Jackson-Vanik also came
from Soviet Jewry activists
who wanted to retain the in-
tegrity of the measure.
"Jackson-Vanik has been
an effective and a very im-
portant tool," said Shoshana
Cardin, chair of the National
Conference on Soviet Jewry.
"There are times to use it as
a stick, and times to use it as
a carrot; we believe that now
the carrot approach is the
proper one to encourage fur-
ther progress in emigra-
tion."
Throughout the debate,
the National Conference
played a delicate role as it
attempted to help the Jewish
community adjust to the
radically altered interna-
tional environment of the
post-Cold War era.
"I'm very proud of the role
we played in this," said
Mark Levin, NCSJ's associ-
ate national director. "The
administration was hearing
a number of voices — but our
message had a clear impact.
And we played an important
role in helping move the
Jewish community along in
a responsible way that did
not ignore the remaining
problems, like long- term
refuseniks and poor
relatives."
In recent weeks, the
momentum for a waiver in-
creased rapidly.
The administration wat-
ched the growing economic
chaos in the Soviet Union
with alarm; there was an in-
creasing awareness that the
recent thaw in East-West re-
lations would be jeopardized
by a total collapse of the
Soviet system.
Another factor in the mix
that led to the president's
decision involved the
Israelis. During his trip to
Washington and New York,
Prime Minister Yitzhak Sha-
mir repeatedly called for a
waiver.
Soviet Jewry activists
were quick to point out that
last week's decision does not
represent the end of Jackson-
Vanik.
"The amendment is now a
permanent part of our for-
eign policy," said Mark
Talisman, director of the
Council of Jewish Federa-
tions Washington Action Of-
fice and one of the authors of
the original legislation.
"The Soviets will have to
demonstrate continuing
high numbers; the amend-
ment will continue to apply
to other countries with
human rights problems, like
China. This remains the
most useful tool in our tool
box for improving human
rights conditions around the
world."
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THE DETROIT JEWISH NEWS
43