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Seventy Years of Editorial Freedom
VOL. LXXI, No. 6 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, THURSDAY, JULY 6, 1961S FIVE CENTS
FOUR PAGES
Al gerians I
OfArea 's
French Cite 80 I
Make No Report
ALGIERS ()-Algerian rebels
Ing and a general strike yesterday
titian this North 'African territory.
A French government spokesr
80 and the wounded at 266. He sa
diers, 15 terrorists and 51 street der
of any French casualties.
In France, Algerian prisoners
Offer
Members of .the National Ass
a tribute to the dead. Moslem dep
AT Answer
Berlin Note
WASHINGTON (P) - Secretary
of State Dean Rusk conferred
with representatives of Britain,
France and West Germany yester-
day on the Berlin situation.
Officials said they were dis-
cussing the final form and word-
ing of a note to be sent to Russia
rejecting Soviet demands for a
change in the status of.West Ber-
lin.
Rusk first met with President
Kennedy. Then, in mid-afternoon,
he went into a meeting with
French Ambassador Herve Alp-
hand, Lord Hood of the British
Embassy, and Franz Krapf of
the West German Embassy. Aides
said that the conference ran for
about two hours.
This is the latest of several
delays in preparation of the mes-
sage. The difficulty among the
four powers in reaching agree-
ment indicates that, at the least,
they attach considerable impor-
tance to the 'wording to be used
in turning down Soviet demands
and reasserting allied rights to
be in West Berlin and to main-
tain access to the city.
Parallel with the work on this
document, Kennedy Administra-
tion leaders are engaged in plan-
ning some possible redeployment
of United States forces in pre-
paration for a showdown with
the Soviet Union which could
develop over West Berlin and its
supply lines across Communist
East Germany later -this year.
Dumond Cites
Concessions
tWIn Civil War
By EARL POLE
The two main political parties
in the pre-Civil War United States
had made numerous concessions
to their Southern slave-holding
factions on slavery, said Prof.
Dwight L. Dumond of the history
department.
Due to these concessions, on
party platforms, made in order to
gain political solidarity and thus
insure re-election, very little was
done in government to better the
position of the Negro slave in.
America, since together the two
parties held a 3/5 majority in
Congress. However, in 1840, the
Republican party was formed,
which came out with a strong
anti-slavery attitude, based upon
the United States Constitution, he
said.
Although receiving very few
votes in the early years of the
party's formation, its strength
grew until, in 1880, Abraham Lin-
coln was elected to the presi-
dency.
Various Choices
The Republican party had a
number of alternatives to go about
abolishing slavery:
1) To purchase slaves with mon-
ey gained through public works,
and then to set them free;
2) To establish an amendment
to the Constitution abolishing
slavery:
3) To abolish slavery under war
power.
Change Constitution
The Fourteenth Amendment
was the result, Prof. Dumond
said.
With Abraham Lincoln in of-
fice, the Civil War was fought le-
gally and won in Congress before
the first troops began fighting on
the battlefield. Faced with this
situation, the southern slave-hold-
ers had but two alternatives:
compromise or secession. The
South chose war.
iot at Hint
Partition
)ead, 266 Wounded;
t on Own Casualties
sparked widespread Moslem riot-
y against a French threat to par-
nan placed the number of dead at
id the dead included 14 rebel sol-
mmonstrators. No mention was made
started a hunger strike.
Tribute
embly in Paris stood in silence as
uties from Algeria sent a telegram
to President de Gaulle protesting
"the murderous reaction of the
security forces."
The rebels capitalized on the
idea that France might give the
rich and fertile coast lands to Eu-
ropeans and pro-French Moslems
while consigning others to the ard
interior if negotiations fail to work
out guarantees for the Europeans'
safety in an independent Algeria.
Moslem men. women and youths
-often led by armed and uni-
formed rebel guerrilla fighters-
massed in towns on the rich farm-
ing plain near Algiers and in parts
of Eastern Algeria. Some wielded
steel bars, razor blade-studded
clubs, knives and stones. They
waved the white and green rebel
flag and shouted nationalist slo-
gans. French riot squads fought
them off with tear gas and gun-
fire.
Uneasy Calm
An uneasy calm settled over Al-
geria as night fell.
The rebel order for a 24-hour
general strike was largely followed
in such major cities as Algiers,
Oran and Constantine and in
many smaller centers. Public
transport and docks were hit by
the walkout and most Moslem-run
shops and markets shut down.
Even French officials conceded
that the strike clearly showed vir-
tually complete support for the
rebel cause among the Moslems.
Report Violence
While strike action and violence
were reported in wide areas of
the country, commando units
from the rebel army of national
liberation swooped down on two
French army posts at the eastern
coastal town of Djidjelli
SFrench authorities said 13 reb-
els were slain and about 150
wounded and the rest were driven
off. Djidjelli has been a national-
ist hotbed in recent weeks.
The Constantine area appeared
to be the most seriously rocked by
the day's civil strife. It was in this
region of eastern Algeria that the
nationalist rebellion first flared
almost seven years ago.
Official reports from that re-
gion listed 13 dead and nearly 200
wounded. Some in the mobs which
clashed with riot forces were re-
ported armed with automatic
weapons.
Algiers itself was free of serious
trouble. At one point crowds of
Moslem youths and white-veiled
women set up a chorus of nation-
alist slogans in the Casbah, ringed
by troops posted at barbed wire
barricades.
May Suspend
'Living Costs'
DETROIT RP) - Detroit area
firms intend to strike the cost-of-
living clause from their labor con-
tracts, an Employers Association of
Detroit survey indicated yesterday.
In the survey of 117 Detroit-
area firms, 63 of the 72 firms which
001 " aCing cost- of-living allow-
ances ranging from two to 32 cents
an hour said they would try to
eliminate the clause when they
next negotiate contracts.
COLLEGE
HE
DS CHOOSE
DIRECTOR
U.S. Policy
Causes Rift
With China
WASHINGTON ()-A growing
rift between Nationalist China
and the United States was dram-
atized yesterday by the summon-
ing home of United States Am-
bassador Everett F. Drumright for
consultations with President John
F. Kennedy.
The veteran diplomat is due
here tomorrow from Taipei for
talks with Secretary of State Dean
Rusk and the White House on
increasing nervousness in Formo-
sa that this country's China poli-
cy is undergoing a softening.
Chinese Nationalist President
Chiang Kai-shek is reported up-
set by three developments: 1)
consideration given by the Unit-
ed States government to a possi-
ble visit here by Thomas Liao,
self-styled provisional president of
Formosa, who has been living in
Tokyo and heading a Formosan
independence movement.
2) Consideration by Washington
of possible recognition of outer
Mongolia and support of its ad-
mission to the United Nations.
3) The whole question of Chin-
ese Communist representation at
the UN and the reported attitude
by the United States State De-
partment that the 10-year suc-
cessful attempt to block UN con-
sideration of Peiping's bid would
fail at the fall session of the Gen-
eral Assembly.
The United States has assured
Chiangboth privately and in
public that the basic United States
policy of opposing Communist
China's recognition and UN seat-
ing remains unchanged.
Vice-President Lyndon B. John-
son delivered a letter from Ken-
nedy to Chiang with these as-
surances underscored only last
May.
Nationalist China's F o r e i g n
Minister Shen Chang-huan has
said Nationalist China will use its
veto in the UN Security Council to
block outer Mongolia's admission
if that becomes necessary.
Vice-President Chen Cheng has
gone a step further in saying that
Nationalist China would leave the
UN if outer Mongolia is accepted.
Cuban Exiles
Make Attempt
At New Swap
MIAMI (P)-A committee of Cu-
ban exiles was formed yesterday1
to revive the swap of tractors for
prisoners.
A spokesman said that the com-
mittee expects help from the
United States government in its
dealings with Cuban Prime Minis-
ter Fidel Castro. The spokesman'
added that the committee would]
try to raise money to buy tractors
and would ask the old Tractors-
for-Freedom Committee to turn
over the thousands of unopened'
contributions mailed to the now1
defunct group.
In Detroit, the old committee1
today put off a decision on what1
to do with the contributions.
Names of the new committee
members were not disclosed. But
the spokesman said most of the 1
eight or 10 members are relativesi
of the nearly 1,200 ren captured1
during the unsuccess liinvaon of
Cuba last April 17.
The spokesman said that further
details would be announced later.f
--A? Wirephoto
OFF AND RUNNING-An Israeli solid-fuel rocket was fired yes-
terday on a peaceful mission of gathering weather data. The
multistage Shavit (Meteor) II was fired from a secret Mediterran-
ean shore site and reached a height of 50 miles, as had been
expected.
Israel Fires. Weather Probe
JERUSALEM (P-Israel yesterday' joined the space status race
by firing a small rocket into the upper atmosphere to gather weather
data.
The feat, though nonmilitary, is certain to stir concern among
the Arab nations which regard themselves as still at war with Israel.
The rocket was the multistage Shavit (Meteor) I. Israel authori-j
ties said it was fired at 4:41 a.m. f
Strife Mars
Laos Talks
GENEVA (P) - Communist
North Viet Nam denied formally
yesterday it has military forces
in Laos. A United States spokes-
man called the denial "a blatant
abuse of the truth."
The 14-nation Laos conference
remained deadlocked on whether
to give teeth to the cease-fire
control commission or go ahead
with a proclamation of neutrality.
Foreign Minister Ung Van
Khiem of North Viet Nam told
a brief conference session his
country had no troops in Laos.
He echoed Soviet Russian and
Red Chinese demands that the
cease-fire issue be skipped and
Laotian neutrality proclaimed.
A United States spokesman told'
a news conference afterward "this
blatant abuse of the truth only
highlights the very serious need
for proper control by the cease-
fire commission."
"We knows" he added, the Com-
munist North Viet Nam has be-
tween 1,000 and 2,000 troops-
infantry, artillery and training
personnel-in Laos."
Meanwhile the conference re-
leased its latest report from the
international control commission.
"In general the cease-fire has
been maintained," it said, but in-
dicated that the ICC still had
been unable to make effective on-
the-scene investigations. The re-
port was sent from Vientiane
June 27.
The ICC reported that the royal
Laotian government had agreed
the commission could visit "all
places in the territory of the kind-
dom of Laos," but the Communist-
neutralist faction insisted in-
spection should be confined only
to major points.
rom a secret launching pad on the
Mediterranean seaside and reach-
a height of 80 kilometers (50
miles) precisely as planned.
Propelled by solid fuels devel-
oped in Israel, the rocket in its
final stage discharged a sodium
metal powder from its nose, cre-
ating a radiating cloud. From this,
Israeli scientists deduced weather
condition in the stratosphere and
ionosphere and pronounced the
experiment a complete success.
Prime Minister David Ben-Gur-
ion stood by proudly as the rocket,
weighing between 550 and 600
pounds, blasted off.
The triumph by this 13-year-old
nation matched similar launchings
by the United States, the Soviet
Union, France, Britain, Italy and
Japan. Although Israel has only
about 2 million people, it boasts
some top scientists who fled the
Nazi extermination campaign of
Jews in Europe.
The government, in making the
announcement; stressed the ven-
ture as devoted entirely to meteor-
ological research.
The number of stages was not
disclosed. The final stage of the
sodium cloud "can give informa-
tion on the direction of wind flow,"
the Israelis said.
The solid fuel is "based almost
completely on local raw materi-
als," the government statement
said, adding that this was only
the first in a series of tests "which
will permit us to map the stratos-
phere and ionosphere of this part
of the world."
"The experience and the results
derived from this test will be put
at the disposal of scientific insti-
tutions in Israel and those institu-
tions abroad with which Israel is
in constant contact.
Further emphasizing the peace-
ful nature of the experiment, the
government said Israel now has
joined "the club of meteorologi-
cal rocket dispatchers." Sweden
and West Germany, the an-
nouncement said, are preparing to
fire similar rockets.{
Iraq Threat
Increasing
For Kuwait
KUWAIT () - Brig. Derek
Horsford, commander of British
forces in Ktiwait, said yesterday
the tempo of the Iraqi buildup of
ground forces on Kuwait's blister-
ing border appeared to have in-
creased.
At the same time he ordered
crack marine commandos out of
their advance positions because
of the fierce desert heat and
sandstorms.
Fresh troops from reserve units
went forward to relieve 600 men
of the Royal Marine commandos
who dug into the desert six days
ago at the beginning of the Bri-
tish operation to defend Kuwait's
independence against the threat
of Iraqi annexation.
Military sources estimate a
third of the marine commando
unit had suffered at least the
first 'stages of heat exhaustion-
dizziness and sickness. Most re-
covered quickly with on-the-spot
treatment. But more serious cases
were flown by helicopter to the
marines' base ship, the aircraft
carrier Bulwark in the Persian
Gulf off Kuwait.
Meanwhile Secretary-General
AbdelLKhalek Hassouna of the
Arab League, on a round of dip-
lomatic talks in which he hoped
to mediate the Iraqi-Kuwait dis-
pute, left here for Saudi Arabia.
here for Saudi Arabia.
Brig. Horsford said that al-
though the Iraqi buildup of
ground forces apparently had in-
creased Tuesday he had noted no
unusual air or naval movements.
He said his own buildup was
proceeding with the arrival of
the 34th field engineers squadron
which will lay frontier minefields,
and the 29th field regiment of the
royal artillery with 25 pounder
guns.
Asked if he. thought the laying
of minefields was an extreme
measure, the commander said "I
have been ordered to come in and
organize the defense of this coun-
try. If I am caught with my pants
down then I would deserve the
sack."
Teens Alter
Job Figures
WASHINGTON () - The num-
ber of people at work in the
United States hit a new high in
June, but joblessness also in-
creased. .
The reason for this apparent
paradox: teen-agers in record
numbers left school either tem-
porarily or permanently and be-
gan hunting work. They thus
swelled the "labor force", which
is defined by the government as
the number of people working
plus those looking for jobs.
Total employment rose to 68.7
million in mid-June. This is an
increase of 1.9 million over mid-
May. The June total is a few
thousand larger than the pre-
vious records set in June and
July last year.
Unemployment Rises
Unemployment rose to 5.6 mil-
lion, an increase of 800,000 over
the month period. This was about
what was to be expected at this
time of year officials said, al-
thougl; the total of unemployed
was the largest of any June since
before World WarII.
The number of teen-agers add-
ed to the jobless roster was 900,-
000, a larger figure than in any
other postwar year. About 1.6 mil-
lion others 14 to- 19 years old
succeeded in getting jobs, either
part-time or full-time.r
The seasonally adjusted rate
of unemployment was 6.8 per cent
in June, the figure which has
remained practically unchanged
for seven months. The rate of un-
employment means the percentage
of the labor force which is with-
out jobs.
Stress Increase
In announcing the figures, the
labor department stressed a 500,-
000 increase in the employment
of adult men, a better than sea-
sonal pickup. Offsetting this in
part was a 200,000 drop in em-
ployment of adult women,mostly
scho1 teachers: knnking off work
Appoint Chambers
To Research Office
Educator Plans To Study Means
Of Unifying Reporting Practices
By PETER STEINBERGER
The Michigan Council of State College Presidents hired an 'exec-
utive director" Tuesday to head a Lansing office devoted to research
into ways to standardize reporting practices among the schools and
spread information to the public and interested legislators.
Prof. Merritt M. Chambers, the man they appointed, is from the
Carnegie Center for Higher Education, and has been a visiting pro-
fessor at the University this year.
Prof. Chambers was offered the $20-25,000 post after the Council
meeting of last Tuesday. It was the first time he knew he was being
considered for the job, he said.
Promotes Goodwill
"The main function of my job will be to do research for the
universities and compile information. There is a large reserve of good-
will toward the colleges that can
be increased if we make the facts
known to the public.,
"Standardizing of statistics by
the colleges will continue," he
said, but he noted that much of
this work-and all the decisions
would be made at the campuses,
rather than at his Lansing office. I
He said that at present plans
call for his office to have one full
time professional assistant and
two secretaries.}
"We have no special task in
mind at present," he said, "but
eventually the public will want to
know that we have a sketch or a
plan of how education in this
state will look 5 years in the fu-
ture."
To Observe Convention
His office will "observe" any
efforts made at the forthcoming
constitutional convention to alter;a
the constitutional status of the
state's universities, Prof. Cham-
bers said, andewil lsupply informa-
tion to the delegates.
Whether or not budget reggests
by the different schools will be
studied by the Council before
heading towards the Legislature
depends on the presidents them-
selves, Prof. Chambers said. He
added that "even if this was de-
cided on, it needn't take place in
my office."
At least one state legislator has
hailed the new appointment as "a
step toward the goal of one budget
for all the state's schools."
Asks Supplement
Rep. Charles Boyer (R-Mam-
stee), called the action "something
I've been advocating for 5 years,"
and said that another man, ap-
pointed to the Legislative Service
Bureau by the Legislature, could
supplement Prof. Chamber's work.
Boyer is chairman of a House
committee that has been study-
ing the state's colleges for the
past few years.
"The man the colleges appoint-
ed should be concerned mainly
mainly with academic things,"
Boyer said, "and the Service Bu-
reau man should concentrate on
financial matters."
Hoffa Raises
own Salary
MIAMI BEACH QP) - James R.
Hoffa jammed through a Team-
sters convention yesterday a one-
third boost in his own salary while
killing a proposal to put his reelec-
tion bid up to the Teamsters rank
and file members.
Hoffa gavelled home in ,quick
order a constitutional change hik-
ing his annual pay from $50,000 to
$75,000, highest salary of any labor
union chieftain in the country.
Along with it goes an unlimited
expense account.
Hoffa previously told newsmen
that as head of the biggest union'
he deserves it.
The salary hike soared through
the special Teamsters convention
without debate. It followed a one-
sided showdown with Hoffa's only
opponent for a new five-year term
as Teamsters president.
Milton J. Liss, president of the
Newark, N.J., Local 478, tried to
move officer elections from the
convention to a direct membership
referendum next December.
Liss ran amiss when Jack Gold-
berger, newly-appointed general
organizer and Hoffa aide from San
Francisco, read a carefully-pre-
PROF. MERIsTTdrHAMBERS
..first director
.AMA Opposes
Kefauver Idea
On Medicines
WASHINGTON (AP)-The Amer-
ican Medical Association declared
its opposition yesterday to a pro-
posal of Sen. Estes Kefauver (D-
Tenn) that the the government
decide whether drugs work.
The AMA said Kefauver's pro-
posal would "limit research, the
marketing of drugs, and the exer-
cise of discretion by the medical
profession."
But Kefauver, maintaining that
the public's patience "with price-
gouging in drugs is wearing thin,"
said his plan would reduce the
cost of prescription drugs.
Investigate Drugs
Under Kefauver's proposal, the
Food and Drug Administration, be-
fore approving drugs, would inves-
tigate whether they worked. At
present, the FDA checks drugs only
to see if they are safe.
The AMA position was presented
by Dr. Hugh H. Hussey Jr. at the
start of newhearings by the Sen-
ate Antitrust and Monopoly sub-
committee. Hussey is chairman of
the AMA's board of trustees.
Kefauver, subcommittee chair-
man, said that unless Congress en-
acts his bill or something like it,
the public will demand direct gov-
ernment controls of drugs. Kefau-
ver called his bill "relatively mod-
erate."
The bill is the outgrowth of a
lengthy subcommittee investiga-
tion of pricing practices in the
drug industry.
Condemns Part
Hussey, in his prepared state-
ment, said the AMA had taken no
position on Kefauver's measure as
a whole but was concerned with
provisions that "directly affect the
practice of medicine and the pub-
lic health and are therefore within
the area of knowledge of physi-
cians and the AMA."
He hit hardest at the proposal
to require the food and drug ad-
ministration to determine the effi-
cacy of new drugs.
"We believe that only the physi-
cian has the knowledge, ability
and responsibility to make a deci-
sion as to what drug is best for a
particular patient," Hussey said.
Only last week, he said, the
House of Delegates of the AMA
unanimously went on record as
CHANGES RECOMMENDED:
Group Reports On Military Retirement
Military retirement benefits
should not, be reduced, according{
to a study conducted by a re-
search group headed by Prof. Carl
H. Fischer of the business admin-
istration school.
Prof. Fischer headed an eight-
man research team which studied
the present military retirement
program for the Senate Armed
Services Committee.
changes. The most important
change proposed a "more flexible
system of options."
Under the present plan, a retired
military man receives a flat
monthly rate based on length of
service, rank upon retirement and
disability or injury sustained while
in service. The group recommends
' that the retiring man be given his
choice of receiving the flat rate
or a lumn sum immediately after,
disability should receive a mini-
mum of $200 including retirement
and disability pay so that men
with 10 or 20 per cent disability
would want to stay in the service
and perform their duties within
the limits of their disability.
Also Made Study
The committee also made an
extensive study of the conditions
that military men face upon re-
Ymnt+ +hi. crmrnnnmin ronni-
i