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LXXIII, No. 12-S
ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, THURSDAY, JULY 11, 1963
SEVEN CENTS
FOUR PAGES
i'VVi6 &A.%,11 7
7
Congress .Continues
Civil Rights Hearings
Protests Hit Omaha, New York;
Women's Groups Form Committee
By The Associated Press
WASHINGTON-Whiled President John F. Kennedy's civil rights
program remained under the Congressional microscope yesterday, the
racial barrier was ordered broken at another southern university and
racial trouble perked briefly in New York City.
Negro co-ed Henri Monteith was ordered admitted to the all-white
University of South Carolina next semester by United States District
President
Gains
19-Day
Respite
In Averting National Rail Strike
ALBERT H. MARCKWARDT
...honesty in dictionaries
New Webster
Has C larit
By PATRICIA LEFTRIDGE
Prof. Albert H. Marckwardt de-
scribed the third edition of Web-
ster's International Dictionary as
"an honest presentation, carrying
out the principles of the second
edition with greater precision and
clarity, and with a greater body
of proof."
Marckwardt, Director of the
English Language Institute, gave
a "dispassionate evaluation" of
the 1961 edition of Webster which
has been given both praise and
criticism. He addressed the re-
search club in language learning.
Marckwardt traced the ex-
tremes of public opinion on the
new dictionary to two conflicting
traditions of lexicography which
had ,their roots in England. One
was Samuel Johnson's concept of
a lexicographer as a legislator and
dictator of language.
Second Concept
The "other concept, originating.
with the Oxford English Diction-
ary, regards the duty of the lexi-
cographer as describing the mean-
ing of words and leaving their in-
terpretation to the reader. The
former concept has been done
away with by present lexico.'
graphers, Marckwardt said, "but it
Is still the American attitude."
The English professor noted that,
the statement of principle of the
five Webster dictionaries (from.
1864) had changed from John-
.'son's proscriptive to the descrip-
tive principle.
The second Ititernational dic-
tiepary by Webster, published in
1934, "had moved completely to
,the descriptive position," Marck-
wardt stated. "The third edition
has been criticised for departing
fropm; even sabotaging the prin-
cibles of the second," he continu-
ed, "but these critics have not
distinguished principle from prac-
.ce."
The changes in practice were
made necessary by space limita-
tion and the necessity for taking
out some things that had been
included in the second edition,
Marckwardt rioted. Useless and
obscure words were omitted, color
plates and illustrations reduced
and encyclopedic functions elim-
inated.
No Paraphernalia
The latter included a gazetteer,
biographical listings, and mottoes.
The eliminnation of these "per-
ipheral" sections "caused a great
deal of angui'sh among critics,"
said Marckwardt.
The new Webster edition "moves
farther in being a citation dic-
tionary than number two," Marck-
wardt explained, "in an attempt
I-o make, up somewhat for the
elimination of the encyclopedic
material." Other changes which
he described were the increased
precision in the use of status
labels for words, the movement
away from a single type of "for-
mal platform speech" pronuncia-
tion and the taking advantage of
the nhonetic concent for spelling.
* Judge J. Robert Martin of Green-
ville. She will be the second Negro
to enter a previously white public
school in the state-Harvey Gantt
having been the first.
The jurist also handed down an-
other historic ruling in ordering
integration of the state's parks,
but allowed a delay of 60 days.
Arrest Pickets
In New York City, police arrest-
ed three pickets at a hospital con-
struction site in Brooklyn, and
carried away others who lay prone
in the path of construction ve-
hicles.
There was a "pray-in" at the
city hall in Omaha, Neb., where 100
civil rights demonstrators knelt or
stood with hands together in an
attitude of ,prayer for about 45
minutes. However, Mayor James
Dworak was out of town.
In Washington, Secretary of
State Dean Rusk testified before
the 'Senate Commerce Committee
and said that unless Kennedy's
civil rights program is passed "a
great setback" and a "great disap-
pointment throughout the free
world" would result.
Rights Committee
Kennedy's plea Tuesday to lead-
ers of 50 million American women
was answered by the establishment
of a permanent national women's
committee for civil rights.
Other congressional develop-
ments included the Senate judi-
ciary subcommittee approving a
four-year extension of the federal
eivil rights commission.:
Legislation creating a fair em-
ployment practices commission
with strong enforcement powers
survived 17-13, in a House 'edu-
cation and labor subcommittee, a
GOP attempt to transfer the pow-
ers to the courts. This clears the
way for final committee action,
probably today.I
Rep. Emanuel Celler (D-NY),
chairman of the House Judiciary
Committee, set a July 31 deadline
for completing House hearings on
civil rights.
Traveler
Albany ,Gracio0us--
For Whites Only
First in a Seven-Part Series
By ANDREW ORLIN
Albany, Georgia is a warm, gracious town-for whites.
Upon entering the town from the outlying counties a traveller is
likely to be urged to stop for a "Coke break" by the Albany Jaycees,
Albany and the surrounding area are known as the pecan center
of the world. Cotton and corn fields are also very much in evidence.
Nice and Easy
The weather is hot and muggy; the pace is slow and relaxed. The
traveller might also notice that
PROF. ZEDENEK DAVI1
.'..different rights
David Cites
Red Rights
By JAMES GREENBERG
Civil liberties in the Soviet Un-
ion have a different meaning than
they do in the United States, a
University professor told the New-
man Club last night.
"Civil rights in the Soviet Union
mean the right to support the
values to which the society pre-
scribes," Prof. Zedenek David of
the history department said.
He explained that although the
Soviet constitution lists civil rights
such as freedom of the press.
speech and assembly they oper-
ate in a different way. "There is
civil freedom but only freedom of
approval of the regime, not of cri-
ticism."
"Freedom of religion exists in
the Soviet Union in as much as
there are churches open. But re-
ligious freedom is being discour-
aged. The State is trying-,to de-
stroy the church through propa-
ganda. Anti-religious feelings are
also expressed through various
forms of social pressure-such as
no higher education or jobs of
responsibility for known believers,
he said.,
"No discrimination because of
race or nationality exists in the
Soviet Union. There is no segre-
gation in education, transporta-
tion, recreation, eating,'or voting
rights. However, there is a con-
spicuous absence of other races
in the higher levels of govern-
men, Prof. David said. He gave
for an example the discrimination
toward Jews. They have been ex-
cluded from the diplomatic serv-
ice, and fewer than ever before
are receiving higher education.
Negroes driving on Route 19 are
scrawling along at an unusually
slow pace.
The Negro driver is not going
slowly because he is an overly
cautious driver. He is driving slow-
ly to insure that he will not be ar-
rested by the white police for
speeding.
Albany, like most other white
communities in the South, is hav-
ing problems with its Negro popu-
lation. This problem flared when
the Negroes, led by Rev. Martin
Luther King, Jr. walked and forc-
ed the buses to suspend service.
Today, the Albany Movement has,
the sympathy, if not active back-
ing of most of the Negro commu-
nity.
Once Bustling
Over 55,000 persons reside in
this town which overlooks the
Flint River, once a busy cotton
junction in Southwest Georgia.
The city was founded in 1836 by a
man from Connecticut, Nelson
Tft.
Today, nearly 130 years later,
a park which bears his name has
become a target of racial protest.
The park's pool is segregated and
this has met with opposition by the
Negro leaders.
The Albany movement is devot-
ed to bringing about racial equal-
ity through peaceful demonstra-
tions, mass meetings and boycotts.
Police Interpietation
One of its main problems comes
from police interpretation of+ cer-
tain city ordinances. Many of the
demonstrations are deemed ille-
gal by the police.
The bus station, the court' and
the library (stand-up service only)
are the only places in this town
which are not segregated. There
is one cab company serving the
white community. The sign on the
door reads "Whites Only." If a
white wished to be driven into a
Negro neighborhood, he would be
refused service.
Segregation has two prongs in
this city: Negro cab drivers will
not pick up whites; stores in Har-
lem, the Negro downtown area,
will not serve whites.
However, as Albany's mayor, Asa
D. Kelley noted, there is probably
more integration in Albany than
in many parts of the North.
Poor white families often live
just a block or two away from
their Negro counterparts. Negro
living areas are quite frequently
See A NICE, Page 3
IT17 _ 7 7 'AT
LEGISLATURE:
SSixMan Study Group
To Review, Conflict
To Report to Congress July 22
On Issues of Work Rules Dispute
Romney Tax Reforms
Encounter Opposition
By The Associated Press
LANSING-The first signs of legislative opposition to Gov. George
Romney's fiscal reforms appeared yesterday as Sen. Clyde H. Geer-
lings (R-Holland) and Rep. Rollo G. Conlin (R-Tipton) revived
their old tax plans.
These plans, which do not follow Romney's eight income tax-
based packages now under discussion, call for local power to levy nec-
-Associated Press
NO AGII EEMENT--H. E. Gilbert (center, foreground), president
of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen and Enginemen,
explains to newsmen his rejection of a White House plan to
avert a railroad strike. In the background, walking away, are
management representatives.'
essary taxes and for three per
cent personal, five per cent cor-
porate and seven per cent finan-
cial institution income tax.
Geerlings, chairman of the key
Senate taxation committee, pro-
posed the local taxing power plan.
His scheme is designed to reduce
the "oppressive" burden of local
property taxes by allowing local
units to levy their own income tax
or other measures for local needs..
The "three-five-seven" income
tax is only a portion of Conlin's
scheme. The former House tax
committee chairman would also
place a three-year property tax on
tools, jigs, dies machinery and
equipment and a full cent diver-
sion of four cents sales tax to lo-
cal governmental units.
Currently, three-quarters of one
cent goes to localities-a half cent
to school districts and a quarter
cent to local governments.
The two leaders were among
those who conferred with Romney
this week on Mackinac Island. The
governor will meet with legislators
on and off through August 9.
n 1
Khrushchev
Hails Kadar
MOSCOW (P)-Premier Nikita
S. Khrushchev pulled out all stops
yesterday to pay conspicuous hon-
or to Hungarian Premier Janos
Kadar, his 'ally in the struggle to
prevent Chinese domination of the
world Communist movement.
As Chinese and Soviet negotia-
tors battled hot ideological issues
in the cool Lenin hills, Khrush-
chev-all smiles-met Kadar at,
the train, reviewed a guard of
honor with him and gave televised
publicity to a unity session the two
held in the Kremlin.
Neither made any public men-
tion of the showdown battle going
on a few miles away, or that the
Chinese had publicly injected their
demand for equal rights into the
quarrel.
A Peking radio statement assert-
ed, for the first time, that "the
Communist Party of China and
the Communist Party of the So-
viet Union are equal."
The Chinese have always previ-
ously paid lip service, at least, to
the theory that the Russians rank-
ed first because they were the di-
rect heirs of Communism's oracle'
V. I. Lenin.
Their last public comment on
relative party status was in 1960
when they joined 80 other Com-
munist parties in saying:
"The Communist and workers
parties unanimously declare that
the Communist Party of the Soviet
Union has been and remains the
universally recognized vanguard of
the world Communistvmovement,
being the most experienced and
steeled contingent of the interna-
tional Communist movement."
The claim to full equality placed
Peking in even more open opposi-
tion to Moscow-until now always
the acknowledged leader - than
has hitherto been the case.
T T CG ]
WASHINGTON (A - A nationwide railroad strike was
postponed yesterday eight hours before it was set to begin.
President John F. Kennedy won time to arm himself
with authority to meet the threat if it arises again.
The railroads and on-train unions agreed to freeze any
rules changes or strike notice until July 29 to permit a new
study of their four-year-old dispute on which Kennedy can
base legislative proposals designed to settle the issues.
Kennedy said he will send his recommendations, and
the report by a special six-man subcommittee of the labor-
management advisory committee, to Congress on July 22.
This would put Congress on a tight one-week schedule if
any new authority is needed'-
to prevent a new strike threat.
Personal Victory
It was a personal victory for the
President who had worked most
of the day to head off what seem-
ed like .an almost certain shut-'
down after the unions rejected a >'.
proposal he made Tuesday to sub- f .
mit the disp5ute to compulsory
arbitration by United States Su- y
preme Court Justice Arthur J.
Goldberg.
The unions said they rejected
that route because of a "matter of
deepest principle," although they ,
said Goldberg was about the best ,A
arbitrator available.
Brief Announcement
Kennedy announced theagree-
ment personally in a brief andI
unheralded appearance b e f o r e
television cameras and radio mic-m
rophones at 4:20 p.m. EDT. It took
him little over a minute to make
his nationally ' broadcast state- ROGER W. HEYNS
ment. .. . clearing the air
It was the .climax of a day of
intense activity at the White
House and i i the government
Huead; te'oenetaecetht-olhatdelwith any str'ike. Negotiators for U G t
agncesthat woud hav to deal
both sides remained available for
call by the.President on 30 min- 190 M e
utes notice after the unions had
delivered their turndown-and the By JEAN TENANDER
railroads their acceptance-of the
arbitration proposal at 10 a.m. A sudden, unprecedented in-
At 4:f$ p.m. White House Press crease in the number of the
Secretary Pierre Salinger told merit scholarship finalists enter-
newsmen "the President will be ing Michigan State University
out here in one minute." It took "has made f4r much uneasiness"
a little longer for him to arrive at the University and has caused
at the White House reception Vice-President for Academic Af-
room. Then, looking and speaking fairs Roger W. Heyns to prepare
solemnly, he made his announce- a report comparing the merit
ment. scholarship records of the two in-
Vice President Lyndon B. John- stitutions.
son listened from a corridor. MSU will have 190 merit final-
New Stgdy ists in the class of 1967, compared
"In view of the unique and all- to 33 last year. It will have the
important nature of this labor- largest number of finalist fresh-
management dispute," Kennedy men in the United States. Har-
said he had asked for a new gov- vard University is second with 98.
ernment review by a subcommit- The report, Heyrs said, is an
tee headed by Secretary of Labor attempt to clarify a situation
W. Willard Wirtz. which has "been most effective
"It will undertake, he said, outside Michigan in presenting a
"immediately in full; consultation puzzling and disquieting picture."
with the parties, a comprehensive , New Image
review and report limited to the The report asserted that "Mich-
facts and issues in this case and igan State University has been
the respective positions of the making very great efforts to
'parties." change its image," citing its at-
He listed on the subcommittee tempt to lure high-caliber mathe-
which will conduct the study with matics students.
Wirtz: Secretary of Commerce Heyns' report shows that the
Luther H. Hodges, vice chairman; University has had consistently
Joseph Block, board chairman of more merit finalists enter than
Inland Steel, Chicago; George MSU, but that Michigan State's
Harrison, AFL-CIO vice president participation in a new merit
and long-time president of the scholarship program has shot
Brotherhood of Railway and MSU figures up.
Steamship Clerks; AFL-CIO Pres- In 1962, National Merit Schol-
ident George Meany; Stuart T. arship Corporation set up a pro-
Saunders, board chairman of the gram of college-sponsored merit
Norfolk and Western Railroad. scholars. Eight private colleges-
Rennington Bowdoin H a r v e y
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Undersecretary of S t a t e W.
Averill Harriman left for Mos-
cow yesterday with authority
from President John F. ten-
nedy to negotiate a nuclear test
ban with the Russians.
LECT URE SERIES:'
Mosely Favors Coe.
"Russia and the United States coexist under a balance of
mutual terror," Philip E. Mosely of Columbia University said yes-
terday.
Mosely, who is director of Columbia's European Institute spoke
on "The Challenge of Communism: Co-Existence and Conflict" at
the third seslion in the lecture series "Where We Stand: A Review
of the American Position on Critical Issues."
"Coexistence is the American philosophy in domestic and foreign
affairs," Mosely said. Listing some aspects of coexistence, he said
W orta i'~ews touaup
GEORGETOWN, British Guiana (A)-Racial violence exploded;
anew in British Guiana today just as British Colonial Secretary Dun-
can Sandys arrived to look into the tense situation.
One Indian was killed in a savage cutlass battle with Negroes at
Denamstel, about 20 miles west of Georgetown. It was the eighth death
"in 10 days of violence.
JERUSALEM (A)-Prime Minis-
ter Levi Eshkol aimed a peace of-
fensive at United Arab Republic
President Gamal Abdel Nasser
yesterday, saying he was ready to
meet the Arab leader any time or
any place for peace talks.
'$* *
LONDON (A)-Loud boos, hiss-
ing and the Nazi cry of "Sieg
Heil" from anti-Greek demon-
strators greeted Queen Elizabeth
II and visiting King Paul of
Greece last night when they ar-
rived at a gala theatrical per-
formance.
Kennedy Sees.
Soviets Losing
Momentum
WASHINGTON (P) - President
John F. Kennedy looked back on
1962 yesterday as the year the
momentum of Soviet offenses after
its space successes was halted.
"Future historians, looking back
g1111 un, 111, r L1
Mudd, Claremont Men's, Rosary,
Occidental and Ripon Colleges
and Texas Christian University-
originally participated, offering a
limited number scholarships.
Only Public College
Michigan State is the first and
only public-supported institution
in the program.
The colleges in the program
were to select the winners from
students who had qualified as
finalists and who had expressed
an interest in attending the