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vote for him because of that.
What's interesting is that the
Jews were using a 'Jewish argu-
A partial list of U.S. presidents and their
ment' about whether or not to
Jewish interaction:
vote for him."
George Washington: Landmark letter on
Abraham Lincoln, a few
tolerance.
years later, also worried about
John Adams: Hoped Jews would return to
the Jewish vote. In 1860, Sarna
Judea and become "liberal Unitarian
said, there are records indicating
Christians."
he met with advisers to talk
James Madison: Thought political post for
about how to get Jewish votes in
Mordechai Noah would bring Jewish votes.
that year's election. A Jew gave
Abraham Lincoln: Met with Jewish leaders
one of three nominating speech-
to discuss getting more Jewish votes.
es for Lincoln at the Republican
Ulysses S. Grant Denied issuing order
Convention — Lewis Dembitz
during Civil War to kick Jews out of
of Louisville, Ky. He was the
Tennessee --- and later apologized without
uncle of Louis Brandeis, who
saying he was sorry.
was a Jewish political pioneer a
Grover Cleveland Alexander: Close ties
half-century later.
with Macy's Jewish department store
Once in office, Lincoln
founder Isidor Straus, who later died on
faced the wrath of the Jews on
the Titanic.
several pccasions.
Theodore Roosevelt Had some campaign
The first conflict came
material printed in Yiddish,
when Congress passed a law
Woodrow Wilson: Appointed first Jew to
reinforcing traditional policy
the Supreme Court, Louis Brandeis.
limiting the chaplaincy in the
Franklin Roosevelt: Had a slew of Jewish
armed forces to Christian min-
appointments, but little pressure from
isters. Since a number of Jews
them on saving European Jewry.
already were bearing arms for
Harry Truman: Couldn't deny appeals of
the Union, Jewish communi-
close Jewish friend, Eddie Jacobson, to rec-
ties around the nation decided
ognize Israel.
to mount a protest.
Richard Nixon: Sought spiritual counsel
They got together and hired
from Rabbi Baruch Korff during the
a New Yorker, Rabbi Arnold
Watergate crisis.
Fischel, to lobby the president.
Jimmy Carter: One of his Jewish mentors
Fischel apparently won over
was Navy Adm. Hyman Rickover.
Honest Abe; in the midst of
the political chaos of the Civil
become a symbol of liberation to
War, he pressed lawmakers to
many Jews. Even Reform movement L\
amend the chaplaincy law to include
leader
Rabbi Isaac Meyer Wise decid-
Jews as well as Catholics and
ed Lincoln wasn't the bumpkin he had
Protestants. A year later, they did, and
once considered him to be. Rather,
Fischel became first in a long line of
Wise felt that Lincoln must have been
official lobbyists for Jewish causes.
at least part Jewish — "Bone from our
Then there was the matter of
bone, flesh from our flesh," Wise
Grant's Order No. 11. In 1862, dur-
wrote.
"Indeed he presented numer-
ing the Civil War, Tennessee corn-
ous
features
of the Hebrew race both
mander Ulysses S. Grant became
in countenance and in character."
alarmed by reports of smugglers trad-
ing across the front lines.
Whispered voices said it was the
Grant's About-Face
Jews' fault, and Grant listened. His
But
all Jews didn't support the Union
answer: expel the Jews from Tennessee.
cause.
Consider Judah Benjamin, a
Dr. Arthur Hertzberg, in his
Louisianan
who became the first Jew
book The Jews in America
in the U.S. Senate and later the first
(Columbia University Press), tells
Jewish Cabinet officer. In fact, he
what happened next:
served as secretary of state, secretary
"Jewish delegations began to orga-
of war and attorney general — but
nize to protest to President Lincoln.
Richmond, not Washington.
However, before the formal protests
An early advocate of secession,
could be made, an individual, Cesar
Benjamin
may have been Confederate
Kaskel from Paducah, Ky., who was a
Davis' most trust-
President
Jefferson
friend and supporter of Lincoln, sim-
ed
adviser.
ply went to Washington and made
After Robert E. Lee's surrender to
the president aware of the order. It
Grant
at the Appomattox Court
was promptly revoked."
House
in Virginia, concluding the
By the end of the war, Lincoln had
ari
ktkl