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Seventy-Six'Years of Editorial Freedom
VOL. LXXVII, No. 46 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, TUESDAY, OCTOBER 25, 1966 SEVEN CENTS
EIGHT PAGES
Chemical
War
Research
Sparks
Peit
Debate
By DAVID KNOKE
University Prof. Richard Mann
of the psychology department dur-
ing an international teach-in last
year in Toronto, cited the Institu-
tue of Co-operative Research
(ICR) at the University of Penn-
sylvania with conducting Viet
Nam-linked studies in biological
and chemical warfare.
He could hardly have foreseen
that such an accusation would
blow up into a year-long contro-
versy that would tear apart the
campus with bitter debate and,
in the end, essentially, leave the
situation unchanged .
The activities at the 11-year-old
. inter-disciplinary ICR were first
brought to public attention by the
Pennsylvania Area Committee to
End the War in Viet Nam
(PACEWV) on Oct. 6, 1965.
PACEWV sent an open letter to'
Pennsylvania President Gaylord
P. Harnwell asking the university
to cancel all its chemical and bio-
logical warfare contracts and make
public the previous work of ICR.
A student member of PACEWV
employed at the Penn bookstore
had observed over the summer
that of 90 books ordered specific-
ally for ICR, 20 dealt with the
diseases of Southeast's stable crop,
rice, and the dispersion of toxic
agents in the atmosphere. An-
other 30 books dealt explicitly
with China and Viet Nam.
The ICR "Annual Reports" also
described c l a s s i f i e d projects
SPICERACK and SUMMIT: "the
feasibility of the use of tempor-
arily incapacitating chemical and
biological agents in specified mil-
itary situations is currently being
studied. . . . In addition, present
and anticipated accomplishments included research into inducement1
in the biological and chemical re-,and epidemic spreading of wheat
search and development program
of the U.S. Army are being
studied."
The student peace group did not
charge the university directly with
complicity but stated in the open
letter that "as long as the ICR
remains on campus_ the univer-
rust, influenza, anthrax and rice
blast and the aerial dispersion of
arsenic and cyanide compounds.
Shortly thereafter, ICR director
Carl Chambers stated the research
was being done from a "defensive
standpoint."
Whatever skepntism remained
formal pressure group opposed to
the military research allegedly
undertaken by the ICR. In the
week following the PACEWV's
open letter, both the physics de-
partment chairman and the chair-!
man of the faculty senate came
out publicly in opposition to clas-
sified research at Penn, saying
that results of all research should
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sity is culpable in the murderous on campus about the nature of I be "freely publishable."
uses to which this research will ICR's work was shaken two weeks PACEWV picketed t h e ICR
be put." later when Deputy Defense Secre- building during the International
President Harnwell took the tary Cyrus Vance admitted in Days of Protest (Oct. 15-16) and
matter seriously enough to consult Washington and the. U.S. "had again on Armistice Day. The fac-
with Pentagon officials in Wash- resorted to a 'limited use' of aero- ulty senate adopted a resolution
ington the next day and told an sol-sprayed arsenic and cyanide on Nov. 3 asking the university
interviewer from the student news- compounds over the rice fields of administration to prohibit secret'!
paper that the Army was "very South Viet Nam." research on the campus.
upset." Meanwhile, activist f a c u 1 t y The central portion of the reso-:
Separately the same day, Prof. members at Penn had leaped into lution, approved by the "largest
Knut Krieger, director of projects the controversy, most notably meeting in recent history" of the
SPICERACK and SUMMIT told Gabriel Kolko, associate professor faculty senate, was a statement
an interviewer that ICR's work of history. Kolko headed an in- previously issued by Harnwell,
stating that the university "im- ates" rather than changes univer- five faculty members who were
poses no limitation on the free-'sity policy. considering resigning in protest
dom of faculty in the choice of Revision of the policies was left over the university's "evasion of
fields of inquiry." Contracts with to the discretion of the trustees the basic question;" he said the
the government and industry are and the principle of freedom of issue of classification was see-
!"undertaken to perform the ne- inquiry could be abrogated only ondary to the nature of the work
cessary surveillance to insure ad- during time of national emer- conducted.
herence to both the letter and gency. In March the ICR was given
spirit of such contracts in order Kolko criticized the resolution two additional grants totalling
spirt ohfr sur ssmaybsokscr iz te rotion t$900,000 by the Department of De-
Sthat their purposes may be ac- as obscur~e; his own motion to fense to do an inter-disciplinary
complished effectively, economic- condemn the specific content of study of the "threat to national
ally and equitably to all con- ICR research was defeated, security posed by cftemical 'and
'corned." The campus-wide debate con- biological agents and defensive
The faculty added a statement tinued unabated through the win- and offensive potentials 'of such
calling for the steering committee ter. PACEWV staged a demon- anti-bacteriological systems, in-
of the University Council to advise Istration, which hecklers turned cludirig their possible feasibility,"
the university upon "any policy into a free-for-all. Faculty mem- according to Krieger. Many fac-
concerning the conduct of re- bers sympathetic to the work be- ulty members were shocked at the
search programs." The University ing done at ICR held informative projects' renewal. Krieger had
Council, composed of elected mem- seminars on the nature and uses said in February, "Our work is
bers of the faculty and adminis- of chemical warfare. purely defensive and has no par-
tration, approved this resolution Biochemistry Prof. Albert Mild- ticular application to the war in
which Harnwell later said "deline- van claimed he had the names of See VIET, Page 2
}
i
Conscription ' Has Done
Teach-in Set } _ idtita 1aiI No Bio-Chem
For Sunday NEWS WIRE War Studies
NSA Vice-President, Unclassified Defense
Stanford Student Head Contracts Used For
To Speak at Hill Aud.
Where can you find a pacifist
who returned his, draft card to,
his board, a National Student As-
sociation vice-president campaign-
ing against university co-opera-
tion with the Selective Service,
and various other debaters, pro
and con, of conscripted military
service?
Obviously at a draft teach-in,
where else? Student Government
Council and the University Activi-
ties Center will co-host one from'
2:30 p.m. to 1 a.m. Sunday, Oct. 30.
David Harris, the pacifist turn-
ed student body president of
Stanford University, will speak in
Hill Aud. for abolition of con-
'~scription. He will be followed by
Edward Schwartz, NSA vice-pres-
ident for national affairs, who
will kick-off NSA's campaign for
alternative service and university
non-compliance with the class
ranking system.
The tentative schedule for the
day's activities calls for the main
speakers to wind up at Hill Aud.
by 5 p.m. A dinner will follow un-
til 7 p.m. at which time a series
of seminars will be held in differ-
ent rooms around the campus.
Workshops
Workshops from 9:30 to 11:303
on various applied 'topics will be
followed by a wrap-up from 11:45
until 1 a.m. on Monday. Permis-
sion for women in dormitories to
stay out after regular closing
hours will probably be available
for the teach-in.
Seminar topics will cover: the
viability of a national lottery; the
concept of universal military and
non-military service; alternative
services; abolition of conscrip-
tion; and university involvement
in Selective Service in general and
on ranking in particular.
t Workshop topics will deal with
more practical means of working
to achieve desired objectives. '
Decision-Making
These will include methods for
affecting University decision-mak-
ing on the issue of ranking stu-
dents on academic criteria for
the Selective Service. Also to be
considered are means of influ-;
encing the Marshall Commission's
recommendations to the President
on changes in the draft to be
made next year, and alternatives
and abolition of any form of com-
pulsory military service.
INTER HOUSE ASSEMBLY, in a meeting last night, sup-
ported the efforts of Student Government Council in holding a
draft referendum and also presented the results of a survey
concerning regulation of women's hours.
IHA, in supporting the referendum, will circulate letters and
bring speakers to the dormitories to present arguments on the
subject
The survey concerning women's hours showed that a ma-
jority of women living in the dormitories now favor abolition of
sophomore women's hours and about 50 per cent favor apartment
privileges for sophomore women
A motion was also passed which authorized the Executive
Board to endorse candidates for IHA during the SGC election,
DEAN WILLIAM N. HUBBARD, Jr. of the University medical
school was installed yesterday as the president of the Association
of American Medical Colleges.
Dean Hubbard's one-year term begins as United States med-
ical educators confront the problem of supplying vastly in-
creased numbers of both doctors and auxiliary personnel without
sacrificing the quality of American medical care.
The AAMC objectives are, according to Dean Hubbard, "to
strengthen, expand, and cooperate with all educational programs
that are important to the nation's health, with particular con-
cern for the entire span of education and training for the medical
profession and health sciences."
THE FINAL FLU SHOT CLINIC for University students, fac-
ulty, and spouses will be held from 8 to 11:30 a.m. and 1 to 4:30
p.m. today at Health Service.
* - *
ABOUT 80 FACULTY MEMBERS of the literary college re-
sponded to the invitation of residential college planners and
attended an informational meeting on the new college and its
faculty needs yesterday. The basic purpose of the meeting was
to answer any questions about the college that faculty members
interested in teaching there might have. The meeting was con-
ducted by Burton D. Thuma, associate dean of the literary col-
lege,' and director of the residential college, who said he was
pleased with turn-out.
Thuma emphasized that those who teach in the residential
college may do so either full or part-time, and will retain their
positions in the literary college. He said he hoped teachers in the
residential college will have "1) a sincere interest in teaching the
undergraduate student, 2) a receptivity to innovation and ex-
periment in the undergraduate teaching process, and 3) pro-
fessional qualifications which maintain the standards of the
parent (literary) college."
The college will start operation next fall in East Quadrangle
with 234 students.
THE NATIONAL STUDENT ASSOCIATION, a group which
opposes the draft, said yesterday that it would submit findings
on student attitudes toward conscription to the President's Na-
ional Advisory Board Committee on the Selective Service.
The findings will be obtained in referendums on 30 to 40
campuses late in November. About 1,000 colleges and universities
are being asked to hold such referendums as soon as possible,
according to W. Eugene Groves, president of the association.
The referendum will include,'questions asking whether col-
leges should cooperate in granting student deferments by releas-
ing grades, and whether the draft should be abolished.
iMicrobiology W ork
k 3
fThe University has no clas-
sified research contracts to carry
out research into chemical, biolo-
gical or radiological offehsve wea-
Pons," accordng to Geoffrey A.
Norman, vice-president for re-:
search.
A major factor is the Umier-
sity's contractual policy of insist-
ing upon open publication of any
basic knowledge that a researcher
may uncover in the course of his
investigations.
ThecUniversity in the past has
had contracts with the Army I
Chemical Corps' Biological Labor-
atories in Ft. Detrick, Maryland.
to do unclassified research in The Action for uman Rights a
microbiology. Wagner, owner of the residence
Ft. Detrick's primary purpose,
as described in the March, 1964,
Armed Forces Chemical Journal,
is "the investigation of biological R ig h ts !
agents, weapons and defenses;
against such weapons.'
Prof. Donald J. Merchant, of
the microbiology dept. in thee
Medical School, has studied theA
physiology of animal cells in vitro
(outside the body) for producing
virus. The basic research involved By SUE REDFERN
is learning how to handle the
virus and studying its interactions' Action for Human Rights an
with the host cells. ad hoc committee composed o
Merchant indicated that under University students, faculty, and
ecant c a reports sent to Ft Ann Arbor residents, decided last
Detrick may lead to further wor tnight to continue picketing the
Detrck ay eadto urter orkhome of Martin Wagner.
that might be classified. The committee charged that
Prof. Philipp Gerhardt, also of Wagner had evicted two Univer-
the microbiology dept. from 1953- sity students, Carol Sue Oakes and
1965 until he became department Sharon Johnson, graduate stu-
chairman at Michigan State Uni- dents in the school of social work,
versity, has done unclassified re- because they had entertained Ne-
search for Ft. Detrick. gro friends. The two students oc-
Gerhardt was a consultant for cupied a home which Wagner
Ft. Detrick during and immediate- owned and rented to them on a
ly after the Second World War monthl basis.
and superintendant of bio-labs at Picketing began Sunday morn-
the Pine Bluff Arsenal during the ing and continued until 5, and
Korean war. He continued to do was resumed yesterday between 3
consultation work for Ft. Detrick and 5:30 p.m. The committee plans
on his own while an employee of to hold picket lines at least until
-Daily-Bernie Baker
id hoc committee pickets yesterday in front of the home of Martin
where alleged racial discrimination occurred.
C.ro upPro tests.
RacitPr"ejudice
were notified two days later that the committee last night stated:
their rent had been raised, and "Action for Human Rights is
received notice of eviction effec- supporting the two women in the
tive Dec. 1 Tuesday, Oct. 18. following demands:
On Thursday, Oct. 20, the two 1. That they be allowed to have
women met with Wagner's attor- friends of their own choosing visit
ney, Arthur E. Carpenter of Ann them in .their home, as provided
Arbor, and reached a negotiated by law.
settlement which Wagner subse- 2. That a public written apology
quently rejected. According to for threatening the girls' lives be
Dawley, Wagner's refusal to ac- submitted to them by Wagner.
cept the agreement was the inci- 3. That the terms of their ten-
dent which motivated the com- ancy be maintained as originally
mittee to picket Wagrer's home. agreed upon (before the alleged
A Dress statement released by racial incidents)."
,Mosher Girls Submit
H 0i
Conference
At Manila
Shows Unity
General Agreement
Prevails Among Asian
Leaders and Johnson
MANILA (P) - The sevep-na-
tion summit conference on Viet
Nam entered its final working day
today with a display of unity.
If there were major disagree-
ments among President Johnson
and the six Pacific nation chiefs
of state, it appeared these would
be bypassed in the final communi-
que. They were reportedly agreed
on 99 per cent of what the final
statement would contain,
The summit conference had the
look of a high-powered peace -of-
fensive, but so far as Communist
Vietnamese demands were con-
cerned, there evidently would be
no Weakening basic allied posi-
tion.
Sources said the "hawk" ele-
ments at the conference were hap-
py an4 satisfied with points in
the 'statement dealing with the
territorial integrity of Viet Nam,
self-determination, and on con-
sultations among all the allies
before any peace negotiations.
Insistent
The South Vietnamese leaders
have been insistent on this, as if
warning there must be no ap-
proach to North Viet Nam with-
out their agreement to terms.
They were also reported seek-
ing assuraices that any peace
agreement would Anot prevent the
Saigon regime-from continuing its
efforts to break down the struc-
ture of the Viet Cong organiza-
tion.
Statements made thus far by
leaders, including President John-
son, hammered on the theme that
the Communists could not win.
The President himself said yes-
terday that allied determination
and unity would produce negotia-
tions or an end to Red aggression,
and others stressed what they de-
scribed as progressive weakening
of the Communist side.
Assistants
While the seven leaders met,
their assistants at lower levels la-
bored on the conimunique, from
time to time consulting with their
foreign ministers. Tle statement
they will produce was described by
one source as "thorough in every
sense of the word," indicating it
alwould be a long statement
with points carefully spelled out.
Although the U.S. commander
in Viet Nam, Gen. William C.
Westmoreland, told the summit
conference there would. be need
for more troops there, he drew a
picture of steadily declining Com-
munist effectiveness. He said the
troops would be needed for a pro-
gram of 'pacification and recon-
struction-what President John-
son calls "the other war" in Viet
Nam.
White House press secretary Bill
D. Moyers, after yesterday's de-
liberations, quoted Johnson as
saying allied unity and determi-
nation would bring a Viet Nam
peace either through a peace con-
ference or by a decision of the
Communist side to stop its ag-
gression
Manila Summit
The Manila summit, he said,
should proauce a unity vhich
would provide a new fuel for
peace, and he added: "Let the
bullies of the world know that
when they do attack their neigh-
bors, the friends of their neigh-
bors will be there to resist."
The United States has been un-
derscoring its view of this meet-
the University.
Gerhardt said this was a "r
unusual arrangement" buta
that it had been cleared wit
University administration.
There is no written policya
the acceptance of contract
volving controversial areas
biological weaponry. Howeve:
contracts are evaluated on a
dividual basis.
"Most of our research is1
and not oriented towards
items," said Norman.
I Wednesday. 1 t/ 1C1I1UL119I G LIL V11
ather David Dawley, a graduate stu-
added dent in social work and spokesman '
added r By MICHAEL DOVER ; if Shelley was up, conscious, and
d
h the
about)
s in-
like
r, the:
n in-
basic
end
for the committee, explained that-No
racial trouble began shortly after Nocomment. coherent she could come in at
Laoraywbeekegnswhernyagt- That sums up the story of the 7:30. In the meantime, Shelley
Labor Day weekend, when Wag- Mosher girls' petition concerning had gotten dressed and went down
ner rivd complaits fom their housemother, a petition to find out. when she could get
he Negro visitors, which perhaps-just perhaps - to a doctor.
suggests that the girls aren't on She was told she couldn't go to
Neighbors' Complaints the best of terms with her. Health Service. She then asked
Wagner's daughter Joan, who I At least one isn't: Shelley Kap- her housemother if she could call
lived in the house with Miss Oakes lowitz, '70, who has been in Uni- an ambulance from University
and Miss Johnstone, was ap- versity Hospital since September Hospital. .
proached by neighbors who said 28 as the result of a dislocated Mrs. Frymier said that it was
that they did not want their chil- spinal vertebrae. 5 in the morning and that she
dren to see whites and Negroes John Pearson, manager of couldn't leave now.
together. I Stockwell and Mosher Halls, later Shelley waited until 7:30 and
According to the committee, asked her to withdraw informa- Miss Simcoke, her resident ad-
*,r... oh hat rlaaaltoha Dniliv d r vP her over to Health
JOINT PROGRAM:
Miss Oakes and Miss Johnstone ion she ad reeasedo t ay.
were subjected to continued har- But she had already given this
Computers To Aid Classroom Teaching rassment from Mr. and Mrs version of what 'had happened on
Wagner, who threatened to evict the morning of September 27:
them if they continued to enter- In Pain
By WALLACE IMMEN remedial information and resource This is, however, just an initial dents on any of the campuses. Ittain Negroes. It was 4:30 in the morning and
A $1.2 million request from the material on specialized topics. He program between the t h r e e would give students of smaller "Joan Wagner told me and Shelley was lying on the floor
state legislature for establishment also said that not all of the ap- schools. Ericksen reports that colleges access to educational ma- Carol Sue that Mrs. Wagner di- of the fourth floor corridor of
of a three-university computer propriation is earmarked for the most of the work done will be terials already availabe at larger rected her to tell us the follow- Mosher-in pain. She had fall-
network will be used for the de- purchase of the small computers developmental, "but with steadily institutions. ing: that the Wagners wanted no en and dislocated two spinal ver-
velopment of computers as "sup- which will link the three schools. growing use for instructional pur- Excellent Position Negroes in that house, We were to tebrae. But no one knew that,
plements to classroom instruc- Training Programmers poses at schools throughout the "Michigan is in an excellent tell our Negro friends not to visit including Shelley herself.
tion," according to Prof. Stanford A significant amount of the state." position through this program,' us at our house or we had to erid ent o (ho s
Ericksen, director of the Univer- total will be used for training pro- Remedial Aids Eicksen notes, "to take the lead leave," Miss Johnstone said. decin) cometd the si-
sity's Center for Research and grammers and coders who will The plaE will commence with in delevopment of computer tech- On Oct. 2, Wagner is reported uation) called the assistant house.
Learning and Teachg. operate the equipment. A program coputer programs in portions of nology as an .educational public by the committee to have called I the housemother, Mrs. Edith
The University, Michigan State, will also be established to acquaint smthe two women and threatened rye teho he rs. Eith
and Wayne State universities are university instructors with com- course ad which w il e aid utility-"them with a shotgun if they did ier
jointly sponsoring the first step: puters as a new educational re- andiabl as rotie r d is I Wide instructional applications not vacate the house within 24 That was when the trouble be-
in a study of the application of source. . for the t o o computers are eveloping in hours. The next day a complaint gan, according to Shelley.
the comuter as an instructional I The system in use would emlo: tiona iary materials, three areas: collegiate education, was filed with the Ann Arbor Hu- T -m, n ar in , -
V180r, UU e iVCLU 1C11
Service. She was transferred to
University Hospital the nextdday,
where she was given a spinal fu-
sion to relocate the vertebrae she
had dislocated.
Again, Shelley's account is the
only one available.-
Shelley is feeling better now,
but had to drop out of schogl this
semester due to her stay in the
hospital. When she leaves the hos-
pital in about three weeks she
will go back to Mosher to live
for the rest of the term.
It has been learned the resi-
dents of Mosher were upset by all
this and drew up a petition of
undisclosed contents.
The only information that Pear-
son would release was that it was
Anior by 95 ner cent of the girls