Study Supports Breastfeeding The breast-feeding lobby has got- ten a boost from a new study by Weizmann Institute researchers showing that the mammary gland itself produces a key pep- tide hormone regulating the mat- uration and operation of the reproductive system and brain. This study, published in the May 24th issue of the Proceed- ings of the National Academy of Sciences, was carried out by Pro- fessor Yitzhak Koch and Ms. Nu- rit Ben Aroya of the Institute's Department of Hormone Re- search; and Dr. Aarron Palmon, Professor Yigal Burstein, Pro- fessor Mati Fridkin, and Mrs. Shoshana Tel-Or of the Depart- ment of Organic Chemistry. The finding in laboratory an- imals that lactating breasts man- ufacture that hormone — known as gonadotropin releasing hor- mone or GnRH — resolves a long debated issue as to whether any of the various peptide hormones found in the milk of humans, cows, sheep, goats, and rats are made by the mammary itself or merely taken up by breast tissue from blood. The fact that GnRH is produced by the nursing breast and in amounts that are pre- sumably regulated by this organ strengthens the belief that this vital brain hormone is important for a mother's control over her baby's development. This dis- covery also helps explain why GnRH is present in milk at a concentration at least 10 times that of the other peptide hor- mones found there. Local synthesis of GnRH in the breast was demonstrated by using the reverse transcription- PCR, an enzymatic process en- abling amplification of the levels of RNA responsible for produc- ing GnRH. The researchers iden- tified GnRH mRNA in lactating breast tissue but not in the breast tissue of virgin rats. Ever since 1977, when Pro- fessors Koch and Fridkin dis- covered GnRH in milk, the first peptide hormone to be identified in this essential fluid, the scien- tists have been convinced that its presence must have crucial importance for the neonate, for the mother, or for both. Although research into these questions is just beginning, there are already hints of its possible physiological relevance. GnRH is best known for its piv- otal role in the regulation of re- production in adults. For this purpose, GnRH is synthesized and secreted by specialized nerve cells in the brain, stimulating the release from the pituitary gland of hormones acting on the testes and ovaries. 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