Seventy-Sixth Year
EnrrED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS
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e Opinions Are Free, 420 MAYNARD ST., ANN ARBOR, MICH.
ruth Wil Prevail
NEws PHONE: 764-0552
Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers
or the editors. This nust be noted in all reprints.
TUESDAY, DECEMBER 6, 1966
NIGHT EDITOR: MICHAEL HEFFER
i
Rhodesia Slips Closer
To Racial Warfare
THE RHODESIAN CABINET'S rejection
yesterday of the tentative agreement
reached by British Prime Minister and
Rhodesian Prime Minister Ian Smith to
end the crisis between the two nations is
a shattering blow to the Commonwealth
and to the British economy.
The rejected agreement was a reason-
able one with elements of compromise to
satisfy both sidesi in the dispute. Since
Rhodesia's unilateral (declaration of in-
dependence from Britain last year because
of British demands for black African
equality in the colony, frequent efforts
had been made to resolve the conflict
without a complete economic break be-
tween the two countries, which are to a
large extent economically dependent upon
each other.
UNDER THE TERMS of the compromise
reached by Wilson and Smith during
their dramatic meeting aboard a cruiser
last weekend, constitutional power in
Rhodesia would revert from the Smith re-
gime to, the British governor, Sir Hum-
phrey Gibbs, who would then become re-
sponsible for the development of a tran-
sitional government.
Smith would have remained as prime
minister and would have made room for
some moderate white Rhodesians in the
government, as well as some Africans.
Under the plan, the new, government
would have negotiated a constitution
which would lead to statehood for Rho-
desia with guarantees of advancement to-
ward majority rule and racial equality for
Africans. The Africans would immediate-
ly gain more seats in Parliament.
As an inducement to accept these pro-
posals, Britain would have reopened all
trade and financial connections with Rho-
desia and would have moved to end the
voluntary United Nations sanctions on
Rhodesia which are now in effect.
YET THERE WERE some sticking points
in the compromise, such as Britain's
demand for a military presence in Rho-
desia to guard against another rebellion.
The\main reason for the Rhodesian cab-
inet's rejection of the proposals is that
the agreement would' have undermined
the basis of the white supremacist society
which has enriched the 225,000 whites at
the expense of the four million blacks.
Similar in formation to the South Afri-
can social system, Rhodesia's highly pros-
perous economy derives a significant pro-
portion of its strength from the exploita-
tion of the African majority. Any threat
to the stability of this system would be
naturally viewed as a dangerous portent
for the future of Rhodesia's white minor-
ity.
Thus, Rhodesia's rejection of the terms
is not entirely unexpected. Unfortunately,
the heat will now be on, since the British
Commonwealth nations are now likely to
request mandatory UN sanctions against
the rebellious colony.
THE SAD TRUTH is that the only way
to bring Rhodesia in line with the prev-
alent political philosophy of our times-
self-determination for the majority in
any nation-is the use of economic, and
perhaps military force. The consequences
for the economies of both nations will be
serious.
Britain's economy is already in desper-
ate straits, and will only be further weak-
ened by a cutoff in trade with South
Africa, an expected consequence of sanc-
tions against Rhodesia.
The implications for Rhodesia's rela-
tions with the rest of independent Africa
are also serious. During the past year,
African nations have been unable to unite
on various proposals to topple the white-
supremacist Rhodesian regime by force.
Now, in the wake of the failure to
achieve a compromise settlement, irre-
sistible pressures may well build up in na-
tions such as Ghana, Zambia, Guinea, Ni-
geria and others for creation of a black'
expeditionary force to liberate the sub-
jugated black majority in Rhodesia. The
consequences of such a move could well
be a gruesome racial war which would
eventually involve some of the world's
major powers.
PRESIDENT KENNETH KAUNDA of
Zambia had already condemned Brit-
ain for its compromise proposals. Britain
had promised to seek mandatory sanc-
tions against Rhodesia by November 30th
if Smith had not capitulated..
The right-wing members of the Rho-
desian cabinet have now demonstrated
their willingness to risk UN sanctions and
a racial war. Hopefully, the war can be
averted if the British Commonwealth is
firm in its application of all the economic
force it can muster against Rhodesia.
AT THE SAME TIME, the United Nations
has a crucial role to play through the
approval of mandatory, worldwide sanc-
tions against trade with Rhodesia. The
importance of resolving the Rhodesian
crisis and granting majority rule for the
black Africans there is paramount, if a
new, Viet Nam-type of conflict in the
heart of Africa is to be avoided.
-CLARENCE FANTO
Managing Editor
THE ADMINISTRATION Bldg.
"talks-ins of Friday and yes-
terday were both pleasing and
touching, and ultimately encour-
aging.
It is pleasing to note that neith-
er occasion produced the coercive
sit-in which administrators and
some students had glumly prophe-
sied.
It is saddening to note that on
both occasions, the student pres-
ent-who acted with considerable
decorum and responsibility and
who, by and large, were sincerely
interested in discussing serious
University issues-felt (and it is
true that for too long their opin-
ions on issues have been ignored
and that they are not individuals,
but 1/34,000th of the student body.
TO SAY that the students were
sincere-and anguished-is some-
what obvious and a little con-
descending. But it must be said-
particularly in view of the belief
of some Regents that events here
are part of a national "pattern"
(i.e. conspiracy).
If the "conspirators" in the Ad-
ministration Bldg. Friday and yes-
terday had, indeed, followed the
conspiratorial pattern, they would
have immediately ensonced them-
selves in administrators' offices.
They didn't of course.
Instead, they proved their ser-
Le tters:
To the Editor:
AS A TEACHING fellow and a
graduate student, my hopes
and plans for the future have done
a lot of fluctuating lately. Until
recently I was amazed at how stu-
dents would cling to the safe role,
the passive and dependent role.
I was disappointed that they
would look to others (ie, teachers)
for decisions about what is reason-
able and unreasonable and avoid
learning how to make such deci-
sions themselves.
And thus I became discouraged
with the prospects this antiquated
system called college held out for
the maturation of eigtheen-year-
Iolds and for my own self-fulfill-
ment as a teacher. I am not really
given much of a boost by looking
into those widened eyes so depen-
dent on me for Truth and Author-
ity, so respectful and credulous.
These students have spent the
better parts of their lives in care-
ful intellectual obedience, selling
and reselling their minds, pro-
ducingthoughthtohorder in return
for grades much as sports heroes
produce razor blade testimonials in
return for monetary favors. I did
not want to be an accessory to
this.
BUT THEN came the draft ref-
erendum, and my hopes were
raised. At last some students began
to realize that they had no con-
trol, that they had always felt
free to act irresponsibly because
their actions counted for naught.
There came talk of (good grief!)
democratizing the University.
In my class the realization by
students that they might soon be-
come citizens jarred into action
parts of their minds that had
theretofore lain dormant. Out of
their own self-interest -these stu-
dents were thinking-producing
and testing ideas-learning be-
cause for once it was intrinsically
important to learn.
NOW, HOWEVER, I am uncer-
tain. The administration remains
unmoved in the face of this effort,
dismissng it as irresponsibility.
The faculty is hesitant. And then
there are the students who are
wary of responsiility and willing
to return to the safety of their
passivity and dependency.
These students are the ones who
at the outset opposed the SGC
split from OSA, who later opposed
the first sit-in, and who now ask
that their fellow students rest
content with an advisory commit-
tee that holds no more promise of
influencing student decisions than
did any of the other advisory com-
mittees. These students are the
ones who thoughtlessly counsel
"responsibility." These are the
ones who gibly say, "The purpose
of a university is education."
It makes my stomach turn the
way they cheapen that word. I
thought I was interested in edu-
cation. Education, not memoriza-
tion. Education, not training. I get
my rewards from the ways my
students change, not from the dif-
ferent ways they express homage
to my ideas, not from the ways
they lean on me as an authority
in my field.
I HAVE FORTY-FIVE years of
productive life ahead of me. My
question is whether it is even pos-
sible for me to turn those years
over to the real task of educating.
The outcomes of recent events
should help me answer that ques-
tion.
-James Ledvinka
Teaching Fellow in
Pshychology
ious purpose by (a) getting rather
obviously cold feet about the idea
of a sit-in and (b) discussing a
wide range of University issues.
It was touching to see a physical
representation of the justifiable
anguish some students feel at be-
ing mere numbers-at being ig-
nored, at being insignificant -
then it was encouraging to see a
sign that things could change.
FOR, WHEN the "talk-in" Fri-
day decided to send a delegation
to talk with Dean William Haber
of the literary school, he was al-
ready at the teach-in, standing
quietly to one side of th3 room,
volunteering to talk with the stul
dents present.
Haber doesn't suffer from the
acute emotional and intellectual
arteriosclerosis which infects so
many of his administrative col-
leagues. He has enough common
sense and public relations skill
(other rare qualities in the ad-
ministration) to perceive sincere
concern and then to match it
with his own.
And he loves to talk about the
labor negotiator who, before going
to management's bargaining table,
would pray, "Oh Lord, make me
conciliatory but inflexible." A la-
bor economist and labor arbitrator
himself, Baber shows a rare de-
gree of understanding and flexi-
bility, at.d it came to good use
Friday afternoon.
HE COULDN'T answer some of
the stiideits' questions to their sat-
isfaction the was appalled by the
administration's compliance with
the August House Un-American
Activities Committee subpoena,
but could scarcely undercut his
administrative colleagues in pub-
lic by saying so publicly).
But he was there to talk with
the students, and most of them
were fairly impressed. How many
other administrators would want
to do that? How many would
bother? How many could do it as
well?
While Friday's gathering was un-
conventional, the University needs
more unconventional things of this
nature The University should nev-
er be so vast that students can't
talk informally with the dean of
their college. The University ad-
n:inistiation could use a few more
Habers and a lot less inhibition.
* * *
THE UNIVERSITY could use
something else: the Sesquibuddy
system.
Among such unconventional
(and rather mundane) Sesquicen-
tennial activities as a TG with
bands on all floors of the UGLI
and a "Mad Hatcher" tea party,
the Sesquibuddy system is anoth-
er unconventional idea which may
be somewhat less trivial.
Br~cfly, the Sesquibuddy system
would humanize the multiversity
students and faculty often find
themselves surrounded by. It would
end some of the grinding anonym-
ity of a huge institution, make it
far more personal, acquaint stu-
dents, Iaculty and administrators
with each others' problems on a
continuing and highly personal
basis.
AND IT IS almost ridiculously
sinpie. There are approximately
35,000 total students enrolled at
the University; there are approxi-
mate y 3500 faculty, administra-
tors and Regents.
Dividing into 35,000 gives a ra-
tio of about 10 students per aca-
demic employe. Hence a computer
could randomly-assign 10 students
to a faculty member, administra-
tor or Regent-to form an 11-man
Sesquicell.
What would this little group of
11 do? Whatever it wanted. It
would get together at least once
to introduce all its members to
each other; it would then decide
what to do from then on.
In general, such groups could
discuss common , problems. How
many students know what it's like
to oe (for exanple) a counseling
secretary in the zoology depart-
ment? How many counseling sec-
retaries know what it's like to be
a studcnt? How many budget of-
ficers ever met a graduate student
in Russian (and vice-versa)?
THE MOST intriguing effect of
the Sesquibuddy system, however,
is its snowball potential: Students,
faculty or administrators with
friends in another Sesquicell
which is having stimulating dis-
cussions could get together with
that second group. The combina-
tions and permutations are, of
course, endless.
Hence theSesquibuddy system
is an oddball but highly function-
al way of personalizing the im-
personal, making the abstract
quite concrete and introducing
people to other people. The cost
involved is minimal; the gains
are incalculable.
All it requires is the coopera-
tion of Student Government Coun-
cil, the Office of Registration and
Records, the Personnel Office, and
the Offices of Academic Affairs
and Student Affairs. They should
start meetings now to work out
Sesquibuddy assignments by next
semester.
HOW ABOUT IT, gentlemen?
4,
Education and' Student Power
always been given the freedom to
express their personal convictions.
However, a basic ingredient of
less of our personal objections to
the point of view expressed, would
make this University something
less than the great institution it
is.
From the "Michigan
Alumnus Sesquicentenual
Issue
-John Nemo.'70 (engin)
We .Apathetics'
To the Editor:
. DOUBT THAT this letter will
be published, considering how
the Daily has handled the present
situation thus far, but for my own
satisfaction and as a voice for the
thousands of others who feel this
way I must try.
WE "APATHETIC" students
who don't attend these teach-in
and sit-ins, who don't spend all
day standing on the diag shoving
repetitious yet puzzling petitions
at the mobs who go by, are-be-
lieve it or not-thinking constantly
about the developments of the past
two weeks.
Thinking and wondering. Won-
dering who instigated this plan of
action, who is the driving force
behind it and what the real pur-
pose is; wondering if there's any
significance in the fact that the
Daily has run front page articles
day after day concerning the sit-
ins at Berkeley; wondering if the
people participating know what's
really going on or are just aroused
by the excitement and sense of
"demanding their rights."
WONDERING exactly what hap-
pened to warrant the present
course of action and wondering
why others aren't wondering;
wondering if U. of M. students
want to have a "Berkeley" repu-
tation; wondering if two or three
thousand are going to give this
reputation to thirty thousand;
wondering what the hell is going
on....
-Linda Loving, '70
Science Students
To the Editor:
AS IN ALL student movements
which have affected the Uni-
versity, the present "student pow-
er" movement has met with al-
most universal disinterest among
students of science and engineer-
ing. I'm a student of science my-
self, and in general I share the
apathy characteristically hdisplay-
ed by my future colleagues. After
all, we're not going to be writers
or politicians or historians. What
does all this stuff have to do with
us?
In general, not much; but this
time I think things are a little
different. In fact, I'd say that
science and engineering students
have a special interest in the
present student power struggle
which affects them more than any
other group in the University.
SINCE WORLD WAR II our
country has seen a vast increase
in federal spending for scientific
research, both basic and applied.
In many ways this research mon-
ey has been very beneficial to sci-
ence at the University and to the
University as a whole.
Outside money not tied to Uni-
versity departments has given
many science professors the fi-
nancial independence they need
to avoid petty departmental; dis-
rutes centered around the alloca-
tion, of funds. It has also freed
University funds formerly ear-
marked for science departments so
that they can be used by non-
science departments.
But all this nice money hasn t
been without its bad effect. Sci-
entists who formerly built their.
reputations by personal contacts
among their University colleagues
and by their teaching abilities on
the camnus must now pay homage
to the great paper giant in Wash-
ington.
AND WHAT DOES this giant re-
quire to feed its insatiable maw?
More paper. A fat list of publi-
cations. Any science professor
who's on to the system knows
that the road to success is paved
with publications and not well-
taught students.
The publishing industry and the
ever-proliferating administration'
are well-served by these new loy-
alties, bat the student is left in
the lurch. He is lectured to and
discussed at but not taught. He
never sees the professor outside
the classroom, and sometimes he
needs opera glasses to see the pro..
fessor in t"e classroom.
IN GENERAL I don't advocate
the somewhat unsavory means of
protest which are being usedI il
the present movement, but what
else ; can we do when all other
avenues of communication are e-
ther c c .ed or bogged down by
infinities of red tape?
The administration is usurping
the teaching function of the Uni-
versity from the faculty and ketso-
ing the faculty happy with lots o~f
research money. Nobody objects to
this power exchange because nc-
body loses. Nobody except the sru-
dents; science and engineering
students in particular.
Student power, ridiculous as the
whole idea may sound, seems to
be one of the few means by which
this dangerous trend can be artic-
'ulated and arrested.
-Bill Moore, '67
lass of '12
To the Editor:
Honorable Harlan Hatcher
President
University of Michigan
Administration Building
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Dear Dr. Hatcher:
1 HAVE NOT written you since
n the Michigan students "sit-in"
in the Ann Arbor draft board,
which brought bad publicity, nbt
only to themselves, but to the
University.
Last week when I saw an Asso-
ciated Press dispatch stating that
some 3000 students had served no-
tice on the University of Michi-
gan that it must lift its ban on
"sit-ins" at administration offices
or possibly face mass defiance of
the order, I could not believe such
a thing could happen, but it did
happen according to a recent AP
dispatch, and it has also happen-
ed at Berkeley.
AS 'A 1912 law graduate, very
proud of my university, I deplore
the situation. My views are more
fully expressed in my letter today
to the Hon. Max Rafferty, super-
intendent of public instruction of
California.
To summarize more briefly to
you, I think that strong disciplin-
ary action should be taken with
all of those who violate the order
against sit-ins in the administra-
tive offices of the University and
that they should be expelled. I
am sure that Michigan, like Cali-
fornia, has a big waiting list of
dedicated and earnest students
who would gladly fill their places.
We cannot turn over to mass
student movements the control of
university affairs. The Michigan
constitution set up the Board of
Regents as a separate and inde-
pendent body, and all state uni-
versities, including California, have
emulated Michigan in this re-
gard.
THE BOARD of Regents and the
administrative officers of the Uni-
versity are the ones who are re-
sponsible for policy, and you must
take a firm stand in this regard.
Wishing you continued success,
I am
Scincerely yours,
-Rollin L. McNitt, '12
Splinters
To the Editor:
RE THE YOUNG Democratic
Club's letter to the Daily
Dec. 4:
Their opposition to "splinter
group activity" as running counter
to the principle of "let the stu-
dents decide" confuses the form
of democracy (majority vote) with
its content. This form begins to
have meaningful content only
when we have discussions based
on knowledge and understanding,
born of testing ideas in practice.
But we have little practice in
making ourselves a force the ad-
ministration must reckon with.
Thus the only way we can gain
the understanding necessary to
make democratic decisions is by
making hypotheses and testing
them now in action. By insisting
on majority rule in the absence
of practice we are insured of an
uninformed electorate which falls
pray to railroading and demagogy.
In order for the movement to
remain viable different forms of
action must be taken by those who
advocate them, and they must be
continually re-evaluated by the
movement as a whole.
AT THURSDAY'S mass meeting
wen talkedrfr ive hours11 about1th
1) Our fears of confrontation
are exaggerated.
2) Sit-ins need not be purely
disruptive.
3) The discussion, itself, being
about how to achieve power rather
than about structure of student
government, dispelled the hope-
lessness, apathy, and unreality of
Thursday's meeting.
4)h Perhaps most importantly,
the exchange with< Dean Haber
taught us that administrators are
not free to act as individuals apart
frm the administration.
IT IS ON the personal level that
all previous attempts at persuasion
through advisory committees and
student consultation have taken
place, and hence have failed.
While we may have feelings for
Dean Haber as an individual, as
students we owe our fellow stu-
dents a greater obligation.
In our fight for student power
we must have no more concern
for the problems of the individuals
who administrate than escapees
from a concentration camp have
for the problems that their guards
will have in explaining the escape
to their superiors.
-Karen Sacks, Grad.
-William M. Sacks,
Research Associate
-Daniel Moerman, Grad.
Freedom?
To the Editor:
FREEDOM is a situation where
everyone may have and express
his own opinions without fear of
consequences. But freedom is de-
stroyed when a person with some
authority forces his minority views
on the majority.
When Sander Kelman, earlier
this year, asked his students in
one Econ 201 class whether or not
they would like to receive grades,
a large majority voted in favor
of having grades.
Still, oblivious to the fact that
their hasty and ludicrous decision
can only have harmful effects on
their" students, .Kelman, Zweg and
several other instructors have de-
cided to refuse to issue gradesto
their students this semester.
A STUDENT comes to the Uni-
versity expecting to receive a let-
letr - grade evaluation of his
achievement in each course. That
Zweig and about 40 other instruc-
tos are depriving their students
of this righthis much more Im-
moral than the war, the draft, or
the class-ranking that they so dili-
gently and loudly protest.
The University should not tol-
erate such blatant abuse of its
rules. Allowing such instructors to
remain at the University can only
have detrimental effects on the
reputation of this fine university.
Zweig and others who refuse to
issue grades to their students, par-
ticularly when they are requested
by the "ONES WHO ARE MOST
AFFECTED BY THEIR DECI-
CION" (to quote a familiar
phrase), should be released from
the University payroll until such
time as they decide to conduct
their protest in a mature. Intelli-
gent and moral manner.
-David P. Troup,'69
Dishonesty
To the Editor:
WHAT Neil Hollenshead tried to
put over on the students at
the November 22 SGC meeting
was thoroughly despicable. Wheth-
er or not he was pleased with ,the
results of the meeting at Hill
Auditorium, he hadn't the moral
right to try to advert the stu-
dents' decision by making the mo-
4
*
*
Thank You Mr. Secretary
WASHINGTON-About two weeks ago
South Viet Nam's Premier Ky an-
nounced that he is withdrawing his en-
tire 275,000 man regular army from com-
bat duty to take up rural pacification
tasks in 1967. The combat job will be left
to the American forces.
Several days later published reports
indicateed that the U.S. will be adding
another 100,000 men to our Viet Nam
force next year to bring total troop com-
mitment to about 475,000.
In view of the fact that President John-
son said back in September of 1964 that
"We are not about to send American boys
half way around the world to do a job
Asian boys should be doing for them-
selves," this represents a sharp shift in
foreign policy.
j AM HAPPY to report that I had a
chance to ask our Secretary of State
Dean Rusk about this matter at a press
conference held for newsmen and editors
in Washington last week;
"Mr. Secretary," I asked, "I'm from
the University of Michigan where as you
know there has been a good deal of con-
cern at the war in Viet Nam - particular-
ly about a scheduled 100,000 increase in
Business Staff
SUSAN PERLSTADT, Business Manager
JEFFREY LEEDS........Associate Business Manager
HARRY BLOCH.............. Advertising Manager
American troop commitment there next
year. How do you reconcile this troop in-
crease with the fact that South Viet
Nam is withdrawing its entire 275,000 man
regular army from combat duty for pac-
ification duties."
A LMOST INSTANTLY the Secretary re-
sponded "Yes, I'm sure there are a
lot of University of Michigan students in
Viet Nam asking the same question."
-ROGER RAPOPORT
A Logical
Contradiction
IT WAS CLEAR at Thursday's teach-in
that a majority of the students were
opposed to a sit-in Friday. The sit-in was
held anyway because, according to the
leaders of the sit-in, it was a matter of
individual choice upon which the will of
the majority was not binding.
One of the specific goals of the stu-
dent movement on this campus has been
to make the ranking referendum binding.
In spite of the fact that some 5000-odd
students voted that the University con-
tinue to send ranks to Selective Service
boards, the people who staged the sit-in
maintain that the will of the majority
of the students as reflected in the ref-
erendum should be binding on the minor-
ity.
According to them, ranking is not a
r
4~
190~$
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