Iducators Hit Foundations
for
Dictating Policy
By G. K. HODENFIELD
Associated Press Education Writer
WASHINGTON-A strong but almost silent tide of resentment
is running against the multi-billion-dollar pressures which big
foundations are exerting on American education.
An increasing number of educators, particularly at the college-
level, are complaining that foundation grants are directing the
course of education in this country.
They specifically charge the foundations with meddling in
college and university affairs, and with hard-sell promotion of their
favorite educational theories.
Scoff at Complaints
Foundation sources scoff at the complaints and the charges.
Some complaints they attribute to disgruntled educators who have
been turned down when they sought foundation grants, others to
misunderstanding or ignorance of what foundations are and what
they do.
When the educators speak about foundations, their protests are
voiced quietly in off-the-record conversations.
Two Reasons
There are two major reasons for what appears, at first glance,
to be almost a conspiracy of silence:
1) The educators stand almost in awe of the tremendous good
the foundations have done and can do for education. Foundation
grants have sparked and nurtured virtually all the most exciting
developments in education in the past decade.
2) At a time when educational dollars are sorely needed but
hard to come by, no one wants to kick the geese that lay the golden
eggs.
Not Foundations
Last spring, the president of one of the nation's largest univer-
sities was speaking at a small dinner party. He departed from his
prepared text and ripped into the big foundations with bitter scorn,
accusing them of trying to dictate educational policy from first
grade through graduate school.
No reporters were present, but word of his attack leaked out.
Reached by telephone, the university president declined all com-
ment for the record.
On a not-for-attribution basis, however, he said, "The situa-
tion is deplorable, particularly since the general puTblic isn't aware
of it. The foundations pose a dangerous threat to our entire edu-
cational structure."
Fund Raising
Then why wouldn't he speak out? "Because my own university
is in the middle of a big fund-raising campaign: it would not be
right for me as an individual to do or say anything that would
threaten the welfare of my institution.''
On the same not-for-attribution basis, another university ad-
ministrator declared, "At the rate they are going, these foundations
are going to be dictating educational policy in this country before
long, particularly in the nontax-supported institutions. Why? To
get their funds, a college or university must conform to their way of
thinking."
But sometimes the educators will shout in concert what they
decline to say publicly as individuals.
'Growing Uneasiness'
The American Association of School Administrators, which in-
cludes college presidents and deans, and grade school and high
school superintendents and principals in its membership, declared
last February, "there is a growing uneasiness on the part of many
school administrators that perhaps some foundation funds are being
used to shape public policy pertaining to education and to promote
specific programs at the expense of other aspects of the curric-
ului."
A resolution adopted by the association convention delegates at
the same time was even stronger: "Money which they (the founda-
tions) make available is often so used as to exert a definite influ-
ence on the curriculum ..."
There are today more than 15,000 private philanthropic
foundations, with total assets of about $13 billion. There are 757
See FOUNDATIONS, Page 5
ANN ARBOR PLANNING
LACKS HUMAN TOUCH
See Editorial Page
Y L
5k43l
,:E3aitj'
FAIR
High--8
Low--52
Little change
in temperature
Seventy-Two Years of Editorial Freedom
L. LXXIII, No. 10-S
ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, TUESDAY, JULY 9, 1963
SEVEN CENTS
SIX PAGES
FEDERAL RELATIONS:
Survey Shows Approval of Aid
NEW YORK--A national cross-
section of 26 universities and col-
leges including the University,
have voiced their support of fed-
eral aid, the New York Times re-
ported Sunday.
In a recently-released study fi-
nanced by the Carnegie Founda-
tion for the Advancement of
Teaching, the universities and col-
leges had many suggestions and
some complaints, but they felt the
benefits of federal aid to be very
great.
Many institutions asked if it
would not be wiser for the govern-
ment to recognize that "the
strengthening of higher education
is itself a pressingIneed, perhaps
the pressing national need that
justifies the government-campus
relationship," the Times reported.
They also felt that the aid
should be expanded beyond sci-
Senate, House Units Speed
Civil Rights Bills Hearings
WASHINGTON (A')-Senate and House committees pressed ahead
with civil rights legislation yesterday in the face of a growing railroad
strike threat that might disrupt congressional timetables.
The Senate Commerce Committee announced a full schedule. of
hearings for the rest of this week and the early part of next week on
the administration's public accommodations bill, which would out-
WARREN G. MAGNUSON
... rights hearing
" law racial discrimination in stores,
restaurants, hotels and other pri-
vate business places.
Assistant Atty. Gen. Burke Mar-
shall, head of the Justice Depart-
ment's civil rights devision, told
yesterday's session that "this prob-
lem is very urgent."
Tempo Grows
Marshall said "the heat, the
frequency and the tempo" of dem-
onstrations against racial segrega-
tion have stepped up considerably
since mid-May.
Chairman Warren G. Magnuson
(D-Wash} is driving to complete
hearings on this most controversial
part of the civil rights program
within 10 days.
But the commerce committee
could become enveloped in the rail-
road labor crisis before the week
is out if President John F. Ken-
nedy seeks emergency legislation
to avert a transportation tieup.
Wirtz Talks
In the House, Labor Secretary
W. Willard Wirtz took time out
from his efforts to head off Thurs-
day's threatened railroad 'strike to
urge passage of a manpower re-
training bill. This also is part of
Kennedy's civil rights package.
Wirtz told a House labor sub-'
committee the retraining pro-
gram is designed to help provide
full and fair employment for all,
"both white and Negro."
Assistant Atty. Gen. Norbert
Schlei testified before a house
education subcommittee on bills
that would cut off federal aid to
schools that permit racial dis-
crimination. He urged that the
cutoff power be made discretionary
rather than mandatory, saying
"the actual cutoff of funds for
vitally needed education is at best
an alternative to be applied with
extreme reluctance."
The House Judiciary Committee
is due tomorrow to reopen hear-
ings on the combined seven-point
civil rights program submitted by
'Kennedy.
ence-oriented research and should
include programs of educational
value.
The institutions seemed aware
that there was a potential danger
to their academic freedom through
government control, but they
seemed to feel that the benefits
outweighed this danger, the re-
port said. Also, many felt this as-
sociation to be the beginning of
closer ties for the future.
The institutions reported "points
of irritation and, at times, deep
cocen which might be partially
alleviated if government would
recognize the need for support of
purely educational pursuits rather
than solely research.
National Interest
The government has supported
fields such as health, science and
defense on the grounds that they
are of immediate national interest
during a time when federal aid to
education is a controversial issue,
the report said.
The partnership between the
universities and the federal gov-
ernment began during World War
II when the universities supplied
the brain power and the govern-
ment the money.
Today, without federal funds
"the whole character of many uni-
versities' research programs would
change," the study said.
Public Health Aid
Although federal aid has empha-
sized research, government money
also goes to support 60 per cent
of the graduate students and 25
per cent of the undergraduates in
the field of public health. In med-
ical schools 41 per cent of research
and basic operations is supported
by the federal government.
Several points of the existing
federal aid program have found
disfavor with the institutions stud-
ied. They disliked the failure of
federal agencies to pay full in-
direct and administrative costs of
research projects, of being "har-
See COLLEGES, Page 2
Bruneian Balks
At Malay Ties
LONDON (P)-The sultan of oil-
rich Brunei balked at the last
minute but leaders of four other
Commonwealth territories and
Britain agreed yesterday to create
Aug. 31 a new federal nation called
Malaysia.
The agreement was signed at
Marlborough House by British
Commonwealth Secretary Duncan
Sandys, Premier Tunku Abdul
Rahman of Malaya, Prime Min-
ister Lee Kuan Yew of Singapore
and political leaders of Sarawak
and N rth Borneo.
Sultan Omar Ali of Brunei, a
tiny enclave on the Borneo coast,
refused to sign on grounds that
he was not given precedence over
the rulers of the other states.
freezes
Business
Of Cuba
WASHINGTON (P) - The gov-
ernment yesterday froze Cuban
assets in this country - whether
owned by the Fidel Castro gov-
ernment or Cuban individuals -
and banned Americans from un-
licensed transactions with Cuba.
The state department said that
"Cuba will be denied the use of
American facilities for transfers
of funds to Latin America for sub-
versive purposes."
The freeze order generally puts
Red-dominated Cuba in the same
class with Communist China and
North Korea. The rules applying
to the Soviet bloc are less
stringent.
Any American citizen or alien
residing in the United States
violating the new regulations
would face a prison term up to
10 years and a $10,000 fine.
Exempt Refugees
The measiures have a special
provision exempting Cuban refurt
gees in the United States or else-
where in the non-Communist
world unless they are acting on
behalf of the Cuban regime.
United States officials said the
order would virtually paralyze the
transfer' of Cuban funds in the
form of dollars througtiout the
hemisphere. The dollar is the
main form of currency recognized
by all Western hemisphere nations
for international fund. transfers.
The officials noted that Cuba
could resort to Swiss banks to
purchase dollars, but added this
would be impractical since the
Swiss banks have only agents-
and almost no branches-in Latin
America. Purchases would have to
be drawn on the central account
a Latin American nation main-
tains in an American bank and
thus would be subject to the polic-
ing system.
OAS Resolution
The USited States acted follow-
ing adoption of a resolution last
Wednesday by the Council of the
Organization of American States
urging, among other things, that
t h e hemisphere's governments
keep a close watch on funds used
by the Castro government for
Communist subversion.
No seizure of funds is involved
in the action, the order merely
blocking use of the deposits for
Castro's benefit.
The United States first began
imposing e c o n o m i c sanctions
against Cuba in October 1961
when it prohibited exports to
Cuba except for some foodstuffs,
medicines and medical supplies.
Sugar Quotas
In December 1960 Cuban sugar
quotas were reduced to zero: and
have remained there since.
A complete embargo on trade
with Cuba, except for exports of
food and medicines, was proclaim-
ed Feb. 7, 1962.
To
Kennedy
Sets
--- --
Revise. Policy
On Speakers
At California
LOS ANGELES-The University
of California Regents loosened
their controversial 12-year ban
against Communist speakers last
week.
Expressing their confidence in
students' ability to evaluate opin-
ions presented to them by contro-
versial speakers, the regents scrap-
ped the 12-year old Communist
ban and replaced it with a new
three-pronged rule.
Under the new regulation any
speech by an outside speaker must.
be chaired by a faculty member
having the rank of associate pro-
fessor and above. The speaker
must be willing to submit to ques-
tions following the talk and will-
ing to give answers and, if war-
ranted, the university should ar-
range for the subsequent presen-
tation of an opposing viewpoint.
The previous rule flatly denied
university facilities to Communists
or adherents of the Communist
political ideology.
University President Clark Kerr
immediately announced that he
would make the necessary admin-
istrative ruling to effect the policy.
On the two most populous of
California's seven c a m p u s e s,
Berkeley and Los Angeles, stu-
dents had a chance to take a
straw vote as to whether they
wanted to hear controversial stu-
dents such as those who favored
Communism. Their vote was large-
ly favorable.
Possibly no policy had been cri-
ticized by students or championed
by outsiders than the speaker pol-
icy. On all of California's cam-
puses students had repeatedly ex-
pressed dissatisfaction with the
policy. They charged that it denied
them the educational opportunity
of hearing speakers of divergent
and dissenting viewpoints.
The policy had been legally
challenged by the Southern Cali-
fornia chapter of the American
Civil Liberties Union and students
at the University of California's
Riverside branch. The two groups
sued for the rescinding of the ban
after it had prevented a debate
between a Communist and anti-
Communist speakers two years
ago.
The suit did not get far in the
courts, and was withdrawn at the
news of the impending policy
change.
CONFERENCE-After meeting with Labor Secretary W. Willard
Wirtz (left) President John F. Kennedy summoned both sides of
the labor work rules dispute for a "last ditch" conference today.
Leading the railroad management negotiators is J. E. Wolfe.
ICON SEARCH:
U' Archeologists Travel
To M. Sinai Monastery
A Mt. Sinai monastery, built by the Emperor Justinian about
550 A.D., is the site of the third archaeological investigation by
the University and Princeton University, in cooperation with the
University of Alexandria.
The Greek Orthodox monastery contains the only known icons
that survived the eighth and ninth centuries' iconoclast heresy.
It has been in continuous use since it was built and, hence,
represents the only uninterrupted -
link with this, particular type of Leads
religious art. iiia ea s
The site of the monastery, now
known as St. Catherine's, is at the Argentine Race
foot of the mountain where Moses
received the Ten Commandments"
and reputedly the site of the For President
Burning Bush. This area was the
object of major expeditions by BUENOS AIRES (A-)-Arthuro U.
the three institutions in 1958 and Illia, a moderate with skeptical
1961. ,rnt ^ T 4,N a+o ni n -
Discussion
Head
To Undertake
'Last Ditch'
Negotiations
President May Ask
For Congress Action
To Avert Tie-Up ,
WASHINGTON (P)---President
John F. Kennedy took charge of
the stalled railroad work rues
talks anew yesterday by summon-
ing both sides to the White House
today to search for ways to pre-
vent a strike.
White House Press Secretary
Pierre Salinger announced the
meeting as an "obviously," last-
ditch effort. He noted that it will
come less than 48 hours before
the. deadline of 12:01 a.m. Thurs-
day set by the railroads for put-
ting into effect work rules which
the unions say will force them to
strike.
The Preident moved quickly
after the problem was turned over
to him by Labor Secretary W. Wil-
lard Wirtz at a White House brief-
ing attended by Democratic con-
gressional leaders. Kennedy has
said that if bargaining fails he
will ask Congress to arm him with
authority to force a settlement,
Meet Wolfe
Kennedy will meet with J. E.
Wolfe, chief negotiator for the
railroads, and three other indus-
try representatives along with
presidents of the five unions. Sal-
inger said he would "reserve com-
ment" on anything the President
would have to say .to them.
Sen. Hubert H. Humphrey (D-
Minn), assistant Democratic lead-
er, who attended Wirtz's meeting
with Kennedy, said no decision
had been reached then on the
course to be followed.
Presumably, Kennedy will go
into more detail, today whenhe
has his usual Tuesday breakfat
session with Senate and House
Democratic leaders before his
meeting with the principals in the
rails dispute.
'No Information'
Salinger said he had "no infor-
mation" on whether Republican
leaders in Congress would be call-
ed to the White House also to
discuss legislative possibilities to
meet the strike threat.
The post office warned of cur-
tailed mail service in case of a
strike, noting similar action in
1946.
Under the emergency plan, air-
mail would continue to get prior-
ity treatment, but first class mal
would be carried by, air only on an
available space basis.
First class mail would be moved
by alternate transportation as
much as possible, the department
said. It noted that rail transpor-
tation is still the crief carrier of
most domestic mail of all classes.
Keppel WarnS
Of NDEA End
Off Rail Strike
Reveal Arrest
Of Jeffrey
In Bias Protest
By ROBERT SELWA
Special To The Daily
DETROIT J- Former Student
Government Council m e m b e r
Sharon Jeffrey, '63, has been
arrested in Baltimore for taking
part in an Independence Day
Gwynn Oak amusement park
civil rights demonstration.
However, she is back in Phila-
delphia already, working as a
tutor for the Northern Student
Movement. She and the 282 other
demonstrators arrested were given
hearings Friday night by the
Woodlawn trial magistrate
Jury Trial
Along with the others, Miss
Jeffrey asked for a jury trial. The
283 were released on attorney's
cognizance and no date was set
for trial. Miss Jeffrey returned to
Philadelphia Saturday morning.
Miss Jeffrey's involvement was
revealed by her mother, Demo-
cratic National Committeewoman
Mildred Jeffrey, at a civil rights
demonstration Saturday in north-
west Detroit.
Miss Jeffrey and the other
Baltimore demonstrators arrested
were charged under Maryland's
Trespass Act, which permits a
proprietor of a business to turn
away any person he wishes.
Complete Studies
George Forsyth Jr., director of
the University's Museum of Ar-
chaelogy and professor of the his-
tory of art, is already at the mon-
astery and will complete his stud-
ies before the main exploratory
group arrives under the direction
of Prof. Kurt Weitzmann of
Princeton. A University supervisor
of photographic services and a
representative from the Univer-
sity's News Service will, also, be onj
hand.
However, the water supply is
limited at the site and does not
permit the development of color
films there. The films will be re-
turned to Ann Arbor for develop-
ment.
Preservation of the St.. Cath-
erine icons came about throughl
a strange quirk of fate. During an
iconclastic controversy, in the
latter half of the eighth century
and the early part of the ninth,
the emperors ordered that all
religious representations be de-I
stroyed. Purely by an accident of
geography, St. Catherine's lay in
Moslem territory where the em-
perors were powerless to carry out
their orders.
Good Terms
vies nunited S~tates oin con-
cessions here, surged into a strong
lead in the Argentine presidential
race, but still was far from vic-
tory.
Ex-dictator Juan D. Peron-in
the election by remote control-
appeared headed for a setback.
With tabulations nearing an
end, Illia had a lead of almost'
900,000 votes over his nearest con-
tender, but still lacked the 51 per
cent majority needed to seal vic-
tory in the Electoral College.
Less Blanks
Illia, with tabulations nearly
three-quarters complete, had 25.4
per cent of the vote; Oscar Alende,
16.3 per cent; and retired army
Gen. Pedro E. Aramburu, 14.8 per
cent. Blank ballots ordered by
Peron in Spain and deposed presi-
dent Arturo Frondizi in his An-
dian confinement amounted to 15
per cent.
Illia campaigned on his party's
record of clean political life. He
promised to restore constitutional
guarantees to replace the continual
state of seige, or modified martial
law.
Illia opposed Frondizi's econom-
ic policies, especially those which
gave American oil firms the right
s
'r
l
i
I
ENGLISH TEACHING:
Donaldson Calls for Wider Curriculum
< , t7
By PATRICIA LEFTRIDGE
A Detroit high school teacher
said yesterday that the English
curriculums of the nation's schools
and colleges can and must be ex-
panded like those in sciences and
other fields.
Robert G. Donaldson, chairman
lish of the College Entrance Ex-
amination Board, as he experienc-
ed them while attending the one
held at the University, Donaldson
said the planning session held a
year previously, was "dominated by..
college professors." He declared
that planning of a program for:
to take English courses, conduct-
ing other courses which interest
teachers of English such as those
in the field of the mass media,
and having "serious, but informal
discussions between college and
high school teachers, instead of
formal lecturing by college profes-
A; "< -