Seventy-Second Year
EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSrrY OF MICHIGAN
UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS
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Truth Will Prevail"
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LET'
Mackinac Bridg(
Paying Its Way
Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers
or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints.
Y, MARCH 2, 1962
NIGHT EDITOR: JUDITH OPPENHEIM
A Visit to JintJudie
By JOHN ROBERTS, Editor
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"9 a , t '.ir l v X . . Si . .__._ " . _i
ALTHOUGH Joint Judiciary sessions are
closed to the public, I recently was granted
the opportunity of sitting in on two meetings
to improve my understanding of how the coun-
ol operates. I was able to note in detail the
forms and procedures used, and also to observe
the attitudes, knowledge and perception of the
Council members. I can report that in all re-
spects, Joint Judiciary Council was far worse,
than I had expected. I came away appalled and
shaken.
Cases are brought to Judic by the assistant
dean of men for discipline and his female coun-
terpart, who get their information from several
sources. Sometimes the police get a complaint
and make an arrest, then turn the case over to
the University. Sometimes they refer the com-
plaint to the University, and Investigator
Swoverland investigates. Sometimes reports
come up through the University's security chan-
nels. And surprisingly often, according to As-
sistant Dean John Bingley, reports just drift
in over the grapevine.
When ,a violation is suspected, the offender
Is interviewed by the appropriate dean, who
may either deal with the case himself or refer
It to Joint Judic. If the dean chooses the latter
course, he prepares a brief statement of the
facts of the case for Council's use.
E COUNCIL convenes Thursdays at 7:15
p.m. in the Student Government Council
room. The doors are locked. The Council sits at
dne end of the large coffin-shaped table; Dean
Bingley and a representative from the dean of
women's office sit at a separate, smaller table.
the mimeographed statements of fact are look-
ad over. Someone then goes to the door and asks
lhe students involved to come in. They sit at
ihe table opposite the members of council and
ire asked to check the statement of factsfor
accuracy. Then the chairman of Joint Judic
reads the following statement:
"Your case has been referred to, us by
the Office of the Dean of Men. On the basis
of your testimony this evening and the
facts before us, this council will make a
decision. Our purpose is not to sit as a
court which merely invokes penalties, but
rather as a group o your pers trying to
achieve with you a better understanding of
a student's responsibility to the University
community. In order to make our decision
as just and equitable as possible, we ask
for your full cooperation in determining all
the facts relevant to this case.-
Next the members of Coudcil in no par-
icular order, question the students to learn
nore about the case and to determine, as far
is posible, how the students feel about it.
"his questioning takes about twenty minutes.
At its close, the chairman asks the students
f they have anything to add, and whether they
re under any extreme financial hardship while
ttending the University.
TEE COUNCIL next considers guilt, offense
and penalty in the absence of the students,
jho may be asked to remain outside until a
lecision has been reached, or sent home to be
atified by mail. These deliberations may take
half hour or more.
First, a consensus is established as to the
uilt or innocence of the parties. If it is agreed
hey are guilty, the more laborious task of
ormulating a charge begins. Several alterna-
1ye charges are usually suggested by Council
nembers, ,each beginning "Conduct unbecom-
ng a student in that he . . ." and ending with
6 description of the offense. This is usually, but
ot always, a paraphrasing of a University, city
.r state regulation. The council then votes to
.etermine the charge. A penalty is fixed in like
2anner
If the students involved were asked to wait
utside, they are then recalled and told the de-
ison and its rationale. The chairman informs
hem they may appeal to the Sub-Committee
n Discipline within 24 hours.
Copies of their record will be sent to their
rets and the schools in which they are en-
olled, the students are told, and fines are pay-
ble at Window 1 in the Administration Build-
qg before the end of the semester. The chair-
ian then dismisses them.
'N THE TWO MEETINGS I attended, I sat in
on cases involving a group drinking viola-
ion and a violation of the rule barring fresh-
ian women from apartment parties. One other
ase, involving a fraternity drinking violation,
'as closed to me at the request of the chapter's
resident. The first meeting was chaired by
William Phelps, and by coincidence it was the
ast session before the seating of new members
nd the election of officers.,
It was also the last meeting attended by
'atherina Burgeon, Bingley's colleague in mat-
ers involving student discipline. Jane Glick
haired the second meeting, a month later, and
ingley was not present.
[HE FIRST SESSION was by far the more
frightening. Enough had been said in The
aily about lack of due process to prepare me,
or that,, but I was not ready for the attitudes
meeting was better, but showed many of the
same features as the first.
I was alarmed, in both meetings, by the
Council's cavalier attitude toward due process.
Questions were asked which would be ruled out
of order in any court in the country. Crucial
points were not cleared up or even raised. When
formulating a charge (done after guilt was de-
cided), the members frequently did not know
which law or regulation was involved, or if there
was one-and many seemed not to care.
During the freshman girls case, for exam-
ple, a question arose as to the definition of
apartment. It developed that no one had a copy-
of the regulation on apartment parties, so an
interpretation was made from memory. Later,
the Council penalized the girls dates for es-
corting them to the party, even though the reg-
ulation does not even mention escorts; "I just
feel like the date is responsible too," one mem-
ber explained.
IE LEGITIMACY of the evidence before'the
Council was never questioned. Of course, it
was confirmed by the accused parties, but they
acted without legal counsel. For example, in
one ease Swoverland had crashed a quiet drink-
ing party. No one asked if he had a warrant.
Only one seemed concerned when it turned out
he didn't. (I had to raise the question person-
ally.) And when I pursued this point with Dean
Bingley, Joint Judiciary Council twice broke out
in laughter at the amusing ruthlessness of the
University's law enforcement.
Cases were usually considered hastily. Coun-
cil members are students, and some of them
had exams to study for. Once a member was
pointing out that it was hard to find chaperones
for partiesbetween semesters, and that Joint
Judic's authority over such events was ques-
tionable. He was-cut off by the chairman, who
said "We're running late-let's get a charge,
then we'll discuss these peripheral matters."
DEAN BINGLEY'S INFLUENCE on the Coun-
cil is also worth considering. It would be
unfair to say he made the members jump
through hoops, but he was constantly inter-
jecting facts, opinions and exhortations.
A question arose as to how much I would be
able to report about the closed meetings. The
written invitation from Joint Judic had said I
was free to print anything that would not tend
to injure the, parties whose cases were being
heard, but Dean Bingley thought I ought to be
much more restricted. One by one the Council
members'ehanged their minds and lined up
behind him.
THE UNCONCERN for constitutionality was
one thing that bothered me. But I-was even
more alarmed at the Council's hypocrisy. Most
of the cases that came up involved offenses like
drinking under age, holding unchaperoned par-
ties, and the like. These are things which al-
most all students do constantly without the
slightest sense of guilt. Even Student Govern-
ment Council holds unchaperoned parties at
times.
In such matters, the rules which keep worried
alumnae and state legislators happy are plain-
ly out of touch with the reality of student cul-
ture. One might expect, therefore, that Joint
Judic would ,show considerable sympathy for
the' students and groups who happen to get
caught. It doesn't work that way. The group
whose case I saw fas fined $500 ($200 sus-.
pended), and the keg hadn't even been, tapped
when they were caught.
JOINT JUDIC ought to be an agent to bring
outmoded rules into line with student mores.
Instead, it tries to bring student mores into.
line with the rules, an approach which is de-
rived from the nonsensical "peer counseling"
philosophy I quoted earlier. The meetings I
attended were studded with questions/com-
ments aimed at persuading the defendant of
the wrongness of his act. For example, this
dialogue went on in one case:
Member: "Didn't you offer any objection to
going (to the apartment)?
Freshman girl: "No-we don't think it was
wrong or sneaky."
Member: "You didn't think you were wrong
or sneaky, but you were aware of the regula-
tion, weren't you? Wouldn't you say this was
conduct' unbecoming a student? You didn't
think of this as wrong?"
Girl (unconvinced, but obliging): "We know
now, of course."
WHEN THE PROPER HUMILITY wasn't
forthcoming, the students' "peers" on Joint
Judic could get very sarcastic and snappy. One
student who seemed unimpressed with the
Council's grandeur was ordered to sit up
straight. (The member who gave the order was
later criticized by his colleagues.) Another
member defended her sarcasm by saying "they
were setting there as if nothing was wrong."
As I said, the second meeting was far less
shattering than the first. The objectionable
features- were still there, but there was much
livelier argument, a real questioning of pro-
cedures and even of the "counseling" philoso-
SOh 'VE GROW NQP LET S GET MARR DI"
TODAY AND TOMORROW:
Competiton itn Space,
To the Editor:
LAST FALL, The Daily ran an
editorial entitled "Mackinac
Bridge Rusts After $100 Million."
This editorial was replete with
inaccuracies, misleading allega-
tions and harmful accusations. It
is my purpose in the following
paragraphs to correct the editorial
insofar as possible.
The title to your editorial, while
intended to be figurative, does
make the literal accusation that is
not only untrue but damaging to
the degree that it might deter
some people from using the bridge.
To say that the bridge is rusting
is a completely irresponsible accu-
sation.
Your editorial described the
bridge as "a grand bit of steel and
concrete which is another ex-
ample of public works gone wild."
On the contrary it is a magnificent
engineering achievement and a
public work of the highest order.
Proof of this lies in the truth
that the overwhelming majority
of people using the bridge prefer
it to the ferry boat service which
it replaced.
Also, you failed to mention that
the State was paying approxi-
mately $500,000 a year to make up
the operational losses on the ferry
service. In addition, capital outlay
for boats, docks and such averaged
more than a million dollars a year
between 1933 and 1953.
* * *
YOUR EDITORIAL is short
sightedly correct in stating that
traffic is not up to predictions.
However, if your editorial writer
had taken the tme to read the
entire report of the traffic engi-
neers, he would have noted that
their estimates of future traffic
growth are not comprised of hard
and fast figures precise for each
year. They are stated in this man-
ner for figuring future annual
bridge income, but no analyst in
his right mind would make a pre-
diction over the next 25 or 30
years except as a trend.
Your editorial stated "By in-
creasing toll rates, the state has
.. (held back) .. . pools of red
ink." Then it goes on to estimate
1961 toll receipts at $4 million.
The editorial was wrong on both
counts. The tolls were increased
because net bridge earnings were
not 20 per cent over total outlay
for interest, sinking fund, main-
tenancerand operating cost. This
is a requirement of the Trust In-
denture between the Bridge Au-
thority and the bondholders.
The Authority has averaged
about $600,000 a year over and
above all interest and operational
expenses. However, it requires
$850,000 to meet the Trust In-
denture figure. This does not
mean "pools of red ink." Second,
net revenues, including interest
earned on investments were over
the $5 million for 1961.
* * *
YOUR EDITORIAL is critical
of the fact that the principal of
the loan remains largely un-
touched. The comment on this
topic again reveals ignorance of
the facts. If the Authority were
to call bonds before January 1,
1964, it would have to pay a
premium 8 per cent, on each bond
redeemed. No moneys are ear-
marked for the redemption fund
until 1964, and then only $260,000.
However, it is discretionary as to
when any bonds will be redeemed
since none mature until 1994.
Your editorial writer ventured
into areas of economics and soci-
ology wherein experts, or even
angels would fear to tread. I hesi-
tate to challenge him except to
comment on his use of such terms
as "bed-rock tourists," "welfare-
itis," "welfare spenders," pump-
priming" and "public works
plums." It occurs to me that these
are the pet expressions .of the
demagogues, and have no place on
a University campus, especially
when not supported by a single
fact.
There is no connection between
the state's going into debt and the
issuance of Mackinac Bridge reve-
nue bonds. They are not an obli-
gation of the state. They are
backed only by revenues of the
project. There is no competition
between expenditures or even
borrowing for education and the
Mackinac Bridge.
I WOULD AGREE with your
editorial that "brightyous Stu-
dents don't make good subects
for post cards." However, if the
idea of, a bright young student is
one who so completely shuns ob-
tainable facts, and is so obviously
abberated in his outlook as the
author of the editorial in question,
then perhaps we ought tohave an
investigation into our expendtures
for education.
It has always been my belief
that obtaining facts, seeking the
truth, freedom from preconceived
notions were the bed-rock precepts
of the real student, including jour-
nalists. If I am right let it be so.
if I am wrong then we may well
be buried.
--Prentiss M. Brown,
Chairman
Mackinac Bridge Authority
Why? ...
To the Editor:
IN THE PAST few weeks The
Daily has carried many articles
concerning the peace march of
February 16 and 17. A large ad-
vertisement in your publication
during the week before the March
offered the -day trip for $15 per
person, transportation included,
and a front-page report on Feb-
ruary 18 stated that the group
would attempt to send two dele-
gates to the USSR "to explain
their position." This information
would lead one to ask three ques-
tions about the financial resources
of the marchers:
1) Who paid the difference be-
tween the $15 which each marcher
paid and what the trip really cost?
(Or can one get to and from
Washington, D. C. and stay there
for two days on $15?)
b) Who financed the obviously
expensive ad in The Daily?'
3) Will it be these. same "ghost
funds" that will send the. peace
march representatives to Russia?
At a time when such peace
demonstrations attract so much
of the public attention and, as
representatives of the University
and other colleges, attempt to
exert their influence on the na-
tional government that belongs to
all of us, it would seem only pro-
per that their financial backing
be made public.
-Jutdy Meyer,'62
Anarchy . .
To the Editor:
IT APPEARS to me that the
writter of the letter in Thurs-
day's Daily, regarding the Strauss
House case in East Quadrangle
has completely misinterpreted the
facts and has come up with the
wrong issue. East Quad Council
was not so concerned about the
party itself, but the fact that
Strauss House deliberately violated
an East Quad Concil ruling which
stated, "that all social events the
weekend of the Snowflake Ball be
banned, except with the express
consent of the East Quad Social
Chairman."
The issue, therefore, is: should
we allow any group to disregard
the Quad Council's ruling at will,
or should the huses in. East
Quadrangle be expected to heed
the rulings of East Quad Council?
In other words, should we have
anarchy or should we have good,
sound, responsible Student Gov-
ernment?
* The case has been decided. An-
archy has lost.
-Stan Lubin, '63, East Quad.
By WALTER LIPPMANN
"A SPELL has been broken," says
a German newspaper, the
Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung,
"the American people and with
them the whole Western world no
longer stare as if hypnotized at
Soviet space successes with pricks
of doubt in their hearts as to
whether there is not deep deficien-
cy in' the democratic order." Col.
Glenn's triumphant flight has in-
deed broken the spell and removed
the doubt.
It has alo snown, it seems to
me, that in this kind of competi-
tion, where there are no exclusive
secrets and where the expertness
is for all practical purposes equal,
each side makes the necessary ef-
fort only when it is challenged by
the success of the other. That
seems to be the story of the Soviet-
American rivalry in space during
the past fifteen years.
In a most striking way the stim-
ulus to act has not come from
ideology, or from national charac-
ter, or from scientific curiosity and
adventure. It has come from a
challenge to equal and surpass the
successes of the other, and neces-
sity has been the mother of inven-
tion and of progress.
* * *r
IT SEEMS plain enough that the
lead of the Soviet Union has been,
and still is, due to the power of its
rockets. Col. Glenn's capsule was
only about one-quarter of the
weight of Gagarins and Titov's,
and his rocket had less than half
the thrust of theirs.
Why? Not because the Soviet en-
gineers know something about
rockets that our engineers do not
know, but because in the late 'for-
ties we were able to encircle the
Soviet Union in. order to contain
it with manned bombers carrying
nuclear weapons. We did not then
feel that we needed big rockets.
But the Soviet Union felt chal-
lenged.
It could not encircle the United
States with manned bombers and
so, under the drive of military ne-
cessity, set itself to building rock-
ets capable of reaching the United
States from the Soviet Union. And
as nuclear weapons were at that
time much bigger and heavier than
they are now, the Soviet rockets
were made big enough to carry
the weapons.
After the middle 'fifties a few of
the rockets were workable, and
they have been the means by
which the Soviet Union achieved
its spectacular lead in space.
* * *
UNTIL about 1957, when the
first Sputnik was put in orbit, we
did not feel challenged by these
big rockets. There was no particu-
lar reason to think that the Soviet
Union had enough accurate rockets
and enough nuclear weapons to fit
Sanity
OUR FIGHT against Commu-
nism must be a sane, rational
understanding of the facts. We
must remember that many non-
Communists may legitimately, on
their own, oppose the same laws or
take positions on issues of the
day which are also held by the
Communists. T h e i r opinions,
them. It was not believed that
there was a rocket threat to the
United States. We still had the
armed bombers and we did not yet
have smaller nuclear weapons
which our smaller rockets could
carry.
After Sputnik in October, 1957,
we began to feel challenged, and
began to respond, although at first
slowly. A year later, we adopted
Project Mercury, a three-year pro-
gram which has produced the
flights of Shepard and Grissom
and the orbital flight of Glenn.
- The Soviet challenge, to which
Project Mercigry has been the bril-
liantly successful response, was to
match the Soviet orbital flights
using our smaller rockets. To do
this, our technologists and engi-
neers had to reduce all the neces-
sary mechanisms for a manned
orbit flight to a much smaller
scale and to much less weight.
They succeeded and they made
Col. Glenn's flight possible.
* 1k *
THERE IS reason to suppose
that in meeting the Soviet chal-
lenge we have in certain ways
forged ahead of the Soviets. For
under the prod of our necessity-
the comparative smallness of our
rockets--we have developed to a
high point the art of making small
and light mechanisms.
When we do have big rockets, as
of course we shall in the near and
foreseeable future, this would en-
able us to pack them with a big
payload of scientific instruments.
All this will be a challenge to the'
Soviet Union which, we may be
sure, it will in its turn work to
meet. For in this field either na-
tion is quite capable of doing any-
thing that the other has done.
IT IS salutary; I believe,, to re-
member and to realize that what
put first one competitor ahead and
then the other is the push of ne-
cessity. The race is enormously ex-
pensive and the work required is
heavy and exacting. There is no
reason to think that either society,
theirs or ours, would make such an
effort were it not pushed by the
competition of the other.
Soviet expansion pushed us into
encirclement with manned bomb-
ers. This pushed the Soviets into
making the big rcokets. This in
turn. has pushed 'us into making
smaller weapons which are as pow-
erful as the bigger ones and small-,
er mechanisms which are as efil-'
cient as the bigger ones. Without
the competitive push the two coun-
tries would still explore space. But
they would do it at a much more
leisurely pace and with littlelsense
of urgency about the result.
(c) 1962, New York Herald Tribune, inc.
DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN
The Daily Official Bulletin is an
official publication of The Univer-
sity of Michigan for which The
Michigan Daily assumes no editorial
responsibility. Notices should be
sent in TYPEWRITTEN form to
Room 3564,Administration Building
before 2 p.m., two days preceding
publication.
FRIDAY, MARCH 2
General Notices
College of Literature, Science, and
the Arts, and Schools of Business Ad-
ministration,, Education, Music, Natur-
al Resources, Nursing, and Public
Health: Students who received marks
of I, X, or 'no report' at the end of
their last semester or summer session
of attendance will receive a grade of
"~E" in the course or courses unless
this work is made up. The final date
for acceptance of make-up grades this
semester is. March 12, 1962. Students
wishingan extension of time beyond
these dates should file a petition with
the appropriate official of their school,
In the School of Nursing the above
information refers to non-Nursing
courses only.
Applications for the selective Service
college qualification test are now being
distributed at the Ann Arbor Selective
Service Board, 103 East Liberty. Appli-
cations must be in by March 27, 1962.
The University of Michigan Blood
Bank Association, in cooperation with
the American Red Cross, will have its
regular Blood Bank Clinic on March
28, 1962. The Clinic hours are 10:00
a.m. to 11:30 a.m. and from 1:00 to 3:30
p.m. Any full-time or part-time reg-
ularly employed staff member of the
University interested in becoming a
member or renewing his membership
should contact the Personnel Office,
1028 Administration Bldg., Extension
2834.
The following student sponsored so-
cial events are approved for the com-
ing week end. Social chairmen are re-
minded that requests for approval for
social events are due in the Office of
Student Affairs not later than 12 o'-
clock noon on the Tuesday prior to the
event.
March 2, 1962--Theta Chi, Mixer.
March 3, 1962-Adams House, Open
Dance; Theta "Chi, Casual Party; Theta
Delta Chi, Dance; Triangle, Party; Ty-
ler-Prescott House, Open Open House;
Zeta Beta 'Tau, Party.
History Make-up Examinations will
be held Saturday, March 3, 9-12 a.m. in
Room 25 Angell Hall. Pleases consult
your instructor and then sign the list
in the History Office, 3601 Haven Hall.
Events Sunday
Degree Recital: Constance Cowan
flute, will present a recital on Sun.,
March 4, 8:30 p.m., Lane Hall Audi-
torium. Accompanying Miss Cowan on
the piano and harpsichord is Joyce N.
Verhaar and assistaing will be Carol
Jewell and Penny Lint, violins, Susan
Schneider, viola, and Carolyn Halik,
cello. Open to the general public.
Events Monday
Engineering Mechanics and Metal-
lurgical Engineering Seminar: Mon.,
March 5, at 4:00 p.m. in Room 311
West Engineering Bldg. Dr. J. A. Her-
zog, Advanced Metallurgical Studies
Branch, Wright Patterson Air Force
Base, Ohio, will speak on "Morphology
and Strength of Iron Whiskers."
Coffee will be served at 3:30 p.m. in
the Faculty Lounge.
Pacement
ANNOUNCEMENT:
PLACEMENT INTERVIEWS-Correc-
tion in next week's schedule:
FRI., MARCH 9-
1) Metropolitan Life Insurance Co.,
NYC.
2) Socony Mobil Oil Co., Inc., Chicago,
3) Rand Corp., Santa Monica, Calif.
4),N. W. Ayer & Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
(These companies will hold inter-
views on Fri., March 9 instead of
Thurs., March 8, as stated in yester-
day's DOB.)
Interested seniors please call Bureau
of Appoint's., Ext. 3544 for interview
appointments.
POSITION OPENINGS:
City of Madison Heights, Mich.-Ad-
ministrative Assistant to City Man-
ager. MA in Public Admin. City has
population of 34,000 - has ultimate of
50,000. In Detroit Metropolitan Area.
PREMIERES:
Forum- o Feature
New U' Compositons
GRADUATE STUDENTS of the school of music will participate in
a Composers Forum in Aud. A tonight at 8:30. All composers
represented are students of Ross Lee Finney, the University's composer-
in-residence. The works vary from compositions for solo instrument
to large ensembles. Many are having world premieres.
Roger Reynolds, editor of Generation, will have two works on
the forum, a second performance of Wedge (which had its world
premiere during the ONCE festival) and the premiere of sections of
his new String Quartet. Mr. Reynolds is a teaching fellow in the
composition department.
Gregory Kosteck, whose Sonata for Piano had its first performance
during ONCE will have a second performance of that work, and the
premiere of his new Four Pieces for Cello, Winds, Percussion, and
Harps. This work requires a large body of instruments, and features
Enid Dubbe as solo cellist.
*~ * *
DAVID MAVES, a graduate of the University of Oregon, makes
his first appearance in a Michigan Composers Forum this. evening
with a performance of his Fantasy for Cello and Percussion. He has
written while studying with Ross Lee Finney. Mr. Maves has studied
with Leon Kirchner and Homer Keller as well as Finney. He will
play the percussion parts in his work, and Arthur Hunkins will appear
as cello soloist.
Uel Wade's Contrasts for Unaccompanied Viola will have its