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Across The Divide
The pope's visit puts new light on the conflicting
legal and spiritual claims to Jerusalem.
ERIC SILVER
Israel Correspondent
Jerusalem
ro
ope John Paul II's week-
long visit to Israel and the
Palestinian territories is
essentially.a spiritual jour-
ney. Yet no one, Catholic, Jew or
Muslim, underestimates its political
significance and its potential impact
on what remains one of the highest
hurdles on the path to a mideast peace
agreement — who governs Jerusalem.
Like much else during this pope's
tenure, the Vatican's position on
Jerusalem has changed radically, from
internationalization, which would
have denied Israel any special claim,
to international guarantees of access
to holy sites.
The final status of the city, the
church argues, must be determined in
negotiations between the Israelis and
the Palestinians. It insists, however,
that Israel must not dictate the terms
unilaterally. The pope would not
agree with Israeli Prime Minister
Ehud Barak that Jerusalem is "the
eternal, indivisible capital of the
Jewish people."
That, however, remains Israel's
position, across almost the entire
political spectrum. Jerusalem is on the
agenda for the final-status talks, but
neither Labor noK Likud leaders are
contemplating any concessions on
sovereignty.
Jerusalem, unlike the West Bank
and Gaza Strip, was annexed to Israel
within weeks of the 1967 war.
Despite right-wing opposition jibes
that "Barak will divide Jerusalem", the
government says it will not go back
on that, though it is prepared to grant
special status to Muslim and
Christian holy places, including the
mosques on the Temple Mount.
Yasser Arafat, for his part, says at
every opportunity that he is deter-
mined to establish a Palestinian state
this year, "with Jerusalem as its capital."
The Palestinian leader does not
covet the whole city, east and west,
old and new. But under his interpre-
tation of the 1967 United Nations
Security Council Resolution 242,
which emphasized "the inadmissibility
of the acquisition of territory by war,"
east Jerusalem belongs to the Arabs. It
remains occupied territory.
Other Palestinian spokesmen have
also spoken of compensation (at the
very least) for Arab property abandoned
in west Jerusalem during the 1948 war.
Floating Balloons
Neither Jews nor Arabs want to put
back the barbed wire and sniper walls
that disfigured the city before 1967,
but there is no sign of flexibility on
sovereignty. Israel wants to go on rul-
ing all of Jerusalem, the Palestinians
want to rule the eastern neighbor-
hoods where their people live.
The best hope of fudging the issue
lies in proposals, already floated by both
sides, for expanding the city limits.
Jewish suburbs and Arab villages would
be incorporated in Jerusalem. The
Palestinians could then establish their
capital in the village of Abu Dis, which
straddles the Jerusalem Jerichohighway
and from which you can see the golden
Dome of the Rock barely 700 yards to
the west. They could call it "Al Quds,"
the Arabic name for Jerusalem.
Something along these lines was
sketched by Shimon Peres' protege,
Yossi Beilin (now minister of justice),
and Arafat's deputy, Abu-Mizen, after
the 1993 Oslo accords brought the
Palestinian leadership back to
Palestine. Their respective leaders
never formally endorsed the idea, but
it is no coincidence that the
Palestinian Authority began erecting a
parliament house in Abu Dis — and
that no Israeli administration, Likud
or Labor, tried to stop it. The build-
ing is now almost finished.
It is not, however, the only thing
that has changed on the ground of the
holy city. Whatever Israel contends,
Jerusalem is de facto divided. Arafat's
minions have clandestinely taken con-
trol over education, welfare, religious
affairs and informal policing for the
200,000 Arab residents, most of whom
remain nominally Jordanian citizens.
At the same time, the Palestinians
have taken a leaf out of the Zionist
book and are "creating facts" by con-
structing thousands of apartments on
the eastern side of town. Khatem Eid,
a Jerusalem representative in the
Palestinian legislature, estimates that
ACROSS THE DIVIDE on page 12
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