opw
Alw
'" .--- -v.'
ONE MAN'S BATTLE:
Principles, the Bar, and theCourts
mjy Aid ig.n ?Baig
Seventy-First Year
- -- EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF ThE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
Ier Are Free UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS
a Preva&lN
STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG.* ANN ARBOR, MICH. * Phone NO 2-3241
printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers
or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints.
- -- - r _ _ . - -- -- . - --" T w
t, JANUARY 11, 1961
NIGHT EDITOR: ANDREW HAWLEY
Davis Report Outlines
evised Intercultural Projects
By MICHAEL OLINICK
A YOUNG man appeared before
the United States Supreme
Court recently and argued that he
was entitled to become a lawyer
even though, as a matter of prin-
ciple, he might refuse to obey the
court's decrees.
"If at some time the members
of this court were to become so
corrupted, so perverted that the
Constitution was destroyed, then
one would be obliged to resist,"
George Anastaplo told the justices.
Anastaplo has sought entrance
into the Illinois bar for the past
decade, ever since he graduated
with distinction from the Univer-
sity of Chicago Law School. His
most recent appeal, to the4Ilinois
Supreme Court, was turned down
by a four to three vote. 4
Anastaplo is asking the court to
rule that his exclusion from the
bar was so unfair as to be uncon-
stitutional.
It was principle that led Arnas-
taplo to tell the court he could
not 'promise always to obey its
rulings. "A court which, say, Hit-
ler dominated would deserve no
respect. That is what the Declara-
tion of Independence means, and
I have always believed it."
As is often the rule in America
today, Anastaplo's conviction of
the validity of the Declaration of
Independence brought him trou-
ble. In his application to the Illi-
nois bar, Anastaplo attached a
statement affirming his belief in
the right of the people to revolt
against oppression.
* *.
THE BAR'S committee on char-
acter and fitness naturally had to
ask him about membership in sub-
versive organizations. Anastaplo
refused to say whether he had
ever been a member of the Com-
munist Party or the Ku Klux Klan,
No one had the slightest evidence
CH OF THE recommended action in the
eport of John F. Kennedy's task force
Exchange of persons" is a request for
funds to enable better intercultural co-
tion.
e report of the committee, chaired by
s M. Davis, director of the Internatloial
r, represents the same brainstorming on
ent subjects have done at Kennedy's re-
The outlines of fund dispersal is the
er part of the report but not the most
tant. The real immediate value is in
ecommendation for better governmental
ing of cultural cooperation.
e report suggests the establishment of an
a center on cultural relations in the state
rtment and headed by an under secretary
ate to co-ordinate all government pro-
s in this area.
REPORT CAUTIONS against the pre-
nt arrangement in which the special
ant to the Secretary of State for co-
ation is also the head of the bureau of
ational and Cultural affairs in the State
rtment. The report states that it is diffi-
o co-ordinate all departments as the head
e of them, also. This is obviously true
should be remedied.
; as necessary but certainly helpful is
suggested enlargement of the existing
ory Commission on Educational Exchange
o-ordinating purposes. By broadening the
of it, to include the full spectrum of
tional exchange and development, and
Lying it authority to assemble ad hoc
ittees for consultation on particular
ems the Commission could take on the
of advising the proposed new Under-
bary.
th proper coordination of departments a
amount of money could be saved and
o better use, therefore the new adminis-
n should see what it can do in the way
tter coordination before authorizing new
SECOND WAY that the administration
ould aid "painlessly" is, by legislating out
,ehnical irritants hindering existing pro-
s. Changes in the immigration law and
I security regulations were specifically
toned in the report.
The committee asked that visa provisions be
revised to place the spouse and minor children
of a foreign scholar on the same visa as he,
,and to extend the employment priviledges of
foreign scholars and their- wives. "The overall
effect would be to recognize that foreign stu-
dents could "work their way through school"
as many Americans do. It would save much of
the money now spent, both by the Federal
Government and by the institutions, on
scholarships, grants and unpaid loans," the
report said. By allowing the students to work
enough to take care of financial needs, pro-
vided that they do not seriously displace?
American workers, the government could again
save money.
A CHANGE IN social security withholding
tax provisions to exempt foreign scholars
who never can achieve social security benefits
'would also put foreign students more on
their own.
Of the nine additional "viewpoints" express-
ed in the report, three are more than im-
portant, they are vital to the aims of educa-
tional exchange. First in exchange with under-
developed countries, the priority of selections
must be given to those who are needed for
the development of indigenous institutions in-
line with their national development goals.
This is the best type of foreign aid and
cultural exchange we can effect, that of edu-
cating the men who will develop their own
country.
Second, an increase "in exchange programs
with the Communist bloc European countries
should be made as quickly as satisfactory ar-
rangements can be made." Again, the exchange
of students in technical areas can not only
build up friends for the United States in Com-
munist countries, but can aid in breaking down
the barriers of silence between countries.
Third, the United States should "Explore
possibilities for effective expansion of educa-
tional exchange and technical assistance pro-
grams through inter-governmental 'agencies:
UN, OAS, etc." In this way an internationally,
effective program for educational exchange
could be effected, without national tensions
marring the international aim of education.
CUBA, CASTRO:
Social Studies...
For Americans Only
By JAMES RICHMAN
Daily Guest Writer
CUBA IS A minor island some-
where south of the United
States. It is peopled by Spanish-
speaking natives who are inately
lazy. Their major pleasure is to
lie in the sun and starve. Their
only diversionary activity is the
playing of primitive instruments
to exotic rhythms. Cuba lay in
a vacuum of ignorance and po-
verty until shortly after the
Spanish-American War. (If you
will remember that, was the war
in which Teddy Roosevelt and
God, ably assisted by the Hearst
papers and a faulty boiler on the
U.S.S. MAINE, began the crusade
for freedom and enlightenment in
Latin America.)
UP UNTIL two years ago Cuba
had remained free and prospering
... subject to the approval of the
U.S. Congress and American lob-
bies. The United States maintain-
ed well-rounded cultural and
economic relations with Cuba
throughout that entire periodeIn
exchange for total mercantile
we allowed Cuba to export to our
domination of the Cuban economy
shores: cigars, Xavier (the Cha-
Cha) Cugat and Desi Arnaz. Need-
less to say the natives prospered
under our guidance. They 'now
starved only eight months of the
year. The big-hearted American
sugar planters let them harvest
our crop, and so they found gain-
ful employ for the other four
months. The wages paid them
were excellent considering we
didn't want to totally destroy their
taste for poverty. We must re-
member that too much . . . too
soon, isn't the American way, and
progress must come slowly.
* * *
SO THINGS were going great
until this guy Castro comes along.
(It's obvious now he had been
'previously trained in Moscow.)
Anyhow this creep Castro picks
a fight with our good neighbor
Batista. (Batista was sort of a
younger, heavily-armed Chang
Kai-Shek with a Spanish accent.)
Soon all the kids on the block
are wearing fatigue-caps and
phoney beards.
* * *
CASTRO FINALLY whips Ba-
tista. This was a blow to Ameri-
can pride, since it was our military
mission to Cuba that had trained
and armed Batista's troops. Well,
Ike was big about the whole thing
. . . he's an old soldier and he
knows how wars are. But, to add
insult to insult, this wasn't enough
for that "pinko" Castro. After all
the help we gave him in his
struggle he starts to get uppity
with us. He starts to play cru-
sader and turns down his cut of
the gambling and prostitution
rake-off from the Havana tourist
trade. He also picks up this bug
about making Cuba economically
self-supporting. He gives off this
"New Frontier" speech, (you'd
think he was running for presi-
dent), and rants and raves about
schools and hospitals. Well LIFE,
LOOK and TIME finally get wise
to Fidel. He was, good copy for a
while but the only ones who really
believed the stuff about revolution
were suburban housewives and
mental vagrants. Any one with an
ounce of common sense knew he
was a "commie" from the begin-
ning. Besides anyone who has been
to Havana lately can see what's
happening. All the cute little
dirty kids are playing "do-it-your-
self" and those darling bands have
been swallowed up by labor bat-
talions.
WELL, WE would have been
content to let this Castro fall on
his economic face. We know that
all you can grow in Cuba is sugar.
But then, he starts to nationalize
American business. So Ike has to
go and put him down. What else
could Ike do . . .after all he is
the Godmother of American busi-
ness. We isolate Cuba from the
existing world, at least that part of
the world which the State Depart-
ment recognizes as existing. We
had, of course, the alternative of
giving aid to Cuba, but this would
have been another financial waste.
Castro, it seems, had some crazy
idea about being a neutral, and
everybody knows we can't afford
to support any more neutrals ...
at least not while we're fighting
this cold war. We have our own
allies to support and everybody
knows that they're neutral enough.
Things are really bad in Cuba
now. It's all Castro's fault of
course . . . I mean if the guy had
been willing to play the game he
could have had a house and cars
. . . and a substantial bank ac-
count in Switzerland.
that he has ever belonged to or
sympathized with either of the
groups.
He claims that all of the evi-
dence in his case is favorable to
his character.
He argues that a state should
not be allowed to read anything
unfavorable in his refusals to an-
swer questions unless it had some
evidence to show that he ever was
a member of a group subversive
to the Constitution and the nation.
The refusals, he says, should be
interpreted favorably, since they
show his courage to resist "bully-
ing.
WILLIAM WINES, Illinois' as-
sistant attorney general, defends
the states' right to pose such ques-
tions without "some kind of prob-
able cause" linking the applicant
to a subversive movement. His
point -was that Anastaplo's refus-
las blocked a proper" investiga-
tion.
Thereal question, Wines, said, is
whether a state can exclude from
the bar an admitted Communist
Party member. He argues that a
state can do so, considering that
the Supreme Court has upheld
convictions of party leaders for
subversive speeches.
"Once you grant that Commu-
nist affiliation is material, it fol-
lows automatically that a question
about such affiliation is material."
* * *
TWO PRINCIPLE points of dis-
cussion can be noted in Anasta-
plo's case. First, have the courts
ruled that affiliation with the
Communist Party is enough to bar
an individual from the legal pro-
fession? I If it is, can questions
about such affiliation still be asked
without any evidence to point to
it? If party membership can bar
one from being a lawyer, is it al-
so a barrier to other occupations?
Would membership in the Klan
also be a satisfactory means to
eliminate applicants to the bar?
Just what political and social be-
liefs must one hold to receive any
job at all?,
Questions like, this are always
coming before the Supreme Court
and are the bases for much public
and private discussion. The out-
come of the Anastaplo case will
be a partial legal answer to some
of the questions.
MORE IMPORTANT, however
is the condition of American
opinion and fear that forces Anas-
taplo into a ten year court battle.
When a man holds a belief in
ons of the basic documents de-
fining the American democratic
system, why is his expression of
that credo an automatic warning
signalrthat he is a "subversive?"
The impetus of conservative com-
placency has driven us to fear
anyone who tries to change social
conditions so that they are more
in line with the Declaration of
Independence and the Constitu-
tion.
Anastaplo's predicament is not
unique. West Coast students who
staged a sincere protest against
a committee of Congress are
charged by public agencies to be
nothing more than "dupes" of the
Communist.s inciters; the South-
ern sit-ins are treated as "Red
planned and directed" by many
people; The austere and respected
head of the FBI sees Moscow in-
filtrating the nation's churches.
Although it is a wretched cir-
cumstance, that forces Anastaplo
and others with similar views to
lose economic opportunities, to
suffer social and political martyr-
dom and often to limit their con-
tributions in their chosen field of
endeavor, it is still a healthy sign
that such men dare speak up.
Original Success'
IN ONE of its more ambitious projects of the season the speech
department Playbill presented "Season of the Beast" by Carl Oglesby,
'63, last night. And under the guidance of Director Prof. William P.
Halstead, the University Players created a successful evening of theatre,
well above and beyond the average original production.
"Season of the Beast" is a morality play set on the farm of Horace
Emery in South Carolina. The Emery's are fundamental, hardworking
cotton farmers, as are their neighbors, until the arrival of the revivalist
preacher, Lockheed.
* * * *
THE PLAY'S EPIGRAPH states "Your adversary, the devil, as a
roaring lion, walketh about, seeking whom he may devour." (I Peter,
5:8). The demoniac preacher pounces on his prey devouring the weak
and tired, worn out by their struggle with life.
All of the elders of the community submit, save one man-Horace
Emery. The resultant struggle between the devil and his adversary pro-
vides the framework for the play on both realistic and symbolic levels.
The play's greatest weakness is its oft-times heavy-handed sym-
bolism. It appears that the author has tried too hard to make the
audience aware of his symbols and has forced many of them. The lines
of good and evil are drawn to the limits; the recurrent storm image;
the naming of the village, Battlefield; and the physical portrayal of
the Beast are all overstatements. In the same manner the play is
somewhat slow moving in its earlier stages as the author presents
the problems over and over.
Once the stage is finally set, the play concludes with great emo-
tion. The last half of the second act and the entire third are ripe
with crackling dialogue and emotive power.
* * * *
THE LARGELY inexperienced' cast is generally first rate. David
Hirvela as Jess Emery is the manifestation of simple strength. Richard
Levy, despite having some of the play's weakest lines, as the preacher-
beast ("I am as mobile as yonder rock," and "I'll have mine [coffeel
black and hot") is a fit adversary.
-Harold Applebaum
Unbalanced
EAS BEEN pointed out in the New York4
ally News that Mrs. Elizabeth Smith, the
nee of President-elect John F. Kennedy
e Treasurer of the United States, admit-+
r cannot balance her own checkbook. 1
this light, perhaps it would be well to
ne that Kennedy made this appointmentI
eeping with his as-yet unrevealed fiscal
y concerning the nation's budget: un-
nced?
-M. HARRAH
MU's Two-Year
ERE ARE TWO problems involved in the
tuestion of Michigan State University's
year medical school. One is the profes-i
3, medical aspect, the other a political-
tige angle. The two questions are not
ely separate.
e overall argument appears to be not so
h MSU's desire for a two-year non-clinical
ram as the implication that the East
ing university wants to go all the way,
tually, and establish a regular four-year
ram.
st year, leading doctors and medical edu-
rs in the state labeled a four-year medical
ol as the most expensive way to increase
number of Michigan graduate physicians.
9 stressed expansion and strengthening
resent medical education facilities. The
nsion would come at Wayne State Uni-
ty in Detroit.
THAT TIME, two-year medical schools
vere suggested as one of several answers
he need for additional doctors. Graduates
te two-year programs would fill the vacan-
that result from drop-outs in the four-
schools.
hich all means that the present MSU
ition may be a good idea. Right now it
2 the early planning stage, and will not
eady for perhaps 10 years, an MSU official
ts out,
bich all would seem to point to the fact
ent MSU plans may not be a bad idea,
e MSU probably has a sufficient base of
Ity and facilities to run the program.
T A FOUR-YEAR program is a different
natter. Whether MSU 'should eventually
i such a school is a matter for the medical
rts. Opinion is divided, but it looks a little
IN THE AREA of funds, the suggested alter-
native of aid through matching grants to
universities and colleges and local organiza-
tions for their, work seems to be the best.
This type of fund supply would not develop
the earmarks of a "giveaway program" as the
organizations must first supply half or more
of the required money. In this way the govern-
ment would aid and encourage cultural ex-
change on all levels without making the
government the major factor in the planning
and financing. And because education of all
people should be the aim of all people, the
work of cultural exchange should remain in
the hands of the people and private institutions
unless on an international scale.
-CAROLINE DOW
Medical School
medical experts say there are a number of
things to do before building a medical school,
and then the best place for this institution
may be Detroit or Grand Rapids rather than
Lansing.
The political-prestige problem now enters
in. Though MSU presently disclaims desires
for a four-year program, the editorial response
in state newspapers was apparently not
prompted by any great faith in these protes-
tations of innocence. Simply, a medical school
is a good thing to have, prestige wise. While
not as glamorous as advanced science work,
say, it is still good for status purposes among
great universities, a dignity to which MSU
aspires.
BUT THE GOOD to MSU from this acquisi-
tion must be balanced against the needs
and the resources of the entire state; a desire
by MSU to have a medical school is not enough.
Rational discussion is necessary.
The University can take a platonic attitude
about the whole thing, provided it gets the
promised second part of the Medical Science
Bldg. Vice-President and Dean of' Faculties
Marvin L. Niehuss says the University has no
desire to expand its already large school, and
the new building is simply needed to accomo-
date present students.
Further state funds will doubtless be needed,
but apparently nothing on the order needed
to start a new medical school.
THIS IS A parenthesis, for the politics point.
What will happen ? It is feared that what
will happen is another financial struggle for
state money. MSU Provost Paul A. Millfr
wants to make "perfectly clear we recognize
great needs at the University and WSU" and
that ."we hope they are met."
Fine, as long as MSU keeps up the attitude.
It is understandable, that MSU, while late to
AT THE CAMPUS:
Bergman cores
Double Triumph'/
THERE ARE, conceivably, experiences which would be comparable:
an Evening with Samuel Beckett, or a Kierkegaard party, but a
Bergman double feature will do. This is Bergman before "Wild 'Straw-
berries"; like Barrault he came to the cinema from the stage and
like Barrault he had trouble keeping the new medium in hand. Unlike
Barrault he is a born film-maker. Whatever troubles he had with
continuity in his early films have been conquered and now there's
no stopping him.
But this early Bergman deserves more notice than it got or, in
a
a
'
/
"Now,
Has Everyone Got One Of These Little
Figures And A Set Of Pins?"
/f
m ; , sy'
fact, than it is getting. One of those
parts, if not wholly, with anything
he has done. This is the one some-
one has called "Naked Night."
Here is a grand style with massive
tones and large, overstated ges-
tures made exciting by, the con-
tinually revealed fact that this is
somebody with something to say.
In fact he is one of the few es-
tablished film-makers today mak-
ing anything but technical state-
ments and this movie, as surely
made, yet undisciplined and per-
sonal as it is, must be historically
significant to that art from which
has been hailed as the most im-
portant in our time and needs but
the men to prove it.
Bergman does happen to be one
of the best technicians around. He
has a poetic eye which seems to a
understand movement and setting
so well as to give an almost slick
quality to 'his scenes. He knows
when his imagination should be
obtrusive and exactly on what
level to gain his effect; he has
learned much from Hitchcock.
The Daily Official Bulletin is an
official publication of The Univer-
sity of Michigan for which The
Michigan Daily assumes no editorial
responsibility. N o ti c e s should be
sent in TYPEWRITTEN form to
Room 3519 Administration Building,
before 2 p.m. two days preceding
publication.
two films being shown ranks in
! DAILY
OFFICIAL
BULLETIN
fI
* * *
"NAKED NIGHT" opens with a
scene whose effect I cannot de-
scribe. It is one of those scenes
which was conceived and executed
by a great cinematician, that is
one who understands the essence
of the moving symbol and has a
few in mind. The plot is a Berg-
man love story. He seems to be
primarily interested in the clash
of two levels of existense. He
builds his drama around the ten-
sion of people fighting themselves
while trying to make a go of it
with each other. The great prob-
lem is conmmuniction. cnmmuni-
WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 11
General Notices
Academic Costume: Can be rented at
Moe Sport Shop, ",111 North University
Ave., Ann Arbor. Orders for Midyear
Graduation Exercises should be placed
immediately.
Plans for Mid Year Graduation Exercises
Sat., Jan. 21, 2:00 p.m.
Time of Assembly--1:15 p.m.' (except
noted).
Places of Assembly:
Members of the Faculties at 1:15 p.m.
in 2082, second floor, Natural Science
Bldg., where they muay robe.
Regents. Ex-Regents, Deans and oth-
er Administrative Officials at 1:15 p.m.
in 1139, Natural Science Bldg., where
shey may robe.
Students of the various Schools and
Colleges in Natural Science Bldg. as
follows:
SECTION A:
-Literature, Science and the Arts-
front part of aud,, west section.
-Education-front part of aud., cen-
ter section.
-Architecture-front part of aud.,
east section.
--Law-front part of aud., east sec-
tion (behind Architecture).
SECTION B:
-G-raduate-rear part of aud. with
doctors at west end.
-Public Health-Room 2004.
-Flint Coallege-Room 2004 (behind