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White House Sends Conflicting
Signals About Jackson-Vanik
JAMES D. BESSER
Washington Correspondent
A
s the Soviet Union
grapples with legisla-
tion codifying recent
changes in its emigration
policy, the White House is
sending conflicting signals
about exactly when a one-
year waiver of Jackson-
Vanik trade restrictions will
be requested.
According to Mark'
Pelavin, Washington repre-
sentative for the American
Jewish Congress whose
group has officially favored a
waiver since early this year,
"Every (administration)
spokesman has a slightly
different nuance o.n the
issue."
In a television appearance,
Secretary of Commerce
Robert Mosbacher implied
that a waiver could be in the
offing in less than three
months, if the liberal
-emigration legislation,
which passed its first major
hurdle in the Soviet
legislature last week, is
enacted.
But Attorney General
Dick Thornburgh continues
to suggest that the ad-
ministration plans to wait
Richard Thornburgh:
Plans to wait.
for a "period of implementa-
tion" for the new law.
Last week, President Bush
was reportedly prepared to
announce a waiver at next
month's seagoing summit
with Soviet President
Mikhail Gorbachev. But
those expectations quickly
faded in the face of an ob-
vious tug-of-war within the
administration over the
issue.
"We heard these kinds of
things before the Wyoming
meeting, too," said Micah
Naftalin, national director of
the Union of Councils for
Soviet Jews, the group that
takes the dimmest view of
an immediate waiver.
"We're convinced the presi-
dent will hold fast. What
this administration has been
fighting for is an overall
sense that the Soviets can
prove real institutional
change. You can't say to the
Soviets, 'you're so close,
we'll take your word for it."'
A presidential call for a
waiver is only the first step
in the process. Before the
Soviets can begin enjoying
the benefits of Most Favored
Nation status, negotiators
from both countries must
negotiate a new trade
agreement, which needs the
approval of Congress.
I
1
01
4
I
I
Activists Fight
For Child Care Bill
The current fight for a
major child care bill is
frustrating Jewish activists
in Washington. Assistant
Washington representative
for the American Jewish
Committee, Judy Golub,
said, "A lot of people put a
tremendous amount of
energy and commitment into
producing a good child care
bill."
But last week, attempts to
unite three major child care
bills failed in Congress, and
the bill was further battered
by a rancorous debate over
how child care programs
should be funded — and over
longstanding differences
about the bill's church-state
provisions.
Mainline Jewish groups
like the American Jewish
Committee and the National
Council of Jewish Women
had supported federal fun-
ding of day care centers in
churches and synagogues,
but opposed the use of fed-
eral money for sectarian
purposes. Groups like the
U.S. Catholic Conference
and Agudath Israel of
America had insisted on
allowing the federal money
to be used for the teaching of
religion.
"There has been a fun-
damental misunderstanding
on this part of the bill that
has been successfully ex-
ploited by its opponents,"
said Sammie Moshenberg,
Washington representative
for the National Council of
Jewish Women. "They
warned that child care
facilities in churches and
synagogues would have to
take down the mezuzot and
crucifixes. We've done
everything possible to
educate people — but there
has a been a scare campaign,
and it's very difficult to
counteract."
While the struggle over
funding and jurisdiction
blocked the child-care mea-
sures, the church-state
dimension of the debate has
more ominous implications
for some Jewish activists.
"I am convinced that child
care will be the church-state
battleground of the 1990s,"
Golub said. "And, unfor-
tunately, the Jewish com-
munity is becoming less
unified on the issue. There
are more rabbis who worry
that our church-state posi-
tions could deny Jewish
parents the right to chose
Jewish early education for
their children. The support
of some Orthodox groups for
unsound church-state lan-
guage has hurt our cause."
N
4
-41
Museum Gets
New Holocaust Material
The staff of the Holocaust
Commission has reaped an
unexpected bonus from the
changing climate in East
Europe. In recent months,
the staff has concluded
agreements with a number
of Eastern European
governments giving them
access to previously
unavailable material for
U.S. Holocaust Museum ex-
hibits.
"The change in Eastern
Europe has had a major im-
pact," said Museum director
Michael Berenbaum. "It's
allowing us access to mate-
rial, information and people
that we never had under the
old conditions. It's been un-
precedented."
41