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Lincoln's from page A27
4
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This portrait of Abraham Lincoln
was taken by Thomas Le Mere on
April 17,1863. National Portrait
Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
Stuart Michaelson
Rabbi Fischel and a delegation to
Washington to meet with Lincoln.
The group pleaded for religious
liberty and equal constitutional rights.
It's likely they didn't have to beg very
hard. The president told Fischel he
believed the exclusion of Jewish chap-
lains was unintentional and prom-
ised to rectify the situation. Lincoln
submitted a list of suggestions to the
House Committee on Military Affairs
that included changing the chaplaincy
law to include the appointment of
any "regularly ordained minister of
some religious denomination." The bill
passed in July of 1862.
Two months later, President Lincoln
named Rabbi Jacob Frankel of
Philadelphia as the first Jewish chap-
lain. Later, Rabbis Berhard Gotthelf
of Louisville and Ferdinand Sarner of
Rochester also were commissioned.
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A28
February 12 2009
jf
General Grant's Order No. 11
Lincoln's intolerance of bigotry and
prejudice came to another crucial test
in December 1862, when Gen. Ulysses
S. Grant issued Order No. 11. If you
haven't heard of Order No. 11, it's
not a surprise. The frightening edict
never received wide publicity. Grant,
upset by what he perceived as greedy
Jewish merchants taking over the
black market in Southern cotton and
trade, ordered an immediate expulsion
of all Jews from Kentucky, Tennessee
and Mississippi. Many Jewish fami-
lies found themselves on the road
— walking in some cases — looking
for sanctuary.
As instantly as was possible in those
days, Jewish leaders from around the
country sprang into action. They wrote
letters and telegraphed President
Lincoln and came to the White House
to condemn the act. Lincoln revoked
the order on Jan. 6, 1863.
Rabbi Wise was among those who
came to the White House. According
Holzer, this was one of the rare occa-
sions that Lincoln would overrule his
prized general. Lincoln told Wise that
Grant had proscribed a whole class of
citizens, many of whom were serving
as honored soldiers. He vowed that he
would not allow anyone to be wronged
because of religious affiliation.
Holzer credits Lincoln's swift and
decisive response to this crisis as the
one of the most important reasons
why the Jewish community rallied
behind his re-election.
A Nation Mourns
On Good Friday, April 14, 1865,
Abraham Lincoln was assassinated by
John Wilkes Booth. Ironically, not only
was it the same date that Jesus met his
death, it was also Passover weekend.
That Saturday, Jewish families across
the nation gathered for their seders
and mourned the loss of their leader,
friend and ally.
A national day of mourning was
declared for Wednesday, April 16. At
Temple Beth El in Detroit, Rabbi Isidor
Kalisch delivered the sermon.
"It is true that he shared the same
fate of Moses, the deliverer of Israel
from Egyptian bondage, who was
not permitted to lead the freed men
to the promised land ... So could
he perceive only from the gigantic
mountain of glorious victories over
the enemy the revived power and the
renewed glory of our blessed Union,"
Kalisch said.
Abraham Lincoln freed black
slaves, unified a divided country and
gave no shelter to those who preached
prejudice and injustice. The spirit
that guided him is evidenced in the
words inscribed on one wall of the
Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.
C., taken from his second Inaugural
address: "With malice toward none;
with charity for all; with firmness
in the right, as God gives us to see
the right, let us strive on to finish
the work we are in; to bind up the
nation's wounds ... "