BACKGROUND
LEGENDARY
PERFORMANCE,
Anti-Semitic Undercurrent Pulls
Both Sides In Poland's Politics
HELEN DAVIS
Foreign Correspondent
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FRIDAY, JULY 13, 1990
nti-Semitism is
emerging as a potent
factor in the ongoing
power struggle within the
Polish Solidarity movement,
according to well-informed
East European specialists at
the London-based Institute
of Jewish Affairs.
Members of Solidarity's
center-right bloc, led by
Solidarity founder Lech
Walesa, claim to represent
nationalist and Catholic in-
terests and are increasingly
identifying members of the
center- left bloc, led by
Prime Minister Tadeusz
Mazowiecki, as Jews.
In particular, say the spe-
cialists, anti-Semitic
elements within Walesa's
group are, erroneously,
labelling Mazowiecki and
Labor Minister Jacek Kuron
as Jews. They are also poin-
ting out, correctly this time,
that two leading Mazowiecki
supporters —Bronislaw
Geremek, chairman of the
Citizen's Parliamentary
Caucus, and Adam Michnik,
editor of the pro-Solidarity
daily Gazeta Wyborcza — are
of Jewish origin.
In addition to the
"alarming nature of these
developments," say the in-
stitute's specialists, Dr.
Lukasz Hirszowicz and
Krystyna Sieradzka, "is the
fact that the new Walesa
team supports the idea of
making overtures towards
right- wing groups who give
prominence to anti-
Semitism and xenophobia in
their platforms and pro-
paganda."
They note that Walesa,
who aspires to be president
of Poland, last month at-
tempted to force Michnik to
resign as editor of Gazeta
Wyborcza, Poland's most in-
fluential newspaper, after
having succeeded in remov-
ing Geremek from his ad-
visory council.
Shortly after the unsuc-
cessful bid to unseat
Michnik became known,
Walesa acknowledged that
he had heard "rumours
about waging a war against
Jews who allegedly have
taken over all the key posts
in Poland."
In a statement that is
regarded as an attempt to
pre-empt charges of anti-
Semitism, Walesa said: "I
have never been anti- Jew-
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ish and I do not think that
the Jews in Poland today are
a problem or that they have
harmed Poland. Most of
these people," he added,
"have been building Poland
and they have made great
achievements."
Meanwhile, the growing
political struggle in Poland
has served as a cover for the
proliferation of anti-Semitic
publications, including the
notorious Tsarist forgery,
The Protocols of the Elders of
Zion. The publications,
which are publicly sold near
the Warsaw University and
in a church bookstore in
Warsaw's central Zagorna
Street, also include two new
Polish versions of the Pro-
tocols.
Another group of publica-
tions combines anti-
Semitism with anti-
Communism. One example
of this is The Grave-Diggers
of Russia, which first ap-
peared in the early years of
the Weimar Republic. The
booklet contains caricatures
of Russian revolutionary
leaders and purports to dem-
onstrate that Bolsheviks are
"the messengers of Jewish
stock-exchange dealers
around the world."
Yet another new anti-
Semitic publication is Fran-
ciszek Wolny's The Truth
About the Carmelite Sisters
Convent in Auschwitz, which
accuses Jews of conducting a
hate campaign against the
Carmelite sisters in par-
ticular and the Roman
Catholic Church in general.
Meanwhile, in the Polish
-
city of Szczecin, author
Zdzislaw Zalewski has pro-
duced a book claiming that
the Jewish population of
Poland is 700,000 (rather
than the estimated
5,000-6,000) and charges
that they constitute a grave
threat to the Polish nation
and its "true religion,"
Catholicism.
The proliferation of anti-
Semitic literature is regard-
ed as part of a wider
phenomenon and directly
related to the resurgence of
religious and nationalist
organizations. A recent arti-
cle in the liberal Polish
Catholic weekly Tygodnik
Po wszechnydescribed the
manifestation of anti-
Semitic tracts as "a black
current" and rejected the
view that they constituted as
abberation or that they were
limited in scope.
The article expressed
"true and profound sadness"
that they had apparently
"escaped the attention of the
church hierarchy," and add-
ed: "A statement from the
episcopate in this matter
seems indispensable."
Experts on Central and
East European affairs sharp-
ly disagree over the implica-
tions for Jews of the emer-
ging new order in Europe.
Addressing a conference
sponsored by the Institute of
Jewish Affairs in London
last week, Professor Antony
Polonsky, head of the In-
stitute of Polish Jewish
Studies at Oxford Univer-
sity, called on Western corn-
unities to assist in the