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ditorias printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers
or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints.
AY, JANUARY 6, 1961 NIGHT EDITOR: MICHAEL BURNS
Lit School Steering Committee
Cheating Report Not Helpful
"There's Some Dangerous Radical Talk About
Democracy Going Around Again
,~ a
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Members Diggin
By PAT GOLDEN
Daily Staff Writer
STUDENTGOVERNMENT COUNCIL members began digging the
trenches Wednesday night for an inevitable war over the House Un-
American Activities Committee's movie "Operation Abolition."
The movie, taken from newsreels of the May demonstrations
against the House committee hearings in San Francisco, claims the
demonstrations were Communist-tinged.
"Operation Abolition" claims that if the immediate goals of a
student demonstration coincide with the immediate goals of the
Communist party that the demonstrations will be aiding the Commu-
VIES SEDER, '61, chairman of the Literary
"ollege Steering Committee, yesterday re-
ed a report on the problem of cheating
hie College.
ie Steering Committee decided to study
problem, the report says, "because if mass
,ting does, in fact, exist, it may be possible
the College faculty to take steps to reduce
incidence."
heating, it is true, has always been a
lem here and at other institutions, and
University's rapid expansion and growing
plexity have likely been accompanied by
ncrease in the amount of cheating, and,
irally, the difficulty of discovering and
ing with it. For the Steering Committee
ake the lead in concerted effort to study
ting at the University and offer 4uggestions
combating it is surely admirable.
owever, it seems from the content of the
rt that the Committee has been largely
ing its time and has contributed little
will aid the faculty and the Admiristrative
rd in its attempts to eliminate cheating.
he report breaks down the courses in which
ting is most prevalent into three main
s: distribution courses, laboratory courses,
what the report calls "Popular Culturce'
ses, "where there is considerable social
sure to take the course-either to fill
in one's knowledge of his culture (or
ely for 'cocktail conversation'), or because,
the outstanding reputation or lecturing
ty of the professor."
his division, while perhaps interesting, is
y specious; the point is that there is a
ter degree of cheating in the large, lecture
aboratory-type classes, probably because
easier to cheat in them. If the committee's
ysis is helpful to the faculty and adminis-
on-that is, if they did not already know
t kinds of courses are liable to "mass
ting," then it is certainly valuable. But
it is hard to believe that the Administrative
Board, for instance, which "apparently, has
been handling these cases in a reasonable
manner," cannot tell, by applying sixth-grade
arithmetic, where the most cheating takes
place.
The report also notes that lack of interest,
repeated use of the same test questions, crowd-
ed testing procedure, and social acceptance of
cheating are among the factors contributing
to the problem. Anyone with either a normal
amount of common sense or a basic psychology
course, plus the usual number of friends and
contacts on campus, ought to be able to come
up with these conclusions. It needn't take a
committee effort.
In short, the report is either very nearly
useless or a real cause for alarm-alarm that
experienced administrators and teachers have
not for years been perfectly familiar with
almost all of the conclusions reached by the
study of mass cheating. If such familiarity does
not exist there is a startling lack of necessary
communication between students and the
faculty and administration, because such in-
formation as is presented in the report could
be had from any number of students almost
for the asking.
If the causes of cheating are so obvious.
why isn't something done about it? This writer
thinks that many teachers do not consider it
their responsibility to "play nursemaid" to
students. Former West Point football coach
Red Blaik's analysis of the moral aspect of the
problem; "something basic in the system is
wrong," is probably correct, but can we ask
our. college professors to destroy an attitude
that is often "built into" the student and
still pervades his social environment?
More immediate causes of widespread cheat-
ing, such as large and poorly taught courses,
are not news to anyone, least of all University
teachers and administrators.
-ANDREW HAWLEY
SENATE STRUGGLE:
Will Filibuster Rule Persist?
ABX LE RNER
The Cabinet-Maker
OW THAT the Kennedy Cabinet is complete
I have a question for you. If you were asked
basic rules of successful Cabinet-making,
at would your list of first principles be? My
ni judgment would be to. reduce them to
ee, and if you would agree with me on my
ee I would give you all the rest.
The first I should call the rule of consolida-
;ion. After his campaign victory, which is
md to have torn gaping holes both in the
rty and the Nation, the President-elect has
task of consolidating the victory. He is con-
ned with rewards for duty and ardor, the
artening of his warriors and the assuaging of
ernal Party wounds and feuds,
['here are some who say that this task of
isolidation rests heavily on Kennedy because
the slim margin of his victory. Maybe so, but
hould stress the fact that every President
es it, as every conqueror faces it. Franklin
osevelt, for example, won by a whopping mar-
Lyet he chose an essentially conservative
binet, including three former Republicans-
es, Wallace, and Woodin. Kennedy's Cabinet
by comparison, strikingly liberal, even taking
ount of Hodges and Ribicoff as middle-of-
roaders and even allowing for a Republican
asury Secretary.
n consolidating power you need to think of
ions and religions, of factions within your
n Party, and of winning over marginal vot-
from the other. You must think of getting
ir legislative program through Congress, of
as- support, of attitudes throughout the
:ld. If you are a dull President-elect, and a
oden one, you will allow this sort of thing to
you mired in a Cabinet of mediocrities. If
1 are a bright one, you will employ it to
engthen your position, and still choose a
up of men whom you don't dre to face
ry week.
Y SECOND is the rule of innovation. If a
President-elect has some ideas of how he
nts to change things, and bring the Ameri-
condition closer to his heart's-desire, he
sto use his Cabinet as one of his symbols
instruments.
say one of his "symbols" because while an
erican President gets chosen by the Amer-
electorate, willy-nilly he must perform for
rorld constituency. Europe may be scrutiniz-
his appointments for their attitude on gold
i trade, Asia for their attitude on aid and
onialism, Africa for their attitude on civil
hts and color, Latin America for their atti-
e on labor and on hemisphere problems. The
time is past when an American Cabinet could
be strictly America's affair, and John Kennedy
has acted as if he knew it.
But more than that: the President-elect can
use his Cabinet choices as a way of showing
how he feels about new blood in the power
posts, and what some of his basic values are. If
he distrusts intellectuals and trusts mostly
"practical" business leaders, his Cabinet will
show it. If he values intellectual vigor, wherever
he might have to look for it, again the choices
will show it,
From where I sit the State Department
choices (Rusk, Bowles, Stevenson), the choice
of McNamara for Defense, Udall for Interior,
Freeman for Agriculture, Goldberg for Labor,
and Robert Kennedy for the Justice Depart-
ment betoken on the whole a taste for brains,
vigor and innovation. Long may it wave.
Y THIRD rule Is internal consistency. The
trouble with a lot of name-picking is that
after you have juggled the names on a list for
a few weeks they take on a mesmeric quality of
their own, and you think about them as one,
two, and three instead of asking what they
stand for.
Henry Wriston, formerly President of Brown,
has noted that a Board of Trustees will ask a
man to be a University President, and when he
refuses they will ask their second choice al-
though the educational theories of the two men
are diametrically opposed. The same can, and
does, happen in Cabinet choices. A Cabinet may
not succeed in being a galaxy of all the talents,
but it should avoid being like Leacock's knight
who put on his armor and rode off In all direc-
tions at once.
Some Presidents have governed without their
Cabinet, and some even despite their Cabinet,
but the best President will choose a Cabinet
which will genuinely help him shape his policies
and will effectively carry them out because ba-
sically it is in tune with them. Kennedy has
picked neither a Cabinet of wheel-horses and
yes-men nor a Cabinet of cronies. Mostly they
are independent-minded men. Some members
of his official family-like Rusk and McNamara
-he had not even met before he called them
in to look them over. Yet it must be a group
with which he can be at ease and laugh and
joke because they are at ease with his ideas.
Otherwise it becomes a cave of conflicting
winds.
N PICKING his Cabinet every President-
elect puts his first foot forward: he gives the
nation a taste of the quality of his leadership--
or non-leadership. I like Kennedy's first foot.
There is, of course, more to come: the sub-
Cabinet and agency posts, and the diplomatic
posts. Thus far he has managed to persuade
(EDITOR'S NOTE: This is the
first in a two-part analysis of the
current liberal efforts to weaken
obstructionistrtactics in the Senate
and House of Representatives.)
By HARVEY MOLOTCH
Daily Staff Writer
SENATE LIBERALS and moder-
" ates, united in bi-partisan ef-
fort, are on the verge of limiting
Rule XXII-the institution which
has allowed Southern obstruction-
ists to talk the life out of most
civil rights bills.
Under the existing rule, a two-
thirds majority of Senators pres-
ent must vote to close debate be-
fore a filibuster can be ended. In
practice, such a vote has become
almost inconceivable, when the is-
sue at hand is civil rights.
A simple majority of Senators,
voting at the opening of a session
before rules have been adopted,
can establish any rules for debate
they desire. Thus the new battle
to lower the number of votes need-
ed to limit debate began on Tues-
day-the first day of the conven-
ing of the 87th Congress.
* * *
MAJORITY LEADER Mike
Mansfield led the offensive with a
proposal to require only a three-
fifths majority to quiet a race-
form reading senator. Assistant
majority leader George Humphrey
and assistant minority leader
Thomas H. Kuchel promptly fol-
lowed with an alternate plan
which would require only a con-
stitutional majority of 51 to cut
off debates.
The introduction of the two
measures brought immediate out-
cries from the leading obstruc-
tionist himself, Sen. Richard B.
Russell, who harrassed presiding
Vice-president Nixon with a com-
plicated mass of parliamentary
objections.
Finally, after several reversals,
Nixon decided that the Senate had
a right to change its own rules
for debate at the beginning of a
session by a simple majority vote,
thus precluding the possibility of
a filibuster on a measure dealing
with a filibuster.
* * *
IN WEDNESDAY'S action, the
Senate voted unanimously to pro-
ceed with routine but pressing
business while postponing decis-
ion on a change in Rule XXII.
Thus the Senate was saved from
a parliamentary deadlock, but the
Democracy
One of the developments that
has not been noticed among the
high-level political events of the
day has been the work of Robert
Benton, who has been retained by
the incoming administration for
his special knowledge.
Benton, a graduate of Waxa-
hachie High School and the Uni-
versity of Texas, is an expert on
sports and has written a book
called "Non-Contact Sports and
How to Play and Score them." Of
course, one of the most popular
of these is touch football.
Equipped with a scale map of
the White House grounds, Benton
is righ+ noU bsvr in atmnnnvr
filibuster rule remains a hot con-
troversy which must be settled in
the nea'r future.
The Humphrey-Kuchel measure
may even be voted upon today, but'
It has little hope of success. At
best it will be tabled, but tabled
rules changes have proven to sink
into oblivion in the past.
The milder Mansfield proposal
will probably not be acted upon
until early next week. The revi-
sionistsrconsider their strength
adequate to at least push this
milder reform to victory.
, * *
MANSFIELD HAD earlier re-
flected the opinion of some liberal
Democrats that pressure to change
the rules of debate would antagon-
ize the Southern bloc to the point
of endangering other important
Kennedy measures. Mansfield and
his allies were apparently won over
by the view that playing safe for
temporary credit or transient gains
would not be as advantageous as
solving a problem which would
otherwise plague the Kennedy ad-
ministration for the next four
years.
But despite the support of pow-
erful men like Mansfield and Sen.
Clinton F. Anderson, the liberals
may be overestimating their
strength. Political scientists have
observed that there are many leg-
islators who claim to be liberal,
and frequently attack the filibus-
ter, but who really favor the ob-
struction which unlimited debate
affords. They appreciate the fact
that the filibuster prevents certaiin
bills from coming to a vote which
they would have to support to
please the more liberal home con-
stituency, but which they them-
selves secretly oppose.
THE FACT IS that when filibus-
ters have dealt with less emotional
problems than race issues, they
have been broken. This was the
case with the filibuster against the
Taft-Hartley Act - a bill which
happened to be popular with Sen-
ate conservative interests.
Filibusters could also be broken
by the mere strict enforcement of
Senate rules. According to rules
which have existed in the past or
could be enacted in the future by
a simple majority, no senator is
allowed to speak more than twice
in any day, and through the meth-
od of recesses, the legislative day
could be' prolonged indefinitely.
Other rules have required that
senators must stand still, erect,
and be clearly audible. The exer-
cise of senatorial courtesy which
permits a filibuster to break the
rules to relieve himself periodically
or consume refreshments could
also be ended.
* * *
YET THE DAMAGING effects of
the filibuster, so vociferously ac-
claimed by the majority, have not
been considered disastrous enough
to bring about such action.
. Thus even if a new debate rule
is adopted, latent conservative
feeling may continue to effectively
block civil rights legislation. But
any liberal modification of- Rule
XXII, coupled with a similar'
weakening of the Southern block
in the powerful House Rules Com-
mittee would enhance Kennedy's
chances of enacting the progress-
ive legislation which he has
promised to America.
nist cause. The film also tries to
inspired, led'and supported by the
Communists,
SGC's proposed resolution would
condemn the film. An amendment
by Daily Editor Thomas Hayden
would, in addition, condemn the
committee, for alleged misrepre-
sentation of fact in the film
The'Council must base its deci-
sion not on the material in the
film alone. It must resort to out-
side information in order to sub.
stantiate or disprove the film's
implications.
Both sides have been stockpiling
weapons for the past month. Per-
ry Morton's ammunition, support-
ing the validity of the film and
the House committee's intent,
consists of several pounds of
printed matter donated by HUAC.
Hayden commands a varied ar-
senal including pamphlets, news-
paper articles pointing out dis-
tortions of fact and personal con-
tact with major participants in
the San Francisco riots.
* * *
THE INTODUCTION OF the
motion touched off a series of
diplomatic warnings about the
coming debate. Several pro-HUAC
members urged the Council to
keep an open mind until it had
seen the film and heard the evi-
dence. Most of the Council has
not seen the film yet.-
Hayden, who probably has more
knowledge of the situation than
any other Council member, said
he could no longer "keep an open
mind" on the basic question of
whether the film misrepresents
the student demonstrations and
makes incorrect implications.
Having seen the film twice, lived
with several members of the dem-
onstration last summer, and heard
the committee's position present-
ed by such as Ann Byerlein, a
Detroit nurse, who is leading a
campaign to reinstate the speak-
er ban at Wayne State Univer-
sity, Hayden argues that he has
kept an open mind .long enough
to make a value judgment and
take a stand.
"I AM PERFECTLY willing to
keep an open mind about ways
in which to deal with the com-
mittee's distortions, however," he
stressed.
Jon Trost objected to the whole
motion because the Council "does
not have the facts." He contends
that no accurate decision can be
made because the Council can
only pick its way through a maze
of partisan information and mis-
information.
This is an issue on which Coun-
cil members cannot possibly be
equally informed. It might take
weeks for Hayden to tell or write
all of the background material he
possesses. It would also take much
time for each member of the
Council to read every page of the
material Morton possesses. ,
The only information the mem-
bers willactually have n com-
mon is the film itself which they
will view as a body in the near fu-
ture If the film presentation is
accompanied by knowledgeable
representatives of both stands the
perspective will be broadened.
However, the presence of only one
outside representative would cer-
tainly be a deterrent to objectiv-
ity.
Council President John Feld-
kamp stressed that if the film is
indeed a misrepresentation, it
stands as a threat to legitimate
student action. Thus the Council
has an obligation not to bog down
in the obstructionist attitude that
a valid decision is impossible with
the available information.
Rather, members must strive to
overcome the barriers presented
by biased source material; they
must make every attempt to ac-
quire information, but then they
must apply that information to
the formation of an opinion.
show that the demonstrations were
AT THE STATE-:
'DOWners'
FRED ZINNEMAN'S production
Aof "The «SundoWners" is an
unusual motion picture, Buckin g
the common trend 4t has no junk-
les, drunkards, girls of the night,
or any other psychotic souls. It
has no profound message. The
story is not complex or intricately
worked. It has neither Hollywood
glamour nor its antithesis, stark
realism. Instead, "The Sundown-
ers" is simple, folksy, beleivable-
and successful.
And producer-director Zinne-~
man must be credite with the
success. FOr from the AImple story
of man's desire to remain on the
move as opposed to' a woman's
and boy's desire to settle, he has
created a film that 'has great
emotional appeal, belejvable char-
acters, gnd examples of cinematic
art at its finest.
'THE STORY of the Cargnody
family-Australian sheep drovers
by trade and Sundowners, Austra-
lian slang for people without A.
home-is treated in episodic, al-
most vignette-like manner. The
film has three basic sections, which
in turn is broken down into re-
lated. episodes and then smaller
memorable scenes.
The director's skill in leading
his actors through these episodes
his brilliant use of the Australian
landscape and wildlife, and Jean
Lonhert's tasteful adaptation of
Jon Clary's novel are primarily
responsible for creating the films
appeal.
The major actors, Robert
Mitchium, Deborah Kerr, Peter
Ustinov, and Glynis Johns, each
take part in scenes which help
make this film more memorable
for its parts rather than the
whole.
Mitchum, as the restless drover,
Is persuaded to take part In a
sheep sheering contest with an
80-year-old sheerer. The result is
topflight folk humor at its best,
In one brief scene Miss Kerr, as
the sturdy frontier wife, at a
railroad station, comes face to
face with a glamourous city wo-
man. Her expression, at the real,
ization of the lack of her ow
femininity, is a remarkable, i-
stantaneous, characterization of
the pioneer woman, exiled tothe
wilds as she confronts the world
of which she will never be a part.
Ustinov, glib, witty, frowning
plays himself; but that is enough.
His inflections and changing ex-
pressioans as he delivers his lines
gives the words added meaning.
Miss Johns as an inn owner, with
her distinctive voice, chasing Us-
tinov is equally engaging. At one
point she says to Miss Kerr, at
the inn's pub, "I really don't like
drinking, but I have to get drunk;
every once in awhile. Sets a good
example for the clientele, you
know?"
DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN
THE MINOR ACTORS and bit
players, most of them native Aus-
tralians, almost manage tor steal
the show. Sone appear for no
more than a scene or two, but
these scenes will be remembered.
Again, forsaking the common,
Zinneman uses the natural setting
of Australia to its greatest advan-
tage. There are no scenes of
beauty for beauty's sake. All of
his scenes of nature are an in-
tegral part of the film's action.
There are flaws, the film is a
little long and it might be too
episodic. However, "The Sundown-
ers" is one of the best pictures
of the year and certainly one of
the best American productions in
some time.
--Harold Applel aum
(Continued from Page 2)
Welfare Caseworker; prefer woman with
MA in Psych,, Sociolog;y, or Social
Work and some field experience. Will
interview BA's in same fields for a
TRAINING position.
Pittsburg Coke & Chemical Co., Pitts-
burg~h, lla.-Immediate opening as In-
strument Chemist requiring BS in
Chem. and 2-5 yrs. experience in instru-
mental analyis and methods develop-
ment in modern quality control lab,
Paterson State College, Wayne, N.J.--
Openings as Assistant Registrar and As-
sistant Director of Student Personnel
for college grads. The position of Asst.
Director of Student Personnel involves
Student counseilling, supervision of Stu-
pent housing and activlities,etc.
i. R. Doerfier Co., New York City--
Op(ning for qualifiedaJune grad as
Printing Production Man. Training ini
printing and the graphic arts neces-
sairy. F'irm 's work consists mainly of
hotel, restaurant and point of sale
promotional material.
U. S. Naval Radiological Defense Lab,
San Francisco, Calif.-Opening for po-
siti as Head of Weapons Capabilities
Branch. RS minphysical science, chem,
math., or engineering, and 3 yrs spe-
Iolixed professional exper. in research
or analysis in one of these fields.
Edgerton, Germneshausen & Grier,
Inc." Boston, Mass.-Looking for quali-
fled grad in position as senior Scientist
in Tube Research & Development. Must
have general background in field of
physical electronics. Advanced degree,
exper. in thermlonic cathodes & gaseous
discharge highly desirable. Also looking
for junior men havinig BS or MS in
this field.
Open to non-residents. 0-4 yrs. experi-
ence.
Please contact Bureau of Appoint-
ments, Room 4021 Admin, Bldg., Ext.
3371 for further information,
SUMMi1ER PLACEMENT INTERVIEWS:
American Students Information Ser-
vice--Paul F. Krynicki will be at the
Su mer Placement Service today to
talk to interested students concerning
summer work in Europe.
Camp Mowglis, New Hampshire--Mr.
Jerry Flakes will be at the Summer
Placement Service to interview men for
his camp for boys Tues., Jan. 10, from
1:30 to 4:55 p.m. His home address is:
Mr. Jerry Hakes, 116 N. 5th Ave., Ann
Arbor, Michigan, NO 3-8267.
Come to the Summer Placement Ser-
vice, D528 SAB for further informa-
tion.
Part-Time
Employment
The following part-time jobs are
available. Applications for these jobs
can be made in the Non-Academio
Personnel Office Room 1020 Adminis-
tration Building, during the following
hours: Monday through Friday, 8:00
a.m. to 12:30 p.m.
Employers desirous of hiring part-
time or teiporaryemployees should
contact Bill Wenrich, Part-time Em-
ployment Interviewer, at NOrmandy
3-1511, extension 2939.
Students desiring miscellaneous jobs
-should consult the bulletin board in
Room 1020, daily.
MALE
16-Psychological subjects (hours to be
arranged),
CINEMA GUILD:
'Greed' Rewarding
ERICH VON Stroheim's "Greed"
is, beyond a doubt, one of the
finest pictures that I have ever
seen. In spite of the fact that it
it being shown with about a fifth
of the original script, this rendi-
tion of Frank Norris' novel,
"McTeague," is a masterpiece of
fine acting, directing, and photo-
graphy.
Contrary to the impression that
all critics must say every pro-
duction he sees is miserable; I feel
this movie is practically above
technical reproach. However, there
were certain minor details that
were hardly up to the standards
of the nicture ns a whnl nn
under the direction of Von Stro-
heim, "Greed" emerges as one
of the best portrayals of human
nature in existence. Even though
the movie, as it comes to us, is
a mere fragment of the original,
we can catch the depth and per-
ceptive quality of the perform.
ances. The theme of the story,
because it has been cut to such
a great extent, suffers because
we are unable to see the many
unbearable pettinesses that must
have led up to the last scenes of
frustration and selfishness.
The mood of the story, is car-
ried out admirable; passing from
tenderness to nassion -nd nn..