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MONTICELLO'S page 99
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Monticello, strangely enough,
marks a Jewish connection with
the estate.
Rachel was the mother of Com-
modore Uriah Phillips Levy, a
member of a distinguished
Sephardic family and the first
Jewish officer in the U.S. Navy.
Born in 1792, during George
Washington's first term as presi-
dent, Levy was a student of Jef-
ferson's ideas on religious freedom
and on the separation of church
and state.
In 1777, Jefferson had declared,
in his Statute of Virginia for Reli-
gious Freedom, that such freedom
of worship applied not only to
Christian sects but for all beliefs,
including "The Jew, the Ma-
hometan and the Hindoo." Often
the victim of anti-Semitism dur-
ing a long naval career and fur-
ther persecuted by his fellow
officers because he opposed the
punishment by flogging which
then prevailed in the U.S. Navy
— Levy was a student and ad-
mirer of these principles of reli-
gious freedom. "My veneration of
Thomas Jefferson is wholeheart-
ed," he wrote.
That veneration took a practi-
cal turn in 1836. Only 10 years af-
ter Jefferson's death, Monticello
had fallen into disrepair and was
up for sale. Levy bought the prop-
erty and, at considerable expense,
undertook major repairs of the
house and grounds, intending to
preserve them for future genera-
tions. It was at this time, also, that
Rachel Levy died and was buried
at Monticello.
When her son died in 1862,
however, the Civil War prevent-
ed the execution of Levy's will. Lit-
igation ensued for the next 17
years, and Monticello again dete-
riorated. In 1879, Levy's nephew,
New York Congressman Jeffer-
son Monroe Levy, won legal recog-
nition as the heir to Monticello.
Like his uncle, Jefferson Monroe
Levy again undertook its restora-
tion and saw himself a protector
of the Jefferson legacy.
Members of Congregation Beth
Israel in Charlottesville have
heard from their parents and
grandparents about visits to Mon-
ticello. Congressman Levy always
welcomed them to the estate and
to the 4th of July fireworks he
sponsored every year.
After more than 80 years of
ownership and protection by the
Levy family, Monticello was sold
to its present owners, the non-
profit Thomas Jefferson Memor-
ial Foundation.
Both the Levys, Uriah and Jef-
ferson in turn, spent their sum-
mers in Monticello but retained
membership in Shearith Israel,
the Spanish-Portuguese Syna-
gogue in New York. Jefferson
Levy, for his part, involved him-
self in the cultural life of Char-
lottesville. He bought and
renovated the deteriorating town
hall as the Levy Opera House. At
the turn of the century, it was the
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center for all the theatrical arts of
Albemarle County, from opera to
vaudeville.
Himself a Sephardic Orthodox
Jew, Levy turned the manage-
ment of his theater over to mem-
bers of Beth Israel, a congregation
in the tradition of classical Ger-
man Reform. Live theater in
Charlottesville has long since giv-
en way to the movies, and the
Opera House is now an office
building, but the people of Char- _/
lottesville still call it, fondly, the
Levy Opera.
In its heyday, the opera house
was one of a number of enterpris-
es owned by members of Beth Is-
rael. Most of the businesses were
retail shops on Main St., now a
pedestrian mall. There was a time,
however, when Main St. was ac-
tually closed down during Rosh
Hashanah and Yom Kippur.
Today's members of Congrega-
tion Beth Israel are far more like-
ly to be doctors, lawyers and,
especially, teachers at Jefferson's
University of Virginia. There is
widespread observance of the
High Holy Days, but it is now lim-
ited to the synagogue itself, a
handsome building on E. Jeffer-
son St. two blocks from the cour-
thouse in which Jefferson and his
successors, Presidents Madison
and Monroe, had all pleaded their
legal cases.
Worship is helcralso at the Hil-
lel Hodse, on the campus of the
university. Friday night services
there are accompanied by a kosher
meal, open to the public, which is
prepared by the students them-
selves.
For more than a century, the
university had maintained a
strictly "Christian" environment,
over Jefferson's strongly worded
objections. Except for a handful of
Jews who were Virginia residents
— the university has always been,
nominally, a public state institu-
tion — the administration man-
aged to keep it substantially
"Judenrein."
This was the long period dur-
ing which women also were de-
nied admission. and the university
was known more as a kind of gen-
teel "finishing school" for men
only. After the Civil Rights Act
of 1964, the student population
became much more heteroge-
neous.
The "Jews, Mahometans and
Hindoos" of Jefferson's Statute of
N
Religious Freedom, as well as
women, have been admitted
freely. Jewish students constitute
approximately 10 percent of the
total student population, and
there are now Jewish faculty
members as well.
Heterogeneity has wrought
enormous changes. Virginia has
won recognition recently as the
No. 1 public university in the Unit-
ed States. Finally, the ideals of the
"Sage on Monticello" are being re-
alized in the once-sacred groves of
academe. Thomas Jefferson would
be very pleased. 0