.
* * * *
UNITED NATIONS - United Nations Undersecretary Ralph J.
Bunche said yesterday he "definitely would not consent to become a
candidate" for the United States Senate from New York.
* * * * s
LEOPOLDVILLE-President Joseph Kasavubu has declared a
state of emergency in Kivu province because of tensions among poli-
tical factions, a communique announced yesterday.
*
DUESSELDORF-Hans Luther, former chancellor and finance
minister of Germany in the Weimar Republic, died at his Duesseldorf
hiome yesterday. He was 83.
WASHINGTON--Two Senate investigators flew to Texas yester-
day with apparent assurances that Billie Sol Estes will talk to them
about complicated grain and cotton deals. Chairman John L. McClel-
lan (D-Ark) of the Senate Investigations Subcommittee which is
looking into possible Estes influence deals with high Washington offi-
cials, told a reporter he believes the indicted financier is ready to talk.
RIO DE JANEIRO-President John F. Kennedy will address Bra-
zil's congress in the new capital of Brazilia on July 31, a source close
to the foreign ministry said yesterday.
WASHINGTON-Aides said yesterday that Chairman J. William
Fulbright (D-Ark) of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee had
been ordered to bed for several days because of a ruptured blood
vessel.
WASHINGTON-President John F. Kennedy's proposal for tax
withholding on dividends and interest has improved its position in the
Senate Finance Committee, Democratic members said yesterday, but
is still far from being out of the woods.
11 Si
Chinese Crop Failure Alters Dream
I
HAROLD MACMILLAN
... ends strike
BAILEY:
School Bill
Adds Support
.For Patssage
WASHINGTON (P)-The fight
for federal aid to schools, which
blazed spectacularly on several
fronts last year, has quieted to a
sort of guerrilla warfare that is
beginning to show some prospects
of success.
With little outward assistance
from the Administration and con-
gressional leaders, a House sub-
committee is rounding up support
in hopes of fanning the sparks into
a full-scale offensive in the next
Congress.
Directing the low-keyed cam-
paign is Rep. Cleveland M. Bailey
(D-W Va). The aim is to win the
support of educators and the gen-
eral public for a bill Bailey has
introduced, and have them get
their congressmen to vote for it.
The core of Bailey's bill is a pro-
posal to channel federal funds di-
rectly to a state's educational
agency for use solely as the state
decides. He calls it "a states rights
education bill" and sees it as the
answer to opponents who say fed-
eral aid means federal control.
Cape Postpones
Carpenter Flight
CAPE CANAVERAL (A') - The
orbital flight of astronaut Mal-
colm Scott Carpenter was delayed
two days to May 19 because of
problems with the capsule's auto-
matic control system. The National
Aeronautics and Space Adminis-
tration officials indicated the
troubles, which cropped up two
days ago, were minor, but required
two days to correct and check out.
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