WEDNESDAY, MARCH 4,1964
THE MICHIGAN DAILY
Y
WEN-DYMAC 4,94 H ICI. fAL
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ONE-TOOTH DRAGON:
Ideological Split Hurts Red Chinese Military Might
By BEM PRICE
Associated Press Newsfeatures Writer
Without Soviet military aid,
Red China is a one-tooth dragon.
So long as the Sino-Soviet split
continues over how best to attain
world Communism, it is one of
the most important political facts
in today's world.
The United States' view of Red
China, sans Soviet military aid,
was presented in a little-noticed
speech last year by Assistant Sec-
retary of State for Far Eastern
Affairs Roger Hilsman.
Less Danger
"The free nations of Asia are by
no means out of danger. Commun-
ist China is still capable of grave
and costly mischief. But it is not
a formidable power in terms of
modern technology," he said.
Any armed force with claims tow
modernity operates on pieces of t
paper. The Red Chinese are no
exception. Tables of equipment
and organization have to be is-
sued. Tactical doctrine has to beY
published. A great many of theseE
papers have found their way into
the West.
From this material, and from
informed sources here, this pic-s
ture of the Red Chinese "Peoples
Liberation Army' emerges:
. . ... ... .. . ... ... ... ... ... .... ... .. .... ... ...
This intermediate-range bomber is an example of the aircraft that have been given to the Red Chinese
by the Russians. The ideological split caused Russian military aid to be cut off three years ago.
China's railroads cross thous-
ands of rivers, streams and val-
leys and are particularly vulner-
able to air attack.
All boiled down, the source con-
tinued, it means that the Chinese
would have to fight, wherever con-
fronted, with what they had on
hand and with little hope of re-
inforcement or resupply.
'Poor' Steel
As for China's industrial re-
sources, Po Yi-po, chairman of the
State Economic Commission, esti-
mated in February that Red
China's iron and steel production
was 18 million tons a year, much
of it of "poor quality." By way of
comparison, United States steel
capacity is about 104 million tons
annually.
One source said China did man-
age to build a few medium tanks
and sufficient artillery, mortars,
machine guns and small arms for
peacetime needs.
omic chaos in enemy territory
through the use of guerrillas, Mao
Tze-tung believes the local re-
gime's authority can be so under-
mined that the populace will turn
from it as ineffective.
In summary, United States in-
telligence forces believe the Chi-
nese will not undertake a large
military thrust outward in the im-
mediate future, but will try to
bring the areas around its south-
ern borders into the Communist
camp through guerrilla activity.
There have been reports of un-
rest in the Chinese army. These
the source discounted. "The offi-
cer corps is as reliable as any ele-
ment of Chinese society," he as-
serted.
BILL IN COMMITTEE:
Hopes Dim for College Aid Program
Collegiate Press 'Service
was defeated when backing the LOAN INSURANCE-Not pro-
WASHINGTON--A massive aid same plan last year in a confer- vided by House. Senate would
program aimed at the college stu- once committee. authorize initial expenditure of $1
dent has slim chances of getting Here's how the House and Sen- million for insurance on commer-
through Congress this year. ate versions of the student aid cial loans made by college stu-
Still pending in committee are program look: (The House version dents not exceeding $2000 a year.
House and Senate versions of is in the form of an amendment to It would carry a low government
mammoth student air programs to the National Defense Education interest rate, and loans would be
get able but dollar-short students Act). insured up to 90 per cent.
through college.L
Getting strong administration LOANS-Senate would increase WORK STUDY PROGRAM
support is the Senate version, in- NDEA loans to $200 million in 1955 Not provided by House. Senate
troduced this month by Sen. and $250 million in next three would authorize $250 million a year
Vance Hartke (D-Ind). It com- years. House would increase loans for four years to finance working-
prises ideas germinating in the to $150 mililon a year. Both would study programs. Undergraduate
White House, the Office of Edu- remove the present $800,000 ceil- student could earn up to $1250
cation and congressional circles of ing on loans to individual institu- during two semesters while a grad-
nigher education supporters. tions. uate student could earn $2500.
Increase Student Loans The federal share of the institu-
Green Bill tions' payments to the students
Similar to the Hartke bill-but Senate would increase per year would be 100 per cent in the'first
containing enough differences for total loan to undergraduate stu-woldbe7 0per cent insthefirs
a tough compromise fight-is an dents to $1500, graduate students year, 75 per cent in succeeding
old program of Rep. Edith Greento $2500. House would maintain years.
(D-Ore). current $1000 annual loan for un-
Mrs. Green, chairman of the dergraduates, but would increase Louisiana rE ects
House Education Subcommittee, do ent New orgauaesu
to Senate level for graduate stu- G v ro
dents.-eW Governor
Both would extend forgiveness
Supplement feature to college, private elemen- NEW ORLEANS LP--Denocrat
tary and secondary school teachers. John J. McKeithen, a 45-year-old
The Office of Financial Aid SCHOLARSHIPS-- The Senate country lawyer, was elected gover-
has recently received a request- would authorize $37.5 million a nor of Louisiana yesterday-beat-
ed $197,000 supplement to its year for four years in scholarships ing back the strongest Republican
original National Defense Edu- to students winning them on com- challenge the state has been in
cation Act appropriation of petitive and financial need basis, nearly 100 years.
$250,000 for the current school They would be $1000 a year for The all-out campaign waged
year. four years. House under NDEA, by oilman Charlton H. Lyons Sr~
The funds have been and are would increase current graduate tried but failed to break the Demo-
currently being distributed to fellowships to 5000 in 1965, 7500 crats' 100 year hold on the gov-
those fall applicants whose loan in 1966 and 10,000 by 1967. ernorship.
requests could not be filled be- . . .
cause of lack of funds. New ap-
plications are being accepted. u
.I.....
tinued, the number of troops
would have been reduced to some-
thing like 20,000.
The Chinese, he went on, would
have reached the plains without
armor and with little artillery, a
gamble they could not take in
view of the vulnerability of their
supply lines to air attack.
Air Force
This brought up the subject of
the Red Chinese air force.
Otte source said "The Red Chi-'
nese air force has to be pretty
damn poor these days."
He said it was doubtful wheth-
er the Red Chinese had been able
to produce any aircraft of their
Large Army
In terms of manpower, Red
China now has the world's larg-
est standing armed force-2.8 mil-
lion men. The army consists of an
estimated 2.5 million men: the
others are in the technical serv-
ices and air force.
Insofar as Western intelligence'
knows, China is not yet a nuclear
power, but for 10 years China was
sheltered beneath the nuclear um-
brella raised by the Soviet Union.
Now tiexe is an ideological split
between Red China and the Soviet
Union over whom shall wear the
mantle of leadership in world
Communist affairs. Whether the
split means a removal of tbe So-
viet nuclear shield is a .natter of
debate..
China Support
But there is no debate over the
fact that the Soviets have with-
drawn technical aid from the
mainland Chin se, a withdrawal
which has affected China's mili-
tary might.
Indeed, there are United States3
Intelligence estimates which indi-
cate the fires of military adven-
turism within the Red Chinese
dragon have been dampened con-
siderably by the Soviets' action. '
This is not interpreted by the.
intelligence community to mean
that all is abort to become sweet-i
ness and light around the peri-7
phery of mainland China Redj
China has mischief-making re-
sources of its own.
Lots of Trouble
"The Chinese can make a lot ofE
trouble around their borders, but
you can make a fair case that if
these people are reasonably realis-
tic, they will steer clear of any-
thing that would involve a
straight-out confrontation with
the United States.
"The Chinese will follow a cau-
tious, soft-shoe way in any expan-
sion," a Washington intelligence'
source said.
Another source said, "In gener-
al the Chinese do not have the lo-
gistical backup to conduct large
operations beyond their borders.
India was about as much as they
could stand from that viewpoint,
especially since the S o v i e t s
stopped helping."
Seize Territory
He estimated that the Red Chi-
nese used about 50,000 men on
the expedition through the Hima-
layan passes to seize territory
that India claims as hers.
Had the Chinese attempted to
enter the Indian plains, he con-
i
n
d
ORGANIZATION
NOTICES
Alpha Phi Omega, Chapter meeting,
March 4, 7 p.m., 3-C, Michigan Union.
Baptist Student Union, Stanley How-
eli, state director of student work, talk-
ing on the subject, "God's Will in
Your Life," March 4, 7:30 p.m., SAB,
Room 528D.
* * *
Circle Honorary Society, Important
meeting, March 5, 7:15 p.m., Cave,
Michigan League.
* * 4
La Sociedad Hispanica: Reunion-Co-
lombia: El pals, el baile y la musica.
Miercoles, 4 de marzo, 8 p.m., 3050
Frieze Bldg.
* * *
Le Cercle Francais, Le Baratin, March
5, 3-5 p.m., 3050 Frieze Bldg.
* * «
Lutheran student Center & Chapel,
Vespers-Studies in the Christian Faith
"God in Christ," Wed., March 4, 7:15
p.m., Hill Street at S. Forest Ave.
University Lutheran Chapel, Midweek
Lenten Vesper (Holy Communion at
10), "What is Truth?" Vicar John Koe-
nig, March 4, 7 and 10 p.m., 1511 Wash-
tenaw.
* * *
Voice-U. of M. Chapter of Students
for a Democratic Society, Debate: Tom
Hayden, National Council, SDS, vs.
Barry Shepard, national secretary, Young
Socialist Alliance-topic: Independent
Political Action vs. Political Realign-
ment, 7:30 p.m., Michigan Room,
League, March 5.
* * *
Christian Science organization, Testi-
mony meeting, March 5, 7:30 p.m., Room
528D, SAB.
* * *
German Club, Coffee hour, German
conversation, music, singing, refresh-
ments, Wed., March 4, 3-5 p.m., 3050
Frieze Bldg. "Herziich Wilikommen!"
own and reports indicate they
have have not received any from
the Soviet Union in three years.
Old Planes
United States intelligence now
believes the Red Chinese air fo rme
consists mainly of obsolescent
rMIG 17s and "some few" MIG
19s, similar to the F-86s the Unit-
ed States used in the Korean war.
As late as 1960 western reports
estimated the Red Chinese had an
air force of 2500 to 3000 aircraft.
Now, said one source, the Red
Chinese air force is believed to be
'slightly under 2000 planes, in-
cluding maybe 300 to 400 IL 28s."
The IL28 is a medium bomber.
'Cannibalize' Planes
The source attributed the de-
cline to attrition. He said the Red
Chinese are being forced to "can-
nibalize" other aircraft for parts.
One result has been a curtail-
ment in the training of pilots and
a drop in proficiency flying by
seasoned aviators.
The source said the only items
the Soviets are still supplying the
Red Chinese inquantity is avia-
tion gasoline and jet fuel.
Doubt Sufficiency
The Red Chinese claimed in
January they were now self suf-
ficient in petroleum products. The
source doubted this.
He said the existence of oil de-
posits in Sinking in China's far
northwest had long been known.
"What facilities the Chinese
have -for refining must be small,'
and quality is another question.
That oil is a long way from the'
users anyhow."
Just Enough'
He added, however, that the
Chinese might be producing
enough oil products for civilian
consumption.
The source estimated the army
strength as 110 to 120 divisions of
12,000 to 15,000 men each. About
10 per cent of these divisions, he
said, are believed to be motorized.
While each division may have
as many as 400 vehicles, he said,
most material used by the infan-
try has to be carried by coolies.
In brief, the Red Chinese army's
mobility is believed to be fairly
limited. This has prompted the;
Chinese to distribute the army by'
regions, maintaining large con-
centrations near centers of popu-
lation.
Another factor hampering mo-
bility is a lack of food reserves,
the source said, noting that the
Chinese soldier in camp is ex-
pected to grow his own food.
With Soviet technical help, the
source went on, the Chinese did
m a n u f a c t u r e heavy military
trucks, but the withdrawal of the
Russian technicians has reduced
production "to a piddling number,
probably not enough to take care
of normal attrition." Also, he said,
the Chinese have no road network
and depend upon railroads to pro-
vide basic heavy transport.
Rail Yards
Whether China has the rail
marshalling yards essential to
move large numbers of troops and
equipment is open to doubt.
I
world News Roundup
By The Associated Press
DALLAS-A new judge took over the Jack Ruby murder trial
yesterday and by mid-afternoon a full jury of four women and eight
men was completed. Judge Joe B. Brown, who has presided over the
-ase, became ill with a bad cbld. Replacing him at Brown's request
was Judge J. Frank Wilson, a "
former United States Representa- k"the independence of Yemen and
ELECT
JON,
Live from Texas.
UNITED NATIONS-Despite a
delay in proceedings UN diplo-
mats expressed hope yesterday
that the UN Security Council will
approve quickly a compromise res-
olution to send a peace force and
mediator to Cyprus.
The Council met for eight min-
utes, then adjourned until this
morning. The Soviet Union and
some other delegates requested the
adjournment in order to give more
time for cusultations.
* * *
CAIRO-The United Arab Re-
public and Saudi Arabia moved
yesterday toward settlement of
their dspute over the Red Sea
kingdom of Yemen.
The two countries, which have
supported the rival sides in the
Yemeni revolution since 1962,
called in a joint communique for
the freedom of the Yemeni people."
NEW YORK-The stock market
weathered profit-taking and ad-
vanced to new peaks for the third
straight session yesterday. Trad-
ing was active. The final Dow-
Jones averages had 425 industrials
up .32, 25 railroads down .05, 50
utilities up .16, and 500 stocks
up .25.
DAVIS
L.S.&A.
PRES IDENT
_ _ _
~} .
THURSDAY
}p q : "i h C,°,i, '':Cyf*c e , ' ttip
0" 'TH E B A H A 'I
WORLD FAITH"
Friday March 6, 1964ki,.WRDFIH
Dr. Firuz Kazemzadeh,
Associate Professor of
Dr. Firuz Kazemzadeh, Chairman History, Yale University
I I Aof the National Spiritual Assembly and
iJll A ui tioriumof the Baha'is of the U.S., is a Chairman of the National
graduate of Stanford Univ., with Spiritual Assembly of the
his Ph.D. in history from Harvard Baha'is of the U.S.
4N Univ. He has served as Research
Tickets on sale at Fellow in Slavic Studies at the
S Hoover Institute, Consultant to the 410p.m.,
Hill Auditorium Box Office U.S. Department of State, Re-
search Fellow at the Russian Re- Angell Hall, Aud. '
9 A.M.-5 P.M. search Center and the Center for
Middle Eastern Studies, author of
articles and studies on Russian and
Ticket Prices:-Persian History, teacher in Baho'i CO-SPONSORS:
$ , 7 1Schools, and a member of many
in2.0t, $1.75, $1.25 ernational Baha'i committees. Baha'i World Faith Student Group
and the Officerof
Religious Affairs
For A Dynamic
Student
Government
VOTE VOICE
for SOC
Q STEVE BERKOWITZ
LI BARRY BLUESTONE
L STAN NADEL
LI DICK SHORTY
for
BOARD IN CONTROL
of
for REALISTIC and PROGRESSIVE
STUDENT GOVERNMENT
VOTE for SURGe candidates today:
Jp
,;}e
The "Cobbler"
11
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