PAGE TWO
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'FETISH OF USAGE':
Follett Cites New Dictionary
Group Works To Revise
'U' Medical Instruction
'HUMAN BIOLOGY':
Tests Theory Linking Fertility, Blood
?t
By JOHN CONLEY
"If you find a bullet of a sharp-
shooter' in these woods, you must
look in the object not around it."
Author and essayist Wilson Fol-
lett cited these , words from Feni-
more Cooper's Leatherstocking
Tales, both to begin and end his
lecture yesterday in the Confer-
ence Series for Teachers of Eng-
lish. Follett launched a plea for
clarity in writing and for a more
traditional approach to language
than that signaled by the recent
publication of the Merriam-Web-
ster New Third International Dic-
tionary.
Widely known for his contro-
versial "Sabotage in Springfield,"
in the January "Atlantic" Maga-
zine, attacking the assumptions of
the first major revision of the big
unabridged dictionary in almost
30 years, Follett deplored the trend
to looseness in writing and lan-
guage.
Follett's Fetish
IHe called his lecture "The
Fetish of Usage," a fetish being,
for example, a "superstitious rev-
erence" for the 97 citizens who are
wrong, as he asserted, when they
say "One of the stores that sup-
plies clothes" instead of "supply."
(Continued from Page 1)
I
usage has become tighter and
more precise in its use over the
last century, among them prohibi-
tions against the use of "dangling
participles" and ill-punctuated re-
s t r i c t i v e and non-restrictive
clauses.
Language Continuum
His way of defining "usage".is
"the continuum of language, the
English that matters, the speech
their overall academic schedule
under tutorial counseling by men
from both schools.
By this method, a "gradual
blending" would have replaced the
two often unrelated four-year seg-
ments of medical education, Wolf-
man said.
Now, for the first time, students
would be allowed to take certainE
keep up, we must make every ef-
fort to utilize the total facilities
of the University," Prof. Gosling
said.
Final Problems
Before the committee makes its
final recommendation, however,
it will have to tackle some final
problems, such as the definite
criteria for admission and how far
into each school the program
should extend.
Others besides Prof. Gosling and
Wolfman on the joint committee
are Associate Dean James B. Rob-
ertson and Assistant Dean Hayden
Carruth of the literary collega.
Honors Council director Otto Graf,
and Professors Horace Davenport
of the physiology department, Wil-
WILSON FOLLETT
... new dictionary
that we inherit." He spoke of Medical School courses before, or
Cooper's great-grandson, Paul in conjunction with, literary col-
Coopers gret-ranson, auln lege offerings, instead of being
Fenimore Cooper, himself a recent bound to the traditional "con-
American author, who used only a veyor-belt" pattern of liberal arts
handful of words in his "Islands training, then Medical School
of the Lost" that his famed an- training, Prof. Gosling pointed out.
cestor would not have understood. The new program would also
English has changed in 130 take heed of the growing concern
years, Follett conceded, but largely by Medical School faculty mem-
years Foslethedeydhm fbtsarseny bers of the need for doctors to
in its tune, the rhythm of its sen- achieve a mastery of social#
tences, its composition, not in the sciences and other liberal arts
words themselves, comparable to the background at-
With a gentle barb for famed tained by the typical University
linguistic pioneer Otto Jespersen, student, he added.
whom he called "The Great Group Size Limited
Dane," Follett said that people A very limited number of stu-
who find themselves confused by dents, probably about 10, would
today's competing schools of dnmprobably abou i0 woul
thought must "pick their way not comprise the first group in the
by flloing(a etih o) uageprogram, but if the scheme i~roves
by following (a fetish of) usage successful, the number would be
boutic taste ,common sense grammaenlarged.
liberate choice among possibilities, This new two-year experiment,
not all of which are good" t intended not to accelerate but to
improve medical education, results
Answer Questions from "the feeling of a number of
I
Disclaiming the "liberal con-
structionists" of grammar, Follett
declared that "prescriptive gram-
mar in the old sense" is very valu-
able "in telling us what to do and
warning us what not to do."
He then went on to trace a num-
ber of instances in which English
The U of M Newman Club
invites you to a presentation on
EASTERN RITE
ROME, RUSSIA & REUNION
by FATHER EMIL MASICH
8:00 ... Wed., July 11, 1962,
THE NEWMAN CENTER ..331 Thompson St.
Follett capped his advice by an-
swering his own question: "Is
whatever is used right and good?
"No, I don't think so," he said,
"despite the articles that seem
to say so. We find ourselves
stranded in a position from which
we must find our way from the
less good to the better, since not
all that is, is right and not all
judges are equally good.
"'Usage,' as the word is now
being used, will not give us the
answers. 'Usage' simply cannot
make singulars agree with plurals
people in the Medical School that
if, medical education and the.
people entering it are going to
'U' To Present
British Drama
liam Dawson of the zoology de-
partment, Robert Hunter of the
anatomy department, Wyman
Vaughan of the chemistry depart-
ment and John Weller of the in-
ternal medicine department.
The group's work on the new
coordinate program is the latest
in its efforts to further communi-
cation between the literary college
and Medical School, Wolfman
said.
Establishes Counselors
Other accomplishments have
been the establishment of two
counselors in the junior-senior
counseling office in Angell Hall to
help guide prospective medical
stuents, and the sponsorship of
Medical Career Day Conferences,
which include talks and illustra-
tions of what a career in medicine
is like.
At last year's conference, for
instance, approximately 140 pre-
medical students, seven from out-
of-state, convened in Ann Arbor
for the career day.
Sample Patient
The conference featured a
sample patient, whose disease was
quickly diagnosed by the Univer-
sity doctors, who afterward ex-
plained how the students' courses
were relevant to the medical ex-
amination. -
A panel discussion on admis-
sion procedures, plus a tour of the
Medical Center, rounded out last
year's conference, and Wolfman,
'citing favorable student response,
said another such program will be
offered this fall.
Wolfman said the students in
attendance displayed a wide range
of questions and exhibited much
interest in the fundamental ad-
missions standards held -by the
Medical School, as well as the vo-
cational and career aspects of
medicine.
By ALAN MAGID
A theory that blood types can
influence fertility is currently be-
ing tested by Redger Heglar of the
anthropology department.
Married couples who have been
unable to produce children are
referred to Dr. Samuel J. Behrman
of the Medical School's gynecology
department, who is jointly con-
ducting the research with Heglar.
Dr. Behrman heads a clinic which
counsels couples faced with prob-
lems of fertility.
"Over the past three years, 40 to
50 couples have been referred to
me. They come to my attention
because they are not suffering
from any apparent physiological,
anatomical or psychological causes
for their infertility," Heglar said.
Blood Protein
Blood type is determined by
the presence of a characteristic
protein in red blood cells and the
blood serum. These substances are
called antigens. Thus a man with
blood type A possesses antigen A.
In approximately 80 per cent of
the United States population this
antigen is found in all the body
fluids. People with this character-
istic are called secreters, Heglar
noted.
Accompanying the antigen which
determines blood type are "na-
turally occuring antibodies" which
act against the other blood types.
Thus doctors must be careful when
giving a blood transfusion that
conflicting blood types are not
mixed, because clotting will re-
sult.
Unable To Fulfill
When the sperm of a man who
is a secreter is bathed in body
fluids it picks up his blood anti-
gen. If it meets a "naturally oc-
curing antibody" in the wife's body
fluids, then the sperm, which has
a blood antigen attached to it, is
prevented from fulfilling its func-
tion. This is called "infertility on
the preconceptual level," Heglar
explained.
"In in vitro studies under the
comparative microscope, sperm
which have absorbed antigen A are
enormously slowed in their activity
when in anti-A solution. A con-
trol test tube of the same type
sperm in saline solution doesn't
show anywhere the same amount
of slowing, while sperm in normal
body fluids are active for quite a
long time," he said.
This evidence strongly points
to the conclusion that th7e body
fluids of a woman, which contain
antibodies against the A-B-O blood
group, destroy the fertilizing value
of the sperm.
r
il
BLOOD TESTS-The technicians are testing blood and saliva
specimens for antigen and antibody activity. Research indicates
that some cases of Infertility may be traced to blood proteins.
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Arrowsmith Interprets Greek
"In most of the cases we have
studied, Heglar noted, "the man
involved is an 'A' and his wife '0'."t
As a human biologist Heglar is
interested in the chemical fluc-
tuations of man. Since all the body
fluids of a secreter contain his
blood type, a simple saliva test
indicates if a man is a secreter
or not. Using this knowledge, Heg-
lar selected a group of volunteers
from Jackson Prison who showed
evidence of being secreters. At four
week intervals over the past year
Heglar examined saliva samples
for antigen content and blood
serum for antibody content.
Pattern of Flux
From this study he discovered
a pattern of flux. Apparently there
are seasonal variations in anti-
body and antigen strength. These
variations must be considered in
the study of human infertility.
On a smaller scale several years
ago, similar antibody research was
undertaken at the University of
Wisconsin.
This phenomenon is also found
in other mammals aside from man.
"This variation seems to be a
mammalian biochemical hangover
in man. Anatomical parallels be-
tween man and other mammals
are commonly known, but only in
recent years have many biochemi-
Drama
When referring to a work, he
first points rapidly and question-
ingly about the classroom until he
finds those who have read it and
then talks directly to them. He is
not lecturing to the air, but talk-
ing with students.
His English accent varies with
American colloquial pronuncia-
tions. His printed translations are
essentially American English, with
very rare breaks into what he
terms "Britishisms."
"Gimme a Star"
Trying to complete a metaphor
which calls for a distant star, he
calls out. "Gimme a star, somebody
gimme a star!" Besides the Ameri-
can "gimme," note that he needs
a specific star. His poetry of
speech and translation is that of
the concrete image, the picture
that can be seen.
When someone in class asks
whether it would be all right to
read "The Birds" in a different
translation, for one available in an
inexpensive paperback, Prof. Ar-
rowsmith is silent for a moment,
perhaps partly because he, like his
readers, is sorry that the Univer-
sity of Michigan Press has set his
Aristophanes at $4.50 per play.
Then he says, apologetically and
smilingly, "But I want you to read
a good translation." He feels his is
the best. He has put all his skill
and effort into making it the
finest translation he could.
cal analogies been discovered.
"As yet no clinical use has been
discovered for these findings, but
it often happens that purely
scientific investigations are ul-
timately of value in clinical ex-
perience," Heglar concluded.
NSF Offers'
Math Grants
By MICHAEL SATTINGER
Beginning this summer the Na-
tional Science Foundation is pay-
ing stipends for directed mathe-
matics study by selected Univer-
sity students.
Sixteen students, chosen from
about 60 applicants on the basis of
scholastic records and faculty
evaluations, are currently being
paid $60 per week for eight weeks.
The program consists of 40 hours
weekly study in mathematics. The
topics covered depend on the stu-
dent's background.
Weekly Conference
Each participant has an advisor,
with whom he must meet at least
once a week. These advisors, un-
der the direction of Prof. Jack
McLaughlin, arenall members of
the math department.
Although most of the students
are in honors, concentrating in
mathematics, the program, is open
to others, Prof. McLaughlin said.
He added that the program may
be instituted on a smaller scale for
the regular academic year.
To Continue Next Year
The directed study will con-
tinue next summer with no change
in size, he said.
Three hours of credit are given
for the material covered. Prof. Mc-
Laughlin said, however, that the
credit was never needed by the
students for major and distribu-
tion requirements.
To graduate with honors in
mathematics, a student must show
some ability for independent study,
This ability is needed by partici-
pants in the NSF program to be
able to learn without the aid of
a teacher. Participation in directed
study is considered demonstration
of this ability, Prof. McLaughlin
concluded.
4
some connection with the Univer-
sity through the University Press,
which has published his transla-
tions of Petronius and Aristopha-
nes. Currently, he is editing for
University publication "The Com-
plete Greek Comedy," the first
four volumes of which include his
own translations of Aristophanes
"The Birds" and "The Clouds."
Colloquial Translations
His comedy translations read
like smooth, communicative and
often appropriately colloquial
English. He has a variety 'of tone,
from elevated poetic diction to fast
comic lines that are fully funny
without footnotes. They have an
"at-homeness" in English gram-
matical style, which in the past
has been the success only of trans-
lators less familiar with the Greek
and Latin.
Watching him in the classroom,
some hint of his skill with Greek
is suggested - though this is
harder for his students to be cer-
tain of than his skill with English.
Two copies of Euripides "Alcestis"
are open in front of him, one in
English, one in Greek. He com-
ments on the shadings of meaning
in the Greek.
Modulation in Translation
He reads some Greek lines and
then a translation, and the sound
of his voice changes with the lan-
guage. He has found a vocal pat-
tern and rhythm for the Greek,
then in English shifts his voice to
a different rhythm which marks
out the same effect in the genius
of the other language.
The sound and rhythm of his
classroom voice are a reminder of
how well he has translated the
meaning and not only the words
of the plays. His lines are to be
read aloud, to be spoken from the
stage; they lift easily off the page.
Motion and Fluidity
The swing and tension of his
movements are a reminder that he
also has translated plays to move
on stage.
He does not act them out in the
classroom, but his gestures are in
time to the flow of words. The
chalk is sometimes a baton, and
circles and triangles mark the
blackboard and desktop as expres-
sive artifacts of his sense of move-
ment. Once, after reading the bit-
ter argument between father and
son in "Alcestis," his fist - held
tight through the reading - un-
clenches, and the broken pieces of
chalk can be seen in it.
Translator's Involvement
That broken chalk is a reminder
of his involvement with what he
reads. He seems to have enthusi-
asm for everything he teaches,
just as the energy of his transla-
tions shows no sign of having di-
minished with all the work that
went into them. He means, too, to
communicate that enthusiasm and
to communicate ideas.
L
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DIAL
2-6264
MGM ANo JOSEPH E.LEVINE PRESENT
KIM NOVAK
DRMES GARNER
TONY RANDALL
IN A MARTIN RANSOHOFF PRODUCTION
4OW r
Feature Starts
at 1:10 - 3:10
5:10 - 7:15
& 9:25
OAT
Across
Campus
Prof. James K. Pollock of the
political science department, a Re-
publican delegate to the Constitu-
tional Convention from Ann Ar-
bor, will deliver the third 'in a
series of lectures dealing with the
"Deliberative Process" on the con-
vention 4:15 p.m. today in Aud. A.
College . .
Two lectures highlight today's
session of the Midwest Community
College Leadership Program on
"The Administrative Process."
At 8 a.m. today Prof. Robert S.
Friedman of the Institute of Pub-
lic Administration will discuss
"The Nature and Objects of Ad-
ministration" in the West Confer-
ence Rm. of Rackham Bldg. and
at 1:30 p.m. Prof. Jack Culberton
of Wayne State University will
speak on "Educational Adminis-
tration."
Baroque...
The Baroque Trio, assisted by
Lawrence Hurst, double bass, will
present a concert at 8:30 p.m. to-
day in the Rackham Lecture Hall.
Linguistics . .
Prof. Sherman H. Kuhn of the
English department will discuss
"Consonant Honemes of Old Eng-
lish: Present Areas of Conflict and
Agreement" 7:30 p.m. today in the
Rackham Amph.
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CINEMASCOPE & METROCOLOR
A NEXT
"ADVISE AND CONSENT"
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It's sheer magic!
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HELD OVER!
SECOND
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Uproarious, Adult Sophisticated Comedy!
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