Study Supports
Breastfeeding
The breast-feeding lobby has got-
ten a boost from a new study by
Weizmann Institute researchers
showing that the mammary
gland itself produces a key pep-
tide hormone regulating the mat-
uration and operation of the
reproductive system and brain.
This study, published in the
May 24th issue of the Proceed-
ings of the National Academy of
Sciences, was carried out by Pro-
fessor Yitzhak Koch and Ms. Nu-
rit Ben Aroya of the Institute's
Department of Hormone Re-
search; and Dr. Aarron Palmon,
Professor Yigal Burstein, Pro-
fessor Mati Fridkin, and Mrs.
Shoshana Tel-Or of the Depart-
ment of Organic Chemistry.
The finding in laboratory an-
imals that lactating breasts man-
ufacture that hormone — known
as gonadotropin releasing hor-
mone or GnRH — resolves a long
debated issue as to whether any
of the various peptide hormones
found in the milk of humans,
cows, sheep, goats, and rats are
made by the mammary itself or
merely taken up by breast tissue
from blood. The fact that GnRH
is produced by the nursing breast
and in amounts that are pre-
sumably regulated by this organ
strengthens the belief that this
vital brain hormone is important
for a mother's control over her
baby's development. This dis-
covery also helps explain why
GnRH is present in milk at a
concentration at least 10 times
that of the other peptide hor-
mones found there.
Local synthesis of GnRH in
the breast was demonstrated by
using the reverse transcription-
PCR, an enzymatic process en-
abling amplification of the levels
of RNA responsible for produc-
ing GnRH. The researchers iden-
tified GnRH mRNA in lactating
breast tissue but not in the
breast tissue of virgin rats.
Ever since 1977, when Pro-
fessors Koch and Fridkin dis-
covered GnRH in milk, the first
peptide hormone to be identified
in this essential fluid, the scien-
tists have been convinced that
its presence must have crucial
importance for the neonate, for
the mother, or for both. Although
research into these questions is
just beginning, there are already
hints of its possible physiological
relevance.
GnRH is best known for its piv-
otal role in the regulation of re-
production in adults. For this
purpose, GnRH is synthesized
and secreted by specialized nerve
cells in the brain, stimulating the
release from the pituitary gland
of hormones acting on the testes
and ovaries. Moreover, in early
life, the peptide hormone also
STUDY page 36
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