THE DETROIT JEWISH NEWS
Quasar Phenomenan Studied by Brandeis Astronomers
WALTHAM, Mass. —
Quasars, objects which
some astronomers believe
are the beginning stages of
new galaxies, are the sub-
ject of an intense research
effort at Brandeis Univer-
sity.
Although quasars are
probably the brightest ob-
jects in the universe, they
weren't discovered until
1963. One reason for this is
that they are also the farth-
est objects from the earth,
with some being 13 billion
:ht-years away from us.
Prof. John Wardle of
andeis (a radio as-
tronomer) has been "listen-
ing" to quasars for nearly a
decade, since his graduate
studies at the famed Jodrell
Bank Radio Observatory of
--,
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someone makes a dispar-
aging remark about Israel —
"Israel is intransigent." "Is-
rael gets too much from the
United States." "Begin was a
terrorist."
You know what he's say-
ing is wrong, but you don't
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feeling that you've let Israel —
and yourself — down.
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MYTHS AND
FACTS
1980
A Concise
Record of the
Arab-Israeli
Conflict
Leon Uris says Myths &
Facts "is a clear. concise rec-
ord of a conflict that has
been rendered unclear and
over-simplified by 30 years
of propaganda and uneven
reporting. easy-to-use.
book is complete with index.
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the University of Manches-
ter in his native England.
Astronomers had orig-
inally thought these faint
pinpoints of light were
distant stars, until they
began to detect
stronger-than-normal
radio waves emanating
from them and dis-
covered a significant ab-
normality in their elec-
tromagnetic spectra.
The quasars' spectra, as-
tronomers learned, ex-
hibited a phenomena
known as the red shift: a
movement all along the
band of the spectrum
toward the red end, where
Israel to Host
Rheumatic Parley
NEW YORK — The sec-
ond International Seminar
on Treatment of Rheumatic
Diseases will be held in Is-
rael Nov. 23-30, under the
auspices of the Tel-Aviv
University Sackler School
of Medicine and in collab-
oration with the Israel
Society for Rehabilitative
Medicine & Rehumatology
and the Israeli League
against Rheumatism.
The seminar is intended
to enable rheumatologists
and allied professionals
from different countries to
present and discuss the re-
cent achievements in the
fight against rheumatism.
The program will include
visits to the rehabilitative
centers in Tiberias and the
Dead Sea.
the waves are longer.
Scientists know, for -in-
stance, the special wave
lengths radiated by hydro-
gen atoms and where they
should appear on the spec-
trum. When a red shift oc-
curs, however, hydrogen's
wave lengths appear closer
to the red end, or
lengthened, as do the
wavelengths radiated by all
the other different atoms in
the quasar.
This is explained by the
Doppler effect, in which
waves from an object mov-
ing away from the observer
lengthen — or shift to the
red end of the spectrum.
Conversely, when an object
moves toward the observer,
the waves shorten, or shift
to the blue end of the spec-
trum.
Astronomers
con-
cluded that quasars were
moving away from Earth
and, because of the
amount of the red shifts,
which can be measured
precisely, some quasars
were moving away at up
to 90 percent of the speed
of light.
The quasar object is 100
times brighter than a
galaxy but much smaller
than one, emitting tremen-
dous but variable amounts
of energy and often radiat-
ing intense radio and X-ray
emissions as well.
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Ancient Practice
Defines Length
of Rosh Hodesh
By RABBI SAMUEL FOX
Friday, March 21, 1980 13
INWOKOWN
:og*ggi
(Copyright 1980, JTA, Inc.)
In some months, Rosh
Hodesh is celebrated for one
day, while in others it is
celebrated for two days.This
practice reminds us of the
original method whereby
the first day of the _month
was ascertained.
The rabbinical court in
Jerusalem would await the
signal from the official wit-
nesses who would inform
the court that they had fi-
nally observed the appear-
ance of the new moon.
Since the court could not
conceivably begin the
month in the middle of the
day, on the eve of the 30th
day of the previous month
the 30th day of the month
was declared as the day of
the new moon just in case
the witnesses would come
some time during that
day and announce their
vision of the new moon.
If the witnesses did not
come or signal at all dur-
ing that day, then the 31st
day of the previous
month was declared as
the day of the new moon,
which in effect made for
two days of Rosh Hodesh.
If the witnesses, however,
did come on the 30th day,
then the 31st day was just
considered as the second
day of the new month and
Rosh Hodesh was just ob-
served for one day.
Promptness is the soul of
business.
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