Seventy-Sixth Year
EDiTED ANO MANA(;rp BY STUDENTS OF THEI UNFivRSTTY OF MWfcHiGAN
UNDER AUTHORfTY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS
Wher Opfnions Are Free, ...
W h piniin -A F 420 MAYNARD ST.. ANN ARBOR, wiiCm. NFws PvIo: l64-0552
Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers
or The editors, This must be noted in all reprints.
FRIIAY, JANUARY 14, 1966 NIGHT EDITOR: CLARENCE FANTO
Cutler Shares No Blame
On Bookstore Report
The U.S. Should Leave Asian Mainland
ONE RECENT MORNING we
were offered reports by two
distinguished newspapermen,! each
citing official estimates of the
number of troops needed in Viet
Nam. One of the reporters said
that the increase needed would be
from a strength of 200,000 to a
strength of 300,000 men. The other
said, "It is estimated that at least
350,000 U.S. troops will be required
and perhaps 400,000 to 500,000."
This discrepancy may be due to
the fact that each of the reporters
was speaking about a different
period of time. I call attention to
it only because I believe that the
war has become unpredictable.
that the President is .caught in a
vicious spiral. As each succeeding
prediction and promise of the
President's advisers has turned
out to be wrong, the only remedy
they have been able to offer the
President is that he should send
in more troops and do more bomb-
ing. The President, presumably
because he could not think of
anything else to do, has taken
their advice and has been con-
ducting the war like a gambler
who, when he loses one round,
doubles his bets in the hope of
recovering what he has lost.
After a year of increasing es-
calation, the area controlled by
the Viet Cong is larger today than
it was a year ago, and the North
Vietnamese have replied to the
bombing not by ceasing to inter-
vene in South Viet Nam, but by
doing what it was plain that they
would do if we bombed them-by
sending in more and more of their
trained troops. The result is that
we do not have now. and there is
not in sight, a decisive military
superiority.
IN ORDER to break this vicious
spiral, the President will have to
begin by clearing up the con-
fusion among his advisers about
our own war aims. There are two
basic questions which will have to
be answered before we can be
prepared to negotiate peace. The
fact that there is a large faction
which does not wish to negotiate
peace and is expressing its views
in the press is proof enough of
the confusion.
The first and the biggest ques-
tion is whether or not we are
fighting to preserve an American
military lodgment on the main-
land of Asia.
odVay
By WALTER LIPPMANN
The second, and closely related,
question is whether or not we
are prepared to negotiate the
peace with all our adversaries, in-
cluding the Viet Cong.
On both of these questions there
are deep differences of opinion in
the country, in Congress, and, I
venture to say, within the intimate
circle of the President's advisers.
Unless these differences are re-
solved, we are not able to nego-
tiate a settlement of the war. For
they pertain to the fundamental
issues about which the war is being
fought.
ON THE FACE of the record
the President. Secretary Rusk and
Secretary McNamara have publicly
disclaimed any intention of es-
tablishing a permanent U.S. mili-
tary base in South Viet Nam. But
these disclaimers are not believed
by our adversaries nor even by
many of our friends. For the dis-
claimers are vitiated by Secretary
Rusk's statements that we shall
not leave South Viet Nam until
and unless the government in Sai-
gon has been stabilized and its
independence is no longer in
doubt. This condition of our mili-
tary withdrawal is tantamount to
saying that for the foreseeable and
indefinite future we shall remain
to protect, to foster and to guard
a South Vietnamese government
which suits us. For there is no
prospect whatsoever that there
will be the kind of government
Secretary Rusk talks about if we
are not in military possession of
Saigon and some of the other
towns.
Almost certainly. I am convinc-
ed, the fundamental conflict be-
tween China and the United States
is over our military presence on
the mainland of Asia. Only a small
minority among us in this coun-
try have been willing even to con-
sider the question of whether our
military presence on the Asian
mainland should be. needs to be
and can be made permanent. As
one of this small minority, I be-
lieve it a grave mistake to attempt
to make permanent our military
presence on the Asian mainland.
For I believe that our being there
is abnormal-our' military pres-
ence was never conceived as part
of the national interest of the
United States. It is an accidental
and unplanned consequence of the
Second World War. Making this
artificial and ramshackle debris of
the old empires permanent and
committing our lives and for-
tunes to its maintenance means, I
believe, unending war in Asia.
(e), 1965, The Washington Post Co.
B Y NOW IT IS CLEAR that Vice-Presi-
dent for Student Affairs Richard L.
Cutler is going to recommend to the Re-
gent, on Jan. 20 that a University-oper-
ated discount bookstore not be establish-
ed, Indications that Cutler's report would
take this turn were evident as early as
last October, when his assistant, John C.
Feldkamp, 'sted several very good rea-
sons for believing the establishment of
such a bookstere would not be econom-
ically feasible.
But even though his action comes as
no surprise, cries are going up from stu-
dents who have worked for the realiza-
tion of the bookstore that Cutler has mis-,
led them, sold them out. Well, is it true?
Has the somewhat over-idealized cham-
pion of the student cause abdicated to
the bureaucratic machine?
CUTLER HAS BEEN INDICTED for fail-
ing to keep a promise to let the book-
store committee in on the content of his.
report. However, both the accuracy and
relevance of - this indictment are ques-
tionable. Cutler did not plan to have The
Daily publish the conclusions of the re-
port prior to its release to the bookstore
committee. Therefore, this publication
does not indicate that the promise was
broken; Cutler still has not officially re-
leased his report.
One administrator contends that Cut-
ler is intending to tell the committee of
the report the day before releasing it to
the Regents. This will not allow the com-
mittee enough time to prepare moves to
counter the report's effect, but the whole
issue is irrelevant because no amount of
time would have been sufficient. Argu-
ments supporting the case for a discount
bookstore have been exhausted; students
prepared their own report and solicited
the backing of other students and citi-
zens last fall.
Cutler was under no obligation to tell
the bookstore committee of his report any
sooner than he had planned. It was the
regents, not the committee, that request-
ed Cutler's analysis. And, to suggest that
Cutler should release the report to the
public before discussing it with the Re-
gents would be asking him to insult them.
CUTLER HAS NOT betrayed students
either by failing to keep a promise or
by squelching a promising student move-
ment. It seems quite clear that he has
sound economic reasons to back up not
recommending a discount bookstore. It
would be a good idea for students to
suspend judgment until they can hear
some of them. Perhaps it was unfortu-
nate that The Daily felt it necessary to
report the bookstore proposal would be
rejected before Cutler was ready to ex-
plain just why it would be.
Talks with a special consultant led
Office of Student Affairs officials last
fall to predict that a discount bookstore
could not be self-supporting. The experi-
ences of the Student Government Coun-
cil "Bookery" seem to bear this out. SGC
has decided not to continue the services,
since the "Bookery" lost money on ad-
vertising this semester and couldn't af-
ford books for a sufficient number of
courses. The fate of Prof. Fred C. Shure's
Student Book Service seems to have been
a bit better, though it is not certain his
endeavor has been a complete success,
since he refuses to release figures.
A UNIVERSITY-SUBSIDIZED discount
bookstore would defeat its own 'pur-
pose. Students would be forfeiting the
discount in the long run, since operating
funds for a bookstore would have to come
from the General Fund, part of which
students supply by paying tuition. More-
over, students would shoulder the cost
for supporting a discount bookstore in-
equitably. One discount bookstore couldn't
possibly serve all the students; it takes
five privately owned stores to do that
now. So, while all would be paying for the
bookstore operation, only a few would
actually receive a discount.
Merely because 13,000 students signed
a petition demanding a discount book-
store is no argument for the economic
feasibility of the project. Cutler has not
promised student leaders that he will
grant them anything they can muster a
great deal of support for, no matter how
unreasonable it may be, but that if
enough students support a project and
present arguments for it in an orderly
manner, he will do everything he can for
them. He has.
-SHIRLEY ROSICK
4
Rap-Up: Not Since Civil War
By ROGER RAPOPORT
LT. GEN. LOUIS B. Hershey,
who has directed the Selective
Service System since its inception,
has been subjected to a good deal
of totally unjustified criticism for
re-classifying 13 University stu-
dents who sat in at the Ands Ar-
bor draft board to protest U.S.
Viet Nam policy.
The reclassifications have pro-
voked the greatest controversy
over the draft since 1864, when
the General tried to draft New
York young men into the Union
army.
It is time for someone to come
to the defense of the General. He
has been like a father to millions
of American boys drafted into the
service of their country.
HISTORICALLY the concept of
drafting protestors is firly es-
tablished. In the First World War
the Kaiser drafted German pro-
testors, and as recently as 1964
Buddhist student protestors were
drafted into the army of the Re-
public of South Viet Nam.
Such organizations as the United
States Department of Justice have
said that theSelective Service
laws can not be used to punish
protestors. Proper procedure calls
for a trial and jail sentence if
found guilty for the protestors,
claims the attorney general's
office.
General Hershey has wisely dis-
regarded the advice of this clearly
un - American organization. He
knows that convicting the stu-
dents would merely give them,
what they want-a criminal rec-
ord making them unfit for mili-
tary service (though the Peace
Corps will still be glad to have
them).
THE GENERAL, well-known for
his work with 'the Boy Scouting
movement as a popular den moth-
er for a Washington, D.C., cub
scout troop, has of course been re-
luctant to punish the protestors.
"But I'm one of those old fash-
ioned fathers who never let pity
interfere with a spanking," says
Hershey.
Despite his lucid explanations
the American Veterans Committee
recently wrote President Johnson
that Gen. Hershey should retire,
implying that the reclassifications
suggest he is too old for the job.
This is nonsense. They've held a.
grudge against Johnson's admin-
istration ever since he banned
Barry Goldwater from South Viet
Nam.
Besides, as J. Edgar Hoover has
amply illustrated, men past the
retirement age are perfectly cap-
able of hard work, long hours and
perseverence and diligence at posts
in their country's service.
"I Have Mixed Feelings .About This Turn
Of Events"
\4 -
-
/ i~rb - p~
Letters: Viet Nam Story
'Cuba Libre' Improbable
For Several Years
To the Editor:
IN TUESDAY'S DAILY there ap-
peared an article headlined
"U.S. Diplomat Meets Viet Cong
Official, Extends Peace Offer."
The first sentence read, "A U.S.
diplomat has met with an Hanoi
government representative for a
few minutes and handed him a
message concerning U.S. proposals
for peace in Viet Nam." The rest
of the article elaborated on this
statement and gave other news on
Viet Nam.
I would like to make two points.
First, the term Viet Cong, which
in Vietnamese slang means "Viet-
namese Communist," was made
up by the Saigon government to
discredit the organization which
should properly be called the, Na-
tional Liberation Front. Since to
label all of the overwhelming
number of Vietnamese people who
support the NLF as Communists
would be to give the Communists
credit which they don't deserve; it
would be wise for Americans to
refer to that organization by its
correct name.
SECONDLY, and much more
important, the National Liberation
Front is a defensive revolutionary
organization in South Viet Nam
which was formed by many dif-
ferent groups to oppose the hor-
rible persecutions of thousands of
people durip. the Diem :egilme
and is organikationally. and in
fact, quite; separate from the
North Vietnamese government.
Thus when you say "U.S. Diplo-
mat Meets Viet Cong official" in
your headline and then state "A
U.S. diplomat has met with an
Hanoi government representative"
in the first paragraph, you are
making a grevious error in equat-
ing the NLF Viet Cong) with the
Hanoi government.
Further, it would be quite un-
likely that a U.S. diplomat would
meet with anyone from the NLF
since the Johnson administration
does not recognize that organ-
ization as a legitimate government,
even though the NLF controls
approximately two-thirds of the
territory of South Viet Nam and
commands the willing 'loyalty of
more people than does the highly
unpopular Saigon regime.
American newspaper reporting
about the war in Viet Nam is
distorted enough without such ob-
vious errors to confuse the people
further.
-Alan Jones, '66
IT HAS ALSO been reported
that the General is now out 01
favor with the President.This ham
nothing to do with the reclassifi-
cations-but is merely the 6esul
of the induction of Pat Nugent.
The potential situation is fright-
ening. Not only will activist girl
troop into the draft board but the
girl friends, mothers, sisters, aunt,
and grandmothers of men activist,
will be anxious to participate.
As long as they know they cau
bring their knitting along, womer
should have no qualms about
spending an afternoon on the
draftly floor of their local Selec-
tive Service office.
Soon the wives and girl friends
of every man sent his draft notice
would join in this lysistrategy.
LOCAL DRAFT board official
across the country would unques-
tionably be faced with their
toughest battle since they bore
arms in the Spanish American
war.
Hat pins, nail files and rolling
pins would fly rendering the men
of the local draft board incapable
of drafting the hundreds of
thousands of registrants desper-
ately needed to stop the dominoes
from toppling in Southeast Asia.
Hence it is obvious that Gen
Hershey must do something about
the six women protestors in Ann
Arbor.
IF THE GENERAL doesn't have
the heart to induct the women the
least he can do is call a news con-
ference and publicly administer a
good spanking to them.
f
s
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s
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t
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e
By BETSY COHN
(Fourth of a Series)
THE CUBAN SITUATION is little dif-
ferent from that of any other country
which has been taken over by a dictator-
ship; what is unique in the strong and
determined attitude of the refugees to
return to their country.
The plans of the Cuban lower class,
middle class and aristocracy (now as-
similated into one class, the Cuban Refu-
gees) are steeped in idealism. Neverthe-
less, their activities are very real and
their goal is clear: to overthrow Castro
and return to Cuba; however they do
not see their way clear to these objec-
tives without the help of the United
States; morally, financially and militar-
ily.
For one thing, Cuba is not a military
threat to the United States; but rather,
it is a direct threat to Latin America.
Cuba's major threat to Latin America is
subversion. Thus, the problem facing the
United States is Cuba as an active Com-
munist center and source of Communist
infiltrators.
HOW TO INTERVENE in Cuba without
starting a war is the problem which
our government has been facing for the
past seven years. There seems to be no
way to negotiate with Castro, as he is
Business Staff
CY WELLMAN, Business Manager
ALAN GIUECKMAN-........ .,,Advertising Manager
SUSAN CRAWFORD ..... Associate Business Mmner
JOYCE FEINBERG .. Finante Manager
ROBER f OHNSTQN. Editor
politically and economically dependent
upon the Soviet Union. As a result, the
State Department is left with two lines
of strategy.
First, it can work to strengthen Latin
America so that it is able to resist Com-
munist subversion. This would be ac-
complished 'through strengthening the
social, political and economic institutions.
However effective this approach may
be, it will be years before major results
can be achieved under the Alliance for
Progress; until that time, Latin America
will remain a breeding ground for Com-
munist subversion and "Cuba libre" will
remain a far cry.
The second line of strategy would be
to oppose Cuba directly and try to stifle
its economy. The policy of "Economic De-
nial," working against Cuba, has been
operating since 1960 as the only policy
short of force with which to rid the island
of Communism.
AT PRESENT, the Cuban economy is
impoverished. Incompetent manage-
ment, ideological interference and the re-
fusal of other countries to trade with it
has lowered the island's income 20 per
cent since the pre-Castro period, and
income is still declining from lack of la-
borers, manufacturers and export ma-
terials. Sugar, which was once the main
source of income, has been left untended;
thus, Cuba's main source of trade is now
declining.
According to newly arrived exiles, food,
health and general living conditions
have reached the most decrepit conditions
in the country's history, though there is
some disagreement among other observers
on this point.
Cuban refugees are anxious to oust
Castro and return to their country,
"with the help of Americans"; exile lead-
ers in Miami nin for " ' nn l in miraew!"
Cuban Exiles Seek.
Return in 1966
"IN ORDER for Americans to be
willing to give aid to Cuba
when the time comes, they must
be well informed about the situa-
tion in Cuba. Cubans are practi-
s cal, they know that their only
chance to get back to Cuba is to
r get moral help from Americans,"
a refugee said in a recent inter-
view in Miami.
Alfredo Gonzalez is currently a,
law student at the University of,
Miami. He participated in the Bay
of Pigs and was president of the
Brigade 2506, an active exile group
in Miami.
The Brigade 2506 is one of the
40 exile groups dispersed through-
out the United States. Each group
has its own tactics and schemes
for overthrowing Castro, yet all of
them are basically united around
the one purpose of going back to
Cuba.
This particular organization
works to oust Castro by means of
propaganda in Cuba. By working
to incite revolution among the
Cubans still in Cuba they hope
eventually to demoralize Castro.
"CASTRO'S ARMY is in bad
shape," Gonzalez said. "Many of
its members harrass him, and he
must spend money to keep them
mobilized. Brigade 2506 also works
to demobilize and demoralize Cas-
tro's forces by shooting at Cuban
ships off the coast which trade
with Europe. This works to In-
crease insurance rates and even-
tually decrease trade," he said.
Tactics such as these are bor-
rowed from the Communist dic-
tum, "To gain a country, one
must first stifle its economy."
Exile radio broadcasts on a'
"Voice of Cuba" program directed'
to Castro's forces say, "In your
hands, Cuban soldiers, are the
arms, and in your heart is the
courage to overthrow the dictator."
The maneuvers of the Cuban ex-
iles give hope to the people left on
the island as well.
The refugee group also plan,,
military strategy such as a war of
peripheral attack, a demolition of
all Cuban embassies and sabotage
by Cubans within Cuba.
Other groups, like the "MIRR,"
does commando work in coastal
towns; the MIRR works by infil-
trating people into Cuba to incite
antagonism against the Castro
regime. Another group, "RECE,"
also does commando work, but
acts mainly through diplomatic
channels.
The CTO (Confederation of Cu-
Ramon Martin, currently the
head secretary general of the CTO
in Miami and formerly a member
of the Confederation of Cuban
Gabor, Federation of Medicine, said
that "Here (in the U.S.) the CTO
cannot serve our members as it
did in Cuba. Rather, we must
work as a liaison with the CTO
in order to gain better conditions
for our laborers. We also wore
with our laborers to help them in
their relations with American
workers, but our main purpose
here is to free Cuba; to do this
we need the support of all Amer-
Icans and Latin Americans such
as Cuba received frpm Russia.'
Martin explained that while he
thought the majority of Americans
are misinformed or totally unin-
formed about the Cuban situation,
"The American government as
well as all the exile organizations
have spies in Cuba and an active
underground which keeps the gov-
ernment and agencies well-in-
formed about what is happening
in Cuba today."
The Cuban exiles are an ideal-
istic group. They have a strong
love for their country. Unfortu-
nately these are the strongest fac-
tors in their favor at present.
They realize that the only way to
return to Cuba is to rid the coun-
try of Castro, or to take advan-
tage of an internal uprising in
Cuba.
"In either case," Gonzalez said,
"the United States will have to
give Cuba full support. If Cas-
tro was to be assassinated, the
Americans would be the only pow-
er which Cubans would respect;
they would, have to help Cuba
build a democracy.
"If there was to be an uprising,
within Cuba, it would have to co-
incide with an external attack
from U.S. and Cuban forces."
Other Cuban officials expressed
the same viewpoint. An ex-high
official, wishing to remain an-
onymous, said, "The U.S. will have
to act in this hemisphere, other-
wise they will repeat the Do ini-
can defeat. The Communists have
penetrated this hemisphere and
the cancer is in Cuba."
Menocal, ex-mayor of Havana,
agreed. "The first blood will be
Cuban.' There must be a well or-
ganized Cuban front but it will
have to be backed by the United
States.
"An internal uprising in Cuba
must be spontaneous but it must
also coincide with an outside at-
tack by Americans and Cuban ex-
iles"
When asked when they hope to
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LAT 7.ENC'E KTPSHBAUM
Managing Editor
FOBERT HTPPIER
Editorial Director
JUDITH FLEU s ,. .. Personnel Ulrector
LAUREN BAHR Asseiate Managing Editor
JUI)TTH WARREN . .. Asistant Managing Editor
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