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What Seniors Gain From College
7Ae 4ole' tnefit
(Continued from Page 8)
One-third of the samples intend
to go on to law school-a large
majority intend to go on to some
. lind of graduate school, with al-
most half of these planning on
host half of these planning on law
in the future. Medicine and teach-
ing also draw strong responses.
About half specifically mentioned
marriage as a goal, with only one
definitely not planning mnarriage.-
A few also mentioned the army as
something they were anticipating,
With one saying he wouldn't go
into the army unless he was
forced
A MINORITY of those inter-
viewed listed general criteria
for the future; most mentioned
specific plans for graduate school
or a type of work, with only
vague plans beyond this, Of those
with general plans, however, in-
come, security, and "not wanting
to stagnate" headed the list of
goals. Only one student listed
community activities specifically
as a goal, although perhaps those
not wanting to stagnate could al-
so be placed in this category.
Lierory College
Sentior Wornawn
THE SENIOR WOMAN in the
literary college is a careful in-
dividual, not terribly sure of her
future but apparently quite clear
on her desire for the security of a
married life.
Interviews with this segment of
the 1959 senior class revealed a
wide diversity of motives, achieve-
ments and future goals. However,
nearly every woman interviewed
mentioned marriage in the near
future in one way or another;
most of them simply said that
marriage was one of their goals
after graduation. The tendency
for this reply to occur was notable I
even when the woman's other
plans were ill-defined, or absent.
The women mentioned two oth-
er future goals with some repeti-
tion, although neither as often as
marriage. One was the desire to
seek further education after grad-
uation and the other, the inten-
tion to teach. Continuing their
education was somewhat more
prevalent than teaching.
UNDOUBTEDLY the particular
group being interviewed -
senior women in the literary col-
lege-had considerable bearing on
both of these tendencies. Teaching
has been a traditional occupation
for women on graduation from
college. The desire to continue
their education may result in part
from the requirement of many
states to obtain a master's degree
or at least complete a certain
number of additional hours of
study.
However, the interviews did not
aim at correlating these two an-
swers.
Beyond these replies, the senior
women were rather vague on their
future plans. There was an occa-
sional mention of traveling and
trying different types of work over
the next few years; some qualified
these by saying these were their
plans if they were not married. A
few had specific ideas about their
aspirations, such as entering into
politics and "Christian education."
However, most of the women ex-
pressed an intention to work after
graduation but were seldom spe-
cific except with teaching,. The
interviews showed a certain feel-
ing of apprehension about the fu-
ture, but none revealed a fear of
facing it.
rplE WOMEN in general shied
away from strong or dogmatic
statements on all subjects; they
reflected a rather sober outlook on
life and their college years. Most
agree that their opinions today
are more moderate than when
they came to college.
A few said in so many words
that their tolerance was much
greater now (although they :did
not mention the objects of this
new tolerance.) More frequently
the women said they had acquired
a broader outlook on life and
learning in college. Compared to
other subjects, quite a few women
mentioned this broadened outlook.
Significantly, however, none of
the students said that college had
changed their basic_ values while
several definitely said it had not.
Nevertheless, the women men-
tioned quite frequently that col-
lege had instilled them with criti-
cal thinking ability and channeled
their interests and knowledge.
SO WHILE their values have re-
mained the same, many wom-
en have gained a more mature
perspective on life in their years
here. It was only occasionally that
any gave a definite reason for
coming to college, although two
said they came for a career.
The mellowing tendency of the
college years was also reflected in
their respect for the scope and
nature of the institution at which
decent living. The women seldom
mentioned religion or the role it
had in their lives.
While a good part of their as-
pirations turned on themselves,
and very few mentioned' any de-
sire to help others in their future
years or in their vocation, the
women frequently noted that a
major achievement of their col-
lege years was learning to live
with other people or at least get
along with others.
Engineering Senior
MOST ENGINEERS mentioned
technical skills as their chief
benefit gained from the Universi-
ty. Some felt their education here
was adequate although the quality
of instruction varied. Several
mentioned, and all seemed to be-
lieve, directly or indirectly, that
their degree and education meant
mainly increased job opportuni-
ties.
A significant number, however,
generally attributed more to con- solutist,-and more of a relativist"
tacts with people than to any in most of his attitudes and opin-
ions.
academic life. "My views haven't O
changed much, but in the fra- One other student mentioned
chagedmuc, bt i th fr- ,that, in the process of learning
ternity I've learned to get along and of participating in extra-cur-
with people," was a standard .an- I ricular activities, he had learned
swer. One boy said he had gained to despise the "average" student
new standards and a wider com- and the engineer who worked for
prehension of "life's problems,"I
but the general emphasis was on
social viewpoints. As to matura-
tion, several admitted it, but ques-
tioned the real effect of the Uni-
versity on their mental and emo-
tional coming of age. "I wouldi
probably have grown, up anyway,"
some said,
LESS PEOPLE than in literary
college said that they had
gained many new friends. At least
three or four said that they had
made many acquaintances, but
that they had not had time to
become really good friends with
very many people. Others, how-
grades and nothing else. An over-
emphasis on grades was blamed
for student apathy and for the
narrowness which might be found
in the field.
In the area of other personal
values (i.e., religion, character de-
velopment, etc.), one found them
too personal to mention, and few
engineers mentioned them at all.
One said he kept his religion, an-
other found time to look at reli-
gion and say "it ain't necessarily
so." Only one student mentioned
that at the University he had
found time to study himself, while
another felt that the responsi-
bility imposed by the honor sys-
tem contributed to the develop-
ment of both his and other's char-
acter.
BEING ON your own, away from
home, was felt to be generally
educational and the campus com-
petition and cooperation was call-
led generally stimulating. Several
students agreed that the greatest
value of their education was not
found in classes, but none really
said where it was found. "I picked
up liberal ideas," one student said;
another commented "I discovered
that there are pressure groups
and cliques everywhere, that the
University is not really a 'false'
situation." Still another com-
mented "the reward for hard work,
I have found, is not monetary"
and another claimed personality
development was- the most im-
portant thing he had gained here.
A fairly high value was placed
on social education. One boy com-
plained of too many extra-cur-
ricular activities; another said
that too few took advantage of
the existing ones . . . and several
said they 'had learned to drink
here.
THOSE WHO mentioned frater-
nities said they gained from
them a chance to learn leadership
and to live with other people. One
commented that "social life is
okay here, if you like that sort of
thing" and several others said
they had been only slightly affect-
ed by their social life. Many of
these men were married and this
may have affected the relatively
small number of comments in this
area,
One student emphasized the
necessity he and others felt to
responsibly balance their aca-
demic, cultural and social activ-
ities. One engineer said he could
not crystallize anything worth
saying about his education and re-
fused to comment any further.
Most male engineering seniors
seem to-know what they want out
of their future. Many want to work
after their service responsibilities
are over, but a good percentage of
the group sampled plan to go. to
graduate school for further busi-
ness or engineering training. Mar-
riage was included in many of
their plans to work and settle
down.
Plans for avocations after grad-
uation - such as doing lighting
for plays -were mentioned. A de-
sire to contribute to society as well
as to gain personal satisfaction
from a job, a feeling the money is
not everything in a job, and a
need for continued stimulation
were expressed.
Business Administration
School Senior
RESPONSES of the business ad-
ministration students varied
widely. However, a strong majority
emphasized a greater ability to
handle human relationships as one
of the chief benefits they had
gained from college. They felt this
had been valuable both for busi-
ness purposes and for their gen-
eral social life.
(ConcUlded on Page 14)
ICHIGAN DAILY MAGAZINE
Hy PADMA HEJMADI
ANN ARBOR -- with four other
centers in the world, at Milan,
C o 1 o g n e., San Francisco, and
Tokyo - is the scene of challeng-
ing-experiments in a new art form.
Milton Cohen, an instructor in.
the architecture and design school,
and Gordon Mumma, former
graduate student in music at the-
University, are working on -the
projection of mobile, light-color
imagery synchronized to specially
composed electronic music, that is
to be played within the surface ofI
a plastic "Dome of Light."
Cohen has recently received al
Rackham grant for the installa-
tion of this air-structured dome
(which will be about 30 feet in
diameter) but before this his work
has been projected on a series of
screens located at different angles
and levels to emphasize its spa-
tial characteristics. The basic im-
a e - -ehed ca erve~d or burnedC
in solidity but in light and sound.
("As a composer," says Gordon
Mumma, "my ultimate concern in
the use of electronic sound sources
is the proper understanding and
control of aural space as an ele-
ment of aural definition.") -
There is a sense of total partici-
pation in a new reality which will
be heightened still further when
the imagery and sound is projected
within the proposed dome. As a
more contemporary definition of
space the dome is a segment of a
sphere suggesting a surface that
echoes the bigger world and worlds
beyond.
WHILE NOT invalidating paint-
ing, Milton Cohen believes
that unlike painting and sculp-
ture which tend to freeze dimen-
sion, mobile light allows for un-
limited space-play. "Free of arbi-
g Ls ML tu, UU.4V . VE -'X
into long horizontal slides that trary frame line, light may ex-
move automatically through light plore and define form within a
projectors - are further manipu- total space." And in watching this
lated by means of color and prism drama of highly controlled color-
wheels. Music which is composed form playing across the inner
with a sound generator and mag- surface of the dome, the viewer
netic tape is channeled through may discover a new totality of
a series of loud-speakers appro- ; pictorial participation, engulfed
priately spaced behind the screens. in fluid light and sound. "In the
mediaeval chapel," says Cohen,
O THE spectator walking in, "surfaced with painting, sculp-
the immediate impression is of tures, and mosaic tile, and lit by
the waiting whiteness of screens the fluctuating light of candles
standing in intriguing positions to and colored glass, a complete spa-
one side of the studio. There is no. tial ordering was realized. Today
warning of what lies ahead as you an equally compelling artistic or-
take your chair and the lights go dering may' be realized within
off, except perhaps the anticipa- domed space."
tion of an unknown experience. Perhaps the greatest factor con-
Then in the darkness there is a tributing to this spatial ordering
stab of light - maybe a clear, in- E and the experiencing of this art
tense red - appearing on the form, is the perfect coordination
screen to an equally clear, equally I of Gordon Mumma's electronic
intense impact of sound; widening and concrete music with the pro-
into abstract images of color and jections of light, image and color
light as the music begins to un- in Milton Cohen's art-forms in il-
fold its theme, moving across the lumination. "I wish to establish,"
surfaces, breaking as one screen says Mumma, "meaningful artis-
ends and reappearing on the next tic relationships between the dy-
one, gaining depth here and com- namic time-motion of the music
plexity there as the music too ac- and the dynamic time-mobility of
quires corresponding timbre and the light image."
i
7
they spent four years. Severalj
women spoke of the finest minds,
in the country and the rich diver-1
sification of cultural and educa-
tion ' advantages in Ann Arbor.
While a few spoke of "paternal-,
ism," most of the women had
praise for the University and said
its size did not hamper their edu-
cation to any great extent.
On the whole there seemed to
be little dissatisfaction with the
educational job the University is
doing. Realization of $he extent
of their ignorance was more
frequently cited as an educational
benefit.
BUT IN ALL matters there was
only a ripple of dissatisfac-
tion among the senior women, In
the answers there seemed to be
allusions to fear of not being one
of the crowd. There was also a
recurring undercurrent that the
women feared becoming intellec-
tually stagnant after graduation
or being bored after the ,diverse
stimulation from the university
atmosphere.
Seldom did the women mention
financial security or what they ex-
pected either they or their hus-
bands should earn to provide
whatever would be considered a
Leaving the Classroom
felt that the engineering program
was "too limiting"-that it "shel-
tered the student" and prevented
his "real education." A few found
their main stimulation in literary'
college courses and these same
people complained of inadequate
preparation outside their field.
"Engineering has become too big
a field to be covered in an under-
graduate program," one student
said. "You can only get the basic
fundamentals, and yet I feel the
need of more courses outside my
field." Several, again complaining
of narrowness, turned to physics
and- math where they could be
"pushed harder" and challenged
more directly.
A BROADER viewpoint was
again generally acknowledged
as a result of University educa-
tion, although two or three- said
that college had changed neither
their values nor their orientation
towards life and society. Only two
said they had learned to think
critically, one claiming he had be-
come dissatisfied with his world,
desiring now to change it, but de-
pressed by the inevitable futility
of such efforts.
Broadened backgrounds were
ever, found in friendship their
greatest college benefit, and sev-
eral found that through friends
they were introduced to otheir
fields, hence gained a broadened
perspective.
Some found in dorm living their
greatest opportunity to meet and
"get along with" other people,
while others, mainly older stu-
dents living in apartments, failed
to mention this, although they
did find value in increased intel-
lectual contacts they had made
here.
Those who mentioned intellec-
tual curiosity attributed it to their
courses outside of engineering col-
lege, although one mentioned that
his broadened interest in world
affairs probably resulted from his
army service and his fear of being
drafted again in case of war.
A FEW STUDENTS mentioned
that they had become con-
scious of "how much more they
had to learn" and that suddenly
they had discovered how many.
other things in life there were to
do. One felt that his later success
would be dependent upon effective
use of his spare time, while an-
other learned here to be less "ab-.
overtones in an integrated pattern
of sight and sound,
It is a dissolution of the two-
dimensional, four-sided picture
plane. The areas most clearly fo-
cused on the screen (the crystalli-
zation of sight and sound) merge
into exquisite patterns, are picked
up in oblique flares of light and
melt into shadow as the sound
throbs into silence. Image after
image moves across the screens
and even beyond them, blurring
into the edges of darkness where
the line of demarcation ceases to
exist between the end of the sur-
face and the beginning of space.
There is a sense of the picture
stepping out of its framework,
breaking through its borders to
encompass the spectator, bridging
the distance between the observer
and the observed.
AND YET this is something not
immediately apparent for it is
a worldrthat is strange at firstrand
incomprehensible. But after a
while, even if you do not under-
stand the abstractions, you begin
to respond to them and find your-
self dissolving into an extremely
suggestible world of color and
music and light. You are aware
of a heightened consciousness to-
ward space; of sudden shifts in
perspective with regard to move-
ment and complete rest and of
strange new intuitions of rhythm.
It is an intense experience,
something that cannot be taken
too long at first and is at times
almost disturbing for it seems to
destroy your physical cues. You
lose your sense of location, of
solid and void, and scale and pro-
portion - there are glimpses of
sudden unfathomable depths that
leave you uncertain as to whether
it is a part of the universe or you
are the size of an amoeba. Palpa-
ble distance is measured here not
Padma Hejmadi is a Uni.
versit- graduate sutdent in
ournalism from Inida.
SUNDAY, MAY 24, 1959
T IIS, to the spectator, results
in one of the most significant
aspects of this art form: its tre-
mendously evocative quality, im-
plicit in terms of itself. It does not
reproduce anything we have seen
because it does not need to. Even
the most unusual textures of
sound acquire a rhythm and
grace, rather like listening to
'poetry in an unknown tongue
where the meaning may not be
understood but the beauty is ap-
preciated. It is totally new and
yet it is an inherent blend of pastI
perceptions and hence has a
meaning indisputably its own.
The artistically manipulated
movement of light and color and
sound may be new across the
screen but the contemporary
vision has been prepared for it.
In our night world of lights, mov-
ing swiftly through the darkness
we glimpse a dissonance of light
Electronic Experience
and color and sound - recreated
here into an integrated expression
for the static viewer. The color
itself, emerging through a trans-
parency rather than bouncing off
the surface, has the same evoca-
tive quality - with suggestions of
jewelled light and the beauty of
stained glass windows. Again,
there is no need for the recogniz-
able image of a leaf on the screen,
yet the green is the pure quality
of light through leaves - a full,
vibrant color image of what our
senses have seen, known and re-
membered; a new art form but,
after all, part of a sensuous heri-
tage finding its inevitable expres-
sion in the contemporary world of
light and space.
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