20
Friday, March 23, 1984
THE DETROIT JEWISH NEWS
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THE SUPREME COURT DECISION: The ruling of
the Supreme Court that cities may include a Nativity scene
as part of their official celebration of Christmas — and that
this is not a violation of the First Amendment of the Con-
stitution requiring separation of church and state — is
opening a Pandora's box in interreligious relations. It could
lead to the changing of the "Season of Good Will" to a season
of tension and conflict.
Leading Jewish organizations foresee significant
ramifications in the ruling. The 5-4 Supreme Court deci-
sion will have important implications for the broad issue of
government involvement in religious displays. Jewish
leaders have long held that government involvement in the
erection and placement of religious symbols constitutes, in
effect, governmental support of religion in general, and
even specific support of one sect or creed to the exclusion of
others. This is a serious impairment of the church-state
separation principle — a wall established by the Founding
Fathers and incorporated in the fundamental laws of the
country.
The Supreme Court ruling, issued in the case of Paw-
tucket, R.I. which for years put up a creche in its Christmas
display in a public place, with tax funds used to purchase
the life-size scene of the birth of Christ, will henceforth be
used in hundreds of cities for displaying creches and for
other religious acts which are contrary to the First
Amendment.
National Jewish organizations joined with the Na-
tional Council of Churches of Christ in a "friend-of-the-
court" brief opposing governmentally. - sponsored and
funded sectarian displays. One of their arguments was that
it was unconstitutional for tax-raised funds to be used to
purchase such sectarian displays.
Attempts to water down the First Amendment are now
being made in both houses of Congress.
JEWISH MOTIVATIONS: The National Jewish
Community Relations Advisory Council (NJCRAC) has a
record of repeatedly pointing out the following Jewish
motivations for opposing constitutional amendments to
sanction prayers in public schools:
• Experience teaches that efforts to introduce religious
practices into public schools generate the very interreli-
gious tension and conflict that the First Amendment was
designed to prevent.
• The broad concepts of freedom of religion and separa-
• tion of church and state prohibit government agencies such
as public schools from fostering religious practices or belief.
• It is impossible to devise a prayer that-is acceptable to
all groups; any effort to do so trivializes prayer by robbing it
of depth and meaning; a prayer which does contain depth
and meaning for some, will, in our pluralistic society, in-
evitably be offensive to many others.
In the opinion of NCJRAC, the argument by President
Reagan and others that the prayers will be "voluntary" is
no answer to these considerations. "To a child in classroom,
no part of school routine is voluntary," the NJCRAC points
out. It terms as "cruel" the device of telling children that
they are allowed to brand themselves as pariahs by leaving
the classroom or by remaining conspicuously silent during
the religious ceremony. "What actually happens when this
unwise practice is followed is that at least some of the
pupils depart from their parents' religious teachings," the
NJCRAC stresses.
This is also the attitude of the National Council of
Churches of Christ, of the Baptist Church, and of organiza-
tions standing on guard for civil rights. They point out that
religion does not need — and should not have — the spon-
sorship or support of government. Like the Jewish organ-
izations, they insist that religious practice should never be
made a matter of majority decision.
fAii1=11M11
History of Mideast trains
on view at Haifa museum
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HAIFA — Thr railroad,
one of the most popular
methods of Middle East
travel in the days before
miles of paved roads
crisscrossed the desert, is
the raison d'etre of Israel's
newest museum.
The Railway Museum, lo-
cated in the old Haifa East
Railway Station, houses a
collection of documents,
stamps, photographs, ticket
stubs and timetables detail-
ing the history of travel by
rail in the Middle East. Two
diesel loComotives from the
1950s, a 1922 saloon car and
a coach from 1893 are also
on display at the terminal.
Train travel was first in-
troduced in the region in
1882. By the turn-of-the-
century, those who made
their homes in Palestine
could purchase a ticket to
Cairo via Kantara on the
Sinai peninsula.
The idea for the museum
came from Ilan Falkov,
chief economist for Haifa
Railways.