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56
FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 8, 1991
Breast
self-examination —
LEARN. Call us.
i'AMERICAN
SOCIETY
CANCER'
•
sessions at Hebrew Univer-
sity. His classes focused on
American foreign policy.
Dr. Tanter lived in
Jerusalem's Yemin Moshe
quarter, home to numerous
artists and musicians, where
his neighbor was violinist
Isaac Stern.
"He asked me once, 'Do I
disturb you in the morning
when I play?' When I
assured him he didn't he
asked, 'And when do you
compose?' I told him, 'It's
hard to hear thoughts.' "
In Israel, Dr. Tanter
learned some Hebrew and
discovered "how important
it to be honest with Israelis
about what you think." He
found the country . "young
and brash" and its citizens
assertive. "I kind of like
that," he said.
He also met Arabs, who in
the 1970s were quite diff-
erent than they are now, he
said. In the 1970s, Arabs liv-
ing in Israel were compliant
— distant but not consumed
with anger. There were ter-
rorists among them, but the
majority "would never have
dreamed of using violence
against Israel," he said.
He blames the change to-
day on a lack of movement in
the peace process.
In 1981, Dr. Tanter joined
the National Security Coun-
cil's Near East and South
Asia bureau, where he serv-
ed for one year as senior staff
member. One of his con-
tributions at the NSC was
helping design the U.S.
policy toward the Palestine
Liberation Organization —
namely, that no talks were
possible until the PLO rec-
ognized Israel's right to exist
and renounced terrorism.
Dr. Tanter was responsible
in part for the "renounce
terrorism" clause, he said.
He said it was added because
American leaders never
believed the PLO would re-
nounce terrorism.
Among the politicians
with whom he came in fre-
quent, contact while at the
NSC were George Shultz,
Robert McFarlane, John
Poindexter and Jeane
Kirkpatrick.
Mr. Shultz, President
Reagan's secretary of state,
is a man of "great integrity,
great presence and great
leadership," Dr. Tanter said.
Mr. McFarlane and Mr.
Poindexter, both NSC ad-
visers, "thought they were
the successors to (former
Secretary of State Henry)
Kissinger," he said. "They
weren't."
Dr. Tanter often met
government leaders for a
game of tennis. "The reason
I was there with them was
that I could play tennis —
not that I was so powerful,"
he said. "So I used tennis
strategically. That's how
you get to know people."
As a member of the NSC,
Dr. Tanter found that polit-
ical decisions are most often
based on "what the policy
was yesterday. Like a ship,
American policy is hard to
turn around."
The key to making policy
in the first place is to con-
vince the president to state
it. "If you can get the presi-
dent to say something, it's
very hard to change it," Dr.
Tanter said.
That can often mean prob-
lems for the president's ad-
visers. In a speech before the
Conference of Presidents of
Major American Jewish
Organizations, President
Ronald Reagan said
Jerusalem should remain an
undivided city and part of
Israel.
"But that was not the U.S.
government's position —
which is that Jerusalem
-•
•
-I
As a member of the
NSC, Dr. Tanter
found that political
decisions are most
often based on
"what the policy
was yesterday."
should remain one city, but
not under Israeli control,"
Dr. Tanter said.
Hearing the president's
statement, "I thought: Oh
God, all hell will break
lose," he said. Dr. Tanter
immediately set out in sear-
ch of a solution.
He found it in the form of a
brief phrase: "The statement
speaks for itself." And that's
exactly what Mr. Reagan
said when he was queried
about his Jerusalem remark,
Dr. Tanter said.
It usually worked. But not
with King Hussein of Jor-
dan. Furious that the presi-
dent refused to clarify his
position on Jerusalem, the
king told Mr. Reagan,
"You've got Zionists on your
staff."
Mr. Reagan "had a real
soft spot in his heart for
Israel," Dr. Tanter said. His
successor does not.
"President Carter called
Israel's settlements in the
territories an obstacle to
peace and said they were il-
legal. Reagan softened that,
saying they weren't helpful
but were not illegal.
"Bush tends to follow the
Carter position. Whenever
Israel announces new set-
4