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Seventy-Two Years of Editorial Freedom
VOL. LXXIII, No. 21-S ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, WEDNESDAY, JULY 24, 1963 SEVEN CENTS
FOUR PAGES
CAMBRIDGE PEACE:
Agreement To End Violence
CAMBRIDGE VP)-Negro and
white leaders from Cambridge,
Md., one of 'the nation's racial
battlegrounds, signed an agree-
ment yesterday in Washington
that brought at least temporary
Another agreement appeared to
have been reached in racially
troubled Charleston, S. C., where
62 merchants said they would de-
segregate stores if Negroes will
halt demonstrations. The 62, part
of a group of 100 that met with
NEW YORK POLICE-A picket lets himself go limp as New
York City police carry demonstrator, previously blocking, road.
Demonstrators were trying to block trucks and workers from
entering 'construction site of a public housing development.
IMMIGRATION:
Kennedy, Asks Congress
To Revise Qu.ota System
WASHINGTON (A')-President John F. Kennedy told Congress
yesterday that country-by-country immigration quotas are "without
basis in either logic or reason" and should be abolished.
Kennedy proposed legislation that would do away with the 39-
year-old national quotas on a gradual basis during the next five years.
A major effect of the program would be to increase annual
immigration from the 1962 level of 92,000 to a planned level ofI
the mayor, agreed to grant equal
employment opportunity and in-
tegrate store facilities. Negro lead-
ers were considering the action.
More than 700 Negioes were
arrested in Charleston during sev-
eral weeks of demonstrations re-
cently.
Announces Agreement
Atty. Gen. Robert F. Kennedy
announced the Cambridge agree-
ment after nearly 10 hours of
negotiating between the two sides.
The Negroes agreed to end demon-
strations. National guard troops
will remain in Cambridge for the
time being.
The agreement noted that some
gains have, been made toward
equal rights and that "further
progress can best be obtained in
an atmosphere of calm and seren-
ity."
In New York City, police ar-
rested more than 140 pickets at
several construction sites, where
demonstrators blocked trucks driv-
ing onto the jobs.
Police Action
More than 100 of them were
carried away bodily by police at
the downstate medical center con-
struction site in Brooklyn, where
some 300 were seized Monday.
Leaders of the pickets, who want
more jobs for Negroes and Puerto
Ricans in construction trades, met
with Mayor Robert F. Wagner.
He promised to investigate their
complaints.
Leaders of the 122 locals that
make up the New York Building
and Trades Council agreed to set
up a six-man biracial committee
to review applicants, with they
right of appeal to three public
officials.
Police Beaten
In Baton Rouge, La., Police
Chief Wingate White and five
policemen were mobbed by about
50 Negroes attempting to desegre-
gate the city park swimming pool.
A police captain was cut on the
head and arm. Five Negroes, in-
cluding two women, were arrested.
A spokesman for six civil rights
organizations planning a demon-
stration in Washington on Aug. 28
said in New York that the group
will ask President Kennedy to re-
ceive a small delegation the day
of the march.
Franklin D. Roosevelt Jr., un-
dersecretary of commerce, told the
Senate Commerce Committee that
racial discrimination has become
an explosive national issue and "is
crying for an answer."
Rails Endorse
New Proposal
To End Threat
WASHINGTON (P)-The na-
tion's railroads emphatically en-
dorsed yesterday President John
F. Kennedy's plan for averting a
nationwide railroad strike as Con-
gress began consideration of the
legislation, cautiously optimistic of
passage.
But a railroad spokesman said
new job-eliminating work rules
would still be imposed at midnight
Monday-the signal for the threat-
ened walkout-if the administra-
tion's bill has not been approved
by then.
Congressional leaders would not
predict they could act on this be-
fore the Monday-midnight dead-
line.
A spokesman for the five on-
train unions involved said a state-
ment on the unions' reaction to
Kennedy's plan would be issued to-
day.
But in Cleveland, Roy E. David-
son, grand chief engineer of the
Brotherhood of Locomotive Engi-
neers, said he could not think of
"a worse place than the ICC to
refer the dispute to."
"The agency is management-
oriented and has no grasp of labor
management relationships and
principles," he said.
Meeting
Reaches
Accord
By BARBARA LAZARUS
Personnel Director
Special To The Daily
MIAMI BEACH-In the midst
of parliamentary haggeling yester-
day the national governors con-
ference suspended its rules to
pass a motion that its "executive
committee give top priority to
the matter of civil rights for the
coming year."
The motion, sponsored by Demo-
cratic Gov. John Dempsey of
Connecticut, passed 38-3 and wip-
ed out all chance for Republican
Gov. Nelson Rockefeller andother
GOP governors to go on record
as being responsible for any civil
rights motions produced by the
conference.
Immediately after Dempsey in-
troduced his proposal and asked
for a suspension of rules, Rocke-
feller attempted to add an amend-
ment which would have set up a
"special committee" in place of
the executive committee to handle
civil rights.
Out of Order
Conference chairman Gov. Al-
bert Rosellini of Washington ruled
Rockefeller out of order until a
motion to suspend the rules had
passed. The rules suspension mo-
tion, which requires a three-
fourths vote, carried 36-5.
When Rockefeller again tried to
press his amendment, the gov-
ernors moved to table it, 25-17.
Dempsey then moved for a vote
on his motion which passed lack-
ing only Alabama, Mississippi and
South Carolina support.
During the roll call, Democratic
Gov. George C. Wallace of Ala-
bama and Rockefeller asked for
and were granted time to explain
their votes. After the vote, Rosel-
lini asked them to file explana-
tions to the conference secretary,
since the scheduled civil rights
"debate" had extended past its
4 p.m. deadline.
Allows Speeches
Rosellini finally allowed Wal-
lace and Rockefeller to speak for
one minute each. Rockefeller said
that he had "been accused of
playing politics, If the conference
acted in its procedural way in
the beginning, we would have
avoided any trouble."
Earlier in the session Republi-
can Gov. Mark Hatfield of Oregon
representing 15 GOP governors
proposed to suspend the rules and
pass a motion "for the purpose of
introducing ,a meaningful civil
rights resolution for a meaningful
vote." The motion failed 18-27.
Hatfield later issued a state-
ment on behalf of Republican
governors which said that "the
majority of governors here assem-
obled have abdicated a funda-
mental responsibility of the con-
ference, namely to have a mean-
ingful conclusion drawn concern-
ing this vital issue."
Wallace followed with a motion
condemning President John F.
Kennedy's civil rights bill before
Congress. His motion failed 10-35.
The session opened with a blast
by Rosellini at "some members
using the grave issue of civil
rightsas ammunition for political
warfare.
"The voices of several governors
in particular have been loud in
accusations and denunciations.
Vice-President Lyndon B. John-
son summoned the nation's squab-
bling governors last night to join
in providing a "responsible Ameri-
can answer"-not a Democratic
or Republican answer-to what he
called corrosive racial wrongs.
The vice-president stepped into
a national governors' conference
torn by bickering over politics and
the civil rights issue.
"The trust of public leaders,"
Johnson said, "will not be kept by
exploiting the issue for partisan
ends or discouraging its solution
for personal advantage.
Cautiou
Treaty
Completion
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Change Linked to Educa'tipon
riy:: i
By JEAN TENANDER
Dean William Haber of the
literary college links closely the
instability of today's world and
the obligations of higher educa-
tion.
"In a time unequaled in the
history of the world for its
changing patterns in all fields
from political science to eco-
nomics, only the broadly edu-
cated person is in a position to
adjust himself to these chang-
es," Dean Haber commented.
He pointed to the technolog-
ical revolution and the current
battle raging on the civil rights
issue as examples of changes oc-
curring on the domestic scene.
In international affairs he used
the evolving nations of Asia and
Africa to illustrate his belief.
"For the new nations groping
toward a better life there is no
such thing as stability," he said.
"The only stability is the sta-
bility of change. This can be
applied to ourcountry and to
our individual worlds as well."
Continual Adjustment
In the face -of the great ad-
justments society is continually
forced to make in the present
decade, universities and the
University must help prepare
their students for the adjust-
ments they will have to make.
"They must be helped to under-
stand the reason and the na-
ture of change and how to'
adapt themselves to it," he said.
Turning to more specific
problems of higher education,
he explained the pressure under
which higher education finds
itself is the result of three eas-
ily identifiable sources. They
are, "the increasing number of
high school graduates, the rela-
tively greater capacity of Amer-
ican families to underwrite the
cost required for higher educa-
tion, and the growing demand
of employers for college gradu-
ates to fill their job openings."
Impart Challenge
"These three factors impart
an unusual challenge to the lit-
erary college, Dean H a b e r
commented. He termed it a
He stressed the necessity of
maintaining the human side of
liberal arts. "Education must be
preserved and strengthened.
More attention should be foc-
used on training good and crea-
tive teachers who inspire the
student to explore the myster-
ies of both our society and our'
human relations."
Residential College
Regarding the proposal to es-
tablish a small residential col-
lege, within but separate from
the literary college, Dean Haber
said it was "a proposal which
deals with the problem of
growth and would make it pos-
sible for a larger number of
students to take advantage of
high quality education without
engulfing the present structure
of the college." He did not spe-
cifically endorse the proposal
but said the faculty of the lit-
erary college would discuss the
plans in the fall.
The new college would pro-
vide a different curriculum as
well as a different housing sit-
uation from the regular college.
It would not, however, differ in
either student-faculty ratio or
running-cost expenditure per
student from the literary col-
lege.
Master Plan
Asked whether he thought the
"Master Plan" of education
which has been put to effec-
tive use in the California school
system could be applied to edu-
cation in Michigan, lDean 1Ha-
ber replied he did not think so.
He explained that the back-
ground of education in the two
states differed too widely to
See HABER, Page 3.
DEAN WILLIAM HABER
... change and education
challenge which the college
must not only meet but must
win. "One of the most vital
parts of the challenge is the
necessity to prevent numbers
from diluting the quality of the
education. This is not an easy
task in a world, which is in-
creasingly required to deal with'
ever larger numbers of people,
machines, and ideas," he said.
Nears
Thay rA sks
Legislative
Tax Relief
Relieving the burden of busi-
ness and property taxes and mak-
ing hard decisions about imple-
menting the new constitution are
two major problems the Legisla-
ture faces in its special fall ses-
sion, Sen. Stanley G. Thayer (R-
Ann Arbor) said Monday.
The Senate GOP caucus chair-
man told Ann Arbor Lions Club
that "Michigan business taxes
pose, two major problems; they,
are high in relation to business
taxes levied by competing indus-
trial states and they are partic-
ularly burdensome' to new or mar-
ginal businesses."
Hinder Competition
Thus they are a hindrance in
competition for job-producing in-
dustry, he said.
Thayer also noted: the .tax bur-
den on low income families. "Fai-
ilies of low income pay a greater
percentage of their total income
for such things as food, clothing
and other things but a lower per-
centage on services not subject to
state taxation than do families of
higher income.
He cited the tax problems of re-
tirees and those loving on small
fixed income.
Property Taxes Inadequate
Property taxes are inadequate
to meet the service demands on
local government, Thayer said.
He named three major consti-
tutional decisions facing the Leg-
islature:
1) Shall the civil rights commis-
sion be merely a watchdog or
strong body?
2) Shall present county officers
be retained as part of county home
rule charters?
3) What should be the precise
kind of court system to replace
justices of the peace whose offices
will be abolished in five years?
He assured the Lions Club that
"some of the finest minds avail-
able at our state institutions of
higher education" are at work on
law revision proposals.
T3 "IT1 *
X164,000. Most of the increase'
would be accounted for by putting
to use some 60,000 quota numbers
which} are "wasted" each year by
countries having, larger quotas
than they can use.
Another effect would be to in-
crease sharply immigration from
certain countries-notably Italy,
Greece and Poland.
Quota Discrimination
Kennedy argued that present
quotas discriminate against most
prospective immigrants except/
those coming from northern Eur-
ope. In a letter to Congress, the
President presented an alternative
quota plan-sure to stir contro-
versy-which he said would ob-
serve "principles of equality and
human dignity."
Instead of admitting immigrants
native country, Kennedy proposed
according to quotas assigned their
these priorities:
1) Half of all immigration visas
would be reserved for those likely
to contribute most to the. United
States "by virtue of their excep-
tional skill, training or education."
2) Second priority would go to
those with relatives living in the
UniteI States.
Immigration Ceiling
Within each priority group,
visas would go first to those who
filed applications at the earliest
date.
Under present law, an annual
immigration ceiling of 156,700 is
divided among the other coun-
tries of the world in proportion to
the ancestry of various nationality
groups living in the United States
in 1920.
Kennedy would boost the annual
ceiling to 164,500 and cut each
individual country's quota by 20
per cent a year for five years-un-
til these quotas were entirely elim'-
inated.,
............. N.. :{.Y."W.4 5a
PRINCETON, YALE:
Eastern Fee Hikes Not T o Affect 'U'
Rusk Notes
Settlement
'Possibiity '
Negotiators Warn
Against Optimism
Until Treaty Signing
MOSCOW 0P)-A nuclear test
ban treaty appeared virtually com-
pleted yesterday but late hour re-
ports both in Washington and
Moscow added a note of caution.
American, British and Soviet ne-
gotiators were bright and smiling
when they left the conference ta-
ble yesterday afternoon, appar-
ently having drawn up a treaty to
ban tests in the air, under water
and in space acceptable to all
sides.
However, United States chief
negotiator W. Averell Harriman
suggested that in preparing trea-
ties they were finished when they
were signed-and not before. An-
other meeting was scheduled for
today, possibly to talk about an
East-West non-aggression pact.
In Washington, United States
Secretary of State Dean Rusk told
newsmen after attending a closed
door meeting of the Senate For'-
eign Relations Committee "we
think there is a possibility we
can get an agreement." He said
the onegotiations will continue for
a day or two.
' Earlier Reports
To earlier reports that he might
be going to Moscow perhaps' with
United States lawnakers to take
part in signing a treaty, he com-
mented: "There are no plns t go
anywhere now."
At. the end of yesterday's nego-
tiating ssson Harriman, Britain's
Lord Hailsham and Soviet Foreign
Minister Andrei A. Gromyko were
in as jovial a mood as when Pre-
mier Nikita Khrushchev opened
the talks nine days ago.
In London,'Prime Minister Har-
old Macmillan said he would will-
ingly attend a summit conference
if the Moscow; test ban negotia-
tions produced a thaw.
r Questioned in Commons
He was closely questioned in the
House of Commons about the prog-
ress of the Moscow negotiations
for a nuclear test ban.
Picking his words carefully, the
Prime Minister replied:
"I hope we may soon find these
negotiations reach a satisfactory
conclusion."
It still has not been confirmed,
however, that Soviet Premier
Khrushchev is willing to agree to
a testban without insisting on the
conclusion at the same time of
some form of non-aggression pact.
Criticism
Already there is considerable.
criticism in Congress of the pro-
posed treaty. In a speech prepar-
ed for the House, Rep. Craig Hos-
mer (R-Calif) said it would par-
alyze United States progress in big
weapons when the Soviets have al-'
ready achieved capabilities in this
field.
Another risk, Hosmer said, is
that "the United States gives up
entirely its opportunity to cope
with the Soviet's massive program
of hardening its offensive inter-
continental missile bases."
Meanwhile issuance of a final
communique on the Moscow nu-
clear test ban talks was expected
shortly. W. Averell Harriman was
due to return to Washington soon
afterwards, perhaps by Thursday.
Smit Answers
Fair Housing
Accusations
Ann Arbor Republicans lashed
back yesterday at a six-point Dem-
ocratic charge that Mayor Cecil
0. Creal has "repudiated the pledge
of a fair housing ordinance made
in this year's platform of his
party."
Republican city committee chair-
man Raymond J. Smit termed
The fact that Princeton and
Yale Universities have both un-
dergone considerable tuition in-
creases this year will probably not
effect the University at all, Clyde
Vroman, director of admissions,1
said yesterday.
Yale has increased its tuition by1
$250 from $1550 last year to $1800
this year. Princeton has raised its
tuition by $170 from $1600 to $1,-
770.+
There are two different reac-
tions that could be expected from
the University, Vroman said. One
would be a comparable tuition
raise which he indicated was clear-
ly not going to occur this year,
and probably would not occur next'
year either. "The University does
not hike its tuition just to match1
a tuition raise in another institu-
tion," he pointed out.
The second reaction to the east-
ern colleges' increased fees would
be an increase in the number of
applicants to the University since
the raises 'place the University in
a lower fee bracket. This he said
was also unlikely.q
There is a general pattern in
college applications today, Vro-
man said and this seems to be es-
tablished on a level more or less
unaffected by the various tuition
boosts of the educational institu-
tions.
Three types of applicants have
emerged in the last 20 years, those
who have the financial ability and
the intellectual capability to at-
World News Roundup,
By The Associated Press
WASHINGTON-The Senate Foreign Relations Committee voted
yesterday to restore President Kennedy's authority to extend most-
favored-nation treatment to Yugoslavia and Poland.
The action was the first major victory for administration forces
in the committee's consideration of Kennedy's foreign aid program.
It is expected to generate a fight when the bill reaches the Senate,
which last year accepted a House provision requiring the President
to withdraw tariff concessions extended to Yugoslavia and Poland
"under the most-favored-nation
trading policy.
tend any university they wish,
those who have the intellectual
ability but not the financial, and
those who have the intellectual
ability and have managed to ob-
tain scholarships.
He said that many students
have fixed their goals on colleges
far from their home states.
Iraqi Fe ud
Said Internal
WASHINGTON IP)-The United
States is watching the war be-
tween Iraq's government and the
rebel Kurds, but regards the
bloody 22-month-old civil war as
a strictly internal matter.
Officials also acknowledge the
United States would not want to
become involved out of fear of
antagonizing the three countries
which have to live with their per-
ennial Kurdish problem: Turkey,
Iran and Iraq.
Anti-Communist
Two of them, Turkey and Iran,
are U. S. allies. Though Iraq is
not an ally, its present regime,
which overthrew the rule of Abdel
Karim Kassem last February, is
at least firmly anti-Communist
and decidedly more friendly to
the West than Kassem's was.
Washington, however, . would
welcome a peaceful solution of'
the Kurdish problem with which
the Middle East has had to live
for decades. When the Western
allies decided to carve up the Ot-
toman Empire after World War I,
the Kurds were promised an in-
dependent Kurdistan-a promise
quickly forgotten in the Western
capitals.,
Extreme Demands
But Washington believes Kurd-
ish demands for complete auton-
omy are extreme and unrealistic.
No soverign country, an authorita-
tive United States informant said,
RACIAL EQUALITY:
Negroes Must Take Risk o Vil
3>-- <'?
By THOMAS COPI
"The Negro has got to be will-
ing to tike the risk of violence,"
said Detroit's Rev. Albert Cleague
yesterday.
"The Negro is no longer going
to accept second class citizen-
ship." Speaking to a gathering of
the University Friends of the Stu-
dent N o n v i o 1 e n t Coordinating
Negroes every day by refusing
them city service in not keeping
up parks, streets and libraries in
Negro neighborhoods.
Negro Struggle
"The struggle is essentially a
Negro struggle because whites
don't fully comprehend the dis-
crimination that is taking place,
because it doesn't really affect
ing from the scene as the protests
get more militant, and the in-
equalities are more dramatized.
Fight for Survival
"We are fighting a fight for
survival," he emphasized. People
must continue to protest, and
when sit-ins and boycotts fail to
work, we'll move on to something
DAMASCUS-Syria will con-
tinue to work for Arab unity, a
government spokesman said yes-
terday, despite Egyptian President
Nasser's angry repudiation of the
proposed Egypt-Iraq-Syria fed-
eration.
Information Minister Sami Jun-
di hinted the next move might be
a two-way union.
WASHINGTON - George E.
Mueller, who has worked on de-
velopment of both military and
civilian space rockets, was named
yesterday to head the nation's
_: .