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I
"Who Has Who in the Bag?"
AT THE CAMPUS:
Blood, Bus Dominate
In Amateurish Illage
FTER MANY current documentary films on Africa, the only thing
unique about "The Sorcerers' Village" is the translation of the
native chants into English.
The rendering of daily events into song is singularly literal. At one
point, litter-bearers toting the exploration party openly compose a
ditty describing the meal they will make of their employers.
The translations emphasize the proximity of the natives to nature,
and to their ritual systems exercised to exert influence over forces
beyond their physical coitrol. Nevertheless, it's hard to believe that
DAY, JUNE 28, 1960
NIGHT EDITOR: ANDREW HAWLEY
li
Motive for Legion Award
Refusal Commendable
the African Negroes
dance all the time.
sing and
NOW THAT the dust kicked up by Stephen
Bayne's dramatic rejection of an American
Legion citizenship award has begun to settle
a little, a closer inspection of his action and
its motivations appears to be in order to deter-
mine whether he is really a "spunky non-con-
formist" as he has been called, or simply an
immature exhibitionist.
The answer is probably neither. When the
17-year-old senior from Westbury High on
Long Island heard himself announced as the
award winner he astounded the audience by
jumping up and shouting: "Wait! I refuse to
accept an award from an organization I can't
respect." He thereby launched a controversy
which will probably not be entirely forgotten
until long after he leaves for Harvard in the
fall.
Hurt Dignity
SAN FRANCISCO (P) - Hundreds of angry
California Legionnaires manhandled four
youths picketing the state American Legion
convention Saturday.
Most of the 2,000 delegates swarmed out
of the auditorium and surrounded the quar-
tet. The youths carried signs reading, "Don't
resurrect McCarthyism," "Legionnaires, why
must you kill the U.N.?" and "We must keep
our civil liberties."
The signs were torn from the youths and
destroyed.
Some delegates shouted, "Go back to Rus-
sia," "Theye're Communists," "Kill them,"
and "Get them.
Later when the Legion delegates recon-
vened, they were reprimanded by their state
commander, Sidney L. Gelber of Hollywood.
He said that when he made a loudspeaker
announcement about the pickets outside he
admonished delegates "to act with dignity."
"Apparently some of you did not," Gelber
said. "When you push someone down the
-street, that's just what they want."
A DIGNIFIED announcement, Mrs. Gel-
ber. Now, tell us, what did you expect
your delegates' reaction to be?
-K.M.
HIS REFUSAL of the award is in itself highly
commendable, certainly. It is always satis-
fying to see a young person place personal con-
viction above personal glory and stand up for
his own ideals. In this case it is particularly
refreshing to observe a protest against the reac-
tionary, often narrow-minded practices of the
American Legion if, indeed, this is what Ste-
phen's protest was.-
But any ideal, however noble, can lose much
if not all of its value when it is tactlessly and
gracelessly defended.
This is what seems to have happened in Ste-
phen's case. The boy disrupted the proceedings
of an official school function, publicly em-
barrassed the administration and faculty who
had done nothing to earn such a discomfiture,
and was needlessly rude to a man who had
come in all good faith to offer him an award.
WAS ALL THIS necessary in order for Ste-
phen to defend his principles? Probably
not. There are conflicting reports on whether
he was expecting the honor from the Legion.
But whether he was confident of receiving
it or not he must have realized that the,award
was to be presented and that he .was a likely
recipient.
If his only concern had been maintaining
his self-respect, he could have told his principal
his feelings before the awards were presented.
Instead, he chose to make a public declara-
tion of his beliefs in a way which almost justi-
fied his principal's condemnation and the Le-
gion's wrathful prophecy that he had made "a
lifetime mistake" which would "plague him."
Even then, Stephen could have emerged vic-
torious if he had made a quiet, intelligent state-
ment of his objections to accepting the award.
But he didn't. As Life Magazine put it, he "kept
unhappily to his home, offering no explana-
tion." This silence after his unexpected out-
burst only served to strengthen the impression
that he had behaved hastily and, far worse,
that he was ashamed of his action.
THE ONLY PURELY commendable deeds of
the whole incident were the refusals of two
of Stephen's classmates to accept other honors
which had been originally intended for him.
It is too bad that Stephen's rashness spoiled
what might otherwise have been a well-deserved
eye-opener for the American Legion. His mo-
tive was praiseworthy; it is to be hoped that
his ideas, if not his actions, will set a precedent.
-JUDITH OPPENHEIM
', . W;' 1 .Y,'. 7 -.
r- t "r s
;. ; ^
ON
OFTEN THE native spectators
appear unconcerned even in the
dangerous parts of the ritual cere-
mony. Perhaps they share a com-
mon sentiment with Christian
churchgoers; they have seen it too
often to expect anything to hav-
pen.
But it isn't all song and dance.
One tribe has a rule that young
boys must kill one of their parents
before entering manhood. An idea
not utterly without merit, though
no explanations were given about
what happens to a third son.
As an amateur undertaking, this
film would rate slightly better than
slides during an evening with the
relatives. Only one white couple
appear in the movie, and from
the excessive nfimber of shots
displaying mammary glands of
varying sizes, it's obvious hubby
did most of the photography work.
* * *
A NUMBER of scenes are vague-
ly obscene and somewhat unc-nn-
fortable. Biting a poisonous snake's
head in the ecstacy of the dance
is not artistic by Western stand-
ards regardless of the skill and
daring..
The blood sacrifices of one tribe
were nothing more than sloppy.
And throughout, the director Cap-
tain Davis showed an aggravating
tendency to focus on bugs, reptiles
and other minutiae that seemed
designed to make the audience
squirm.
Maybe it is expecting too much.
for explorers recording life in the
back regions of the Ivory Coast
to apply great measures of deli-
cacy.
Even so, the efforts of Wat
Disney in this area come to mind.
He took technical liberties to
produce an artistic effect, sucn as
speeding up the montage to show
a plant growing up through the
soil.
It is this artistry and delicacy
that is completely absent in "The
Sorcerers' Village."
-Thomas Brien
-It- L C>A
' t 4 sp. y.SH"N.6'Cvaj P.S,
WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND:
U. SEworld Position Slipping
:A By DREW PEARSON
MAX LER NER
Native Nazi
HISTORY IS always incredible, and the pres-
ent no less so than the past. Who would
have thought it possible that anyone would be
mad enough, after the Hitlers and Streichers
and Eichmanns, to found an "American Nazi
Party" and to avow the aim of sending "Jewish
Communists" to the gas chambers? Or that
such a man could until recently have held a
commission as commander in the United States
Naval Reserve? Or that the question of grant-
ing him a public permit to hold a meeting in
a public place, for spreading his doctrine,
should be evoking so much debate?
This could happen only in a democratic so-
ciety like the American. It is at once the weak-
ness and strength of Aemrice, that it lays itself
open to such divisive movements and that it
overcomes them not by force or repression but
by the method of freedom.
America has had to face problems like that
of the Rockwell lunacy time after time. What
gives added point to the current episode is
that it comes so soon after the Eichmann cap-
ture, while the world is still in recoil from
the millions of mur'ers he committed. Just
at this moment a man comes forward for whom
Eichmann is obviously a figure not of horror but
of heroism, and offers in effect to carry on the
work Eichmann left unfinished.
He offers moreover to invade New York City,
which for the Nazi lunatic fringe has been
known as the "Jewish City," and to make his
speech at Union Square, associated for years
with Communist headquarters and Communist
soapbox speeches. His purpose in using these
symbols ought to be clear enough.
I DON'T SEE HOW anyone could have hoped
that his challenge would go unnoticed. I
think the Jewish war veterans and other or-
ganizations made the wrong decision in raising
a clamor about Rockwell, and I think Mayor
Wagner could have solved his difficult problem
more imaginatively than he did when he banned
the meeting because of its potential threat to
public order. But it is hard to criticize unless
you have a better answer.
I must add here that even the Supreme Court
has not given a clear lead on the question of
what a city can do about these vestpocket
fuehrers who use the streets and public places
to stir the animal hatreds in men and incite
them to strife and death. In the famous Ter-
miniello case, in 1949, the Supreme Court ruled
that even where there had been a local breach
case, the same court upheld a Rochester arrest
and conviction of a street speaker on the ground
that he was inciting to riot and that the police
have the duty to prevent a riot.
The late Justice Robert Jackson, who presided
at the Nuremberg trials of the Nazi leaders and
was a realist about Nazi hate peddlers, often
pointed out that you cannot have free speech
as an absolute in a city like New York. He
described it as a "frightening aggregation" of
people, where "all races and nationalities and
all sorts and conditions -of men walk, linger and
mingle," and where racial and religious hatreds
are like dynamite charges which can be set off
with explosive destructiveness. The Supreme
Court is still torn by these two opposing trends
-of putting freedom of speech first or putting
the protection of people first.
MY OWN FEELING is that we cannot choose
clearly between them unless we answer two
basic questions. How do nations die? How do
men achieve a life of reason?
If you believe that nations die by internal
discord, then by all means clamp down upon
the Rockwells and their maggoty doctrines. But
if you think that nations like America have
done remarkably well in achieving a mingling
of races and religions, and that the real danger
they face is from a closure of ideas, then it is
best to stick by freedom of speech even when
risky.
My reading of German history is that Hitler-
ism triumphed in Germany partly because the
Germans had no strong tradition of civil lib-
erties and the rights of minorities. A people
that neglects civil liberties is bound to neglect
the rights of minorities. A people that believes
deeply in the first is bound to believe deeply in
the other. The American civil liberties tradition
is strong. Let us keep it strong, as a better
protection against native Nazis than any police
clubs could be.
AS FOR THE OTHER question-how do men
achieve the life of reason?-I think they
do it only by practicing it actively. It would
be better to let Rockwell hold his meeting, with
police there to keep violence from erupting. But
it would be a good idea to have a joint con-
demnation of Rockwell's doctrines published
before the meeting, coming from every religious
and civic group, every racial and class stratum
of the city.
Thrp arP PPdnqof heaA ~antcaviln in Pat-,
WASHINGTON - President
Dwight D. Eisenhower is
shortly reporting to the nation on
his trip to the Far East.
If it is like his report after the
summit failure and after our set-
back from the Russian Sputnik,
this telecast is likely to be what
Gov. Nelson Rockefeller described
as evasion of strong action by
the use of "strong slogans." . . .
the technique of "answering great
questions of the future with worn
answers from the past."
It is not pleasant to criticize Lhe
President of the United States.
However, as Gov. R o c k e f e 1 e r
blunty stated, the time for pussy-
footinig in sizing up our position
as a nation is gone. And as the
President reports to the nation,
the fact is that the nation he ad-
dresses has suffered more diplo-
matic defeats, more political set-
backs, greater loss of prestige
than during any period in the
last century.
IN THIS HEMISPHERE, we
find Commusnism almost taking
over a key island only 90 miles
from our shores. We have experi-
enced humiliating riots in the
Panama Canal, the American flag
spat upon, and ex-president Ri-
cardo Arias defeated for presi-
dent because he was a good friend
of the United States.
In this hemisphere, we have el-
so seen a recent election in Ecua-
dor where an outstandiing states-
man, ex-president Galo Plaza, ed-
ucated at the University of Mary-
land, was defeated for president.
largely because he too was friend-
ly with the United States.
* . *
IN AFRICA we have seen Rus-
sia building the Aswan Dam, a
projesct considerably bigger than
our biggest dam, Grand Coulee,
and doing a very efficient io o
it in an area which controls the
gateway between Europe and Asia,
where Anglo-Saxon prestige once
was supreme.
In Asia we find revolts in South
Korea and Turkey have cut the
political ground out from under
leaders on which we bet our mon-
ey, our prestige and our military
might.
In Europe, we find our allies
backing us publicly but warning as
privately that we have got to
mend our blundering ways. Qnly
last week we found our ambassa-
dor for disarmament, Frederick
.aton, former director of Monsanto
Chemical, scurrying home from
Geneva because of a French and
British warning to revise our arms
stand or lose their support.
Finally, and perhaps most im-
portant, we have lost the effect-
iveness of the chain of bases e -
tending around Russia, from West
Germany to Japan.
* ,* *
CHIEF PURPOSE of these bases
has long been observation. They
are outmoded for conventional
military retaliation. But they were
extremely important for U-2 sry
flights. Now these flights are
banned.
In fact it's the height of irony
that Prsident Garcia of the Phil-
However, national power and
prestige doesn't coast downhill ov-
ernight. It erodes gradually, and
a great many bungles went Into
the present accelerated slide which
has gained such momentum since
the U-2 incident.
Part of the blame, howeve,'
must go to Democratic leaders who
wrapped the protective flag of bi-
partisanship around Eisenhower
every time he came home from a
defeat or let a crisis flare up to
embarrass the nation.
the caption "Rally the people of
Harrlem to buy from Negro-owned
liquor stores" a list of all "Har-
lem Negro-owned package liquor
stores."
THE SECRET testimony which
caused the House Agriculture
Committee to reverse itself re-
garding the Cuban sugar quota
was a statement by Secretary of
State Christian Herter that Fidel
Castro and his brother, Raul, "are
so close to it (Communism) you
can't tell the difference."
Shortly Defore this revelation,
congressmen sparred with the
Secretary of State as to whether
you could measure pro-Commun-
ism by the ton.
House Democrats were furious
over a charge by Rep. William E.
Miller of New York, chairman of
the GOP congressional committee,
that they were pro-Castro because
they refused to give Eisenhower
the power to fix sugar quotas.
"SOME OF OUR Republican
friends," objected Chairman Har-
old Cooley of North Carolina, "are
saying that the Democrats are
soft on Communism because we
dan't want to make a martyr out
of Castro by cutbacks at this time
in Cuba's sugar quota. Do you
wish to repudiate that ridiculous
accusation?"
UNREST IN CUBA:
New Pa tys Manifesto
Challenges Castro Rule
"I do not wish to impugn the
motives of any members of Con-
gress," replied Herter.
"The Republicans are for a
three - million - ton quota from
Cuba," broke in Mississippi's Tom
Abernethy. "At what tonnage do
you become soft on Communism?"
"Something like that can't be
related to tonnage," Herter
hedged.
(Copyright 1960, by the Bell Syndicate)
INTERPRETING:
Talks End
In Cynicism,
By J. M. ROBERTS
Associated Press News Analyst
THE GENEVA disarmament con-
ference has ended where it,
began-in cynicism.d
It convened last March as a
concession to that branch of world
thought which contends that the
big powers must keep trying to
compromise their differences re-
gardless of the realities of the
moment.
Both sides expected . to make
some cold war profits out of it.
The West thought it might be
possible to put some disarmament
questions in such shape that they
could be submitted to a summit
conference. No real hope of agree-
ment was entertained, but as long
as such issues could be kept under
discussion at such a level, it might
have served to prevent or delay a
crisis over other points of con-
filct, such as Berlin.
* * *
THE SOVIETS thought there
was propaganda hay to be made
among the less powerful nations,
as well as an opportunity of divid-
ing the Allies, among whom Bri-
tain was known to be most amen-
able to compromise.
In the background, as always,
was a situation in which there
was no yielding whatever on major
points of conflict-a situation in
which retaliatory power was the
only real deterrent to war.
With the West about to come
up with a codification of its uro-
posals in a new propaganda at-
tempt, the Soviet Union decided
to divert the whole thing into its
current effort to blacken the
character of the United States.
* * *
THE CHIEF result is to further
narrow the bottleneck through
which, since the Khrushchev-
Eisenhower split, communication
between East and West is being
kept alive. It is a setback to the
whole "keep trying" school.
Pressure will develop in Wash-
ington now to have the United
States retaliate by breaking off
negotiations over a nuclear testng
ban which have been going around
in circles at Geneva for nearly two
years.
The net effect of these negotia-
tions has been to put the United
States under a testing moratorium,
* * *
BOTH SIDES accepted this so-
called temporary moratorium as
a stop to world fright over fall-
out, and would be embarrassed to
have to break it. But the United
States needs to test, and there is
some fear that the Communists-
perhaps through Red China-are
evading or will attempt to evade
the ban.
And speaking of Red China, the
mere thought of what the Com-
munists may eventually be able to
do from that base is sufficient
commentary on the lack of reality
attending any disarnament dis-
cussions these days.
DAILY
OFFICIAL
BULLETIN,
The Daily Official Bulletin is an
official publication of The Univer-
sity of Michigan for which The
Michigan Daily assumes no edi-
torial responsibility. Notices should
be sent in TYPEWRITTEN form to
Room 351 Administration Build-
ing, before 2 p.m. two days preced-
ing publication.
TUESDAY, JUNE 28, 1960
VOL. LXX, No. 68
General Notices
University of Michigan G r a d u a t e
Screening Examinations In French And
German: All graduate students desiring
to fulfill their foreign language re-
quirement by passing the written ex-
amination given by Prof. Lewis (for-
merly given by Prof. Hootkins) must
pass an objective screening examina-
tion. The next administration of the
objective screening examination will
be on Wed. June 29, from 7 p.m. until
9 p.m, in Auid. C, Angell Hall. Within
48 hours after the examination the
names of the students wno have passed
will be posted on the Bulletin Board
outside the office of Prof. Lewis,- Ex-
aminer in Foreign Languages, Room
3028, Rackham Bldg. Students desiring
to fulfill the Graduate School's re-
quirement in French and German are
alerted to an alternate path. A grade
of B or better in French 42 and Ger-
man 12 will satisfy the foreign lan-
guage requirement. A grade of B o1
better in French 11 and German 11 is
the equivalent of having, passed the
objective screening examination."
Classical Studies Coffee Hour: Tues.,
June 28, Kelsey Museum of Archaeolo-
By WILLIAM L. RYAN
Associated Press News Analyst
THE LATEST batch of exiles
from Cuba report Fidel Castro's
massive popular support to be
dwindling rapidly and that only
naked force can keep the young
man with the beard in control
of the island.
If Castro had kept the promise
-he made when he drove Batista's
dictatorship out of Havana, Cu-
bans would be voting this month
in free elections.
Castro promised to hold elec-
tions within 18 months of .the
New Year's Day, 1959, revolution-
ary victory. Today, any Cuban
suggesting an election risks going
to jail as a traitor to that same
revolution.
A NEW organization, therefore,
shrewdly chose this month to pose
what seems a potent challenge to
the Castro regime. The sponsors
of the Democratic Revolutionary
Front (DFR) at present are in
Mexico, the place from which
Castro launched his ultimately
Mystery Australian Tag Team
successful revolt against Fulgencio
Batista.
The new organization appears
to have much more cause to hone
for success than Castro had in his
early plotter days.
The DFR evidently intends to
drench the island with its newly
adopted manifesto. It will have a
wide audience in a country where
support of the new leader, by the
most accurate reckoning avail-
able, has dropped drastically.
* * * .
THE MANIFESTO lists Castro's
abuses, the wreckage of the econ-
omy, the regimentation of work-
ers and farmers, the partnership
with Communism, the broken
promises.
It pledges retention of the idea-
while discarding the totalitarian
methods-of land reform in Cuba.
It will have no part of anything
smacking of the defunct, corrupt
Batista dictatorship. Both these
planks are of extreme importance
to anyone seeking Cuban popular
support.
The DFR lineup is a powerful
one. Its leader is Manuel A.
(Tony) Varona, leader of the Au-
tentico (authentic revolutionary)
party, once Cuba's biggest. He was
prime minister under President
Carlos Prio Socarras, who was
overthrown in the Batista coup of
1952.
WHILE THE Prio Socarras re-
gime had a reputation for cor-
ruption involving theft of millions
from Cuba's treasury, Varona was.
known as an honest man. Under
his direction the Autentico Party
gave important support to the
Castro rebellion against Batista.
When the revolution triumphed,
Varona was to have been the Au-
tentico candidate for president in
those elections which never ma-
terialized.
Another strong personality in
the DFR lineup is Aureliano San-
chez Arango, former Havana Uni-
versity professor and leader of
the Triple A rebel organization
which helped Castro to victory.
once a Communist, Sanchez Ar-
ango now is a militant opponent
of Communism.
Three other men signed the
manifesto: Manuel Artime Buesa,
representing the Cuban movement
for recovery of the revolution and
a Castro lieutenant during the
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