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U. of M. College of Architecture Talks Recall Raoul Wallenberg's Rescue Work
For the second successive
year, the architecture depart-
ment of the University of
Michigan will pay tribute to
one of the great heroes of
World War II — Raoul Wal-
lenberg.
The second annual Wallen-
berg Lecture Series will be
conducted during an entire
day's ceremonies Tuesday.
Sol King, who inspired the
creation of the le c t u r es
through a special fund raised
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last year, will address a
luncheon meeting. The guest
lecture in the afternoon and
evening will be delivered by
Eric Larrabee, noted author
and lecturer.
King was a classmate of
Wallenberg in the U-MCo1-
lege of Architecture and De-
sign. He will share with the
participants in the second
sessions of Wallenberg lec-
ture series recollections about
the impressions the popular
student from Sweden left on
his fellow students, as well
as his heroic record in res-
cue work in the wrold war.
The luncheon will be at the
Campus Inn, E. Huron and
S. State, Ann Arbor, and the
lectures in Angell Hall.
Assistant Dean Herbert W.
Johe of the U. of M. College
of Architecture and Design
announces that a representa-
tive of the Swedish embassy
in the U.S. will greet the at-
tendees.
The heroic record of Raoul
Wallenberg's rescue w o r k
again is being recalled on
this occasion.
A moving account of Wal-
lenberg's rescue work is
given in "B'Riha: Flight to
the Homeland,' by Ephraim
Dekel, I s r a e l i journalist
(translated from the Hebrew
by Dina Ettinger), published
by Herzl Press. Dekel gives
this brief account of the Wal-
lenberg services which re-
sulted in rescuing tens of
thousands of Hungarian Jews
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who had been doomed for the
Nazi extermination camps:
"Late in 1943, Sweden sent
Raoul Wallenberg to its Bud-
apest legation as a special
representative to aid in the
rescue of Jews. Wallenberg
issued Schutzpaesse to thou-
sands of Jews in Hungary,
certifying that the holders
were entitled to the protec-
tion of the Swedish govern-
ment. Wallenberg did not
confine his activities to issu-
ing batches of safe-conduct
documents; he wielded his
personal influence and the
prestige of his government as
effective weapons to rescue
hundreds of Jews from de-
portation and death.
"On one occasion, Wallen-
berg learned that several
h u n d r e d Jews had been
herded together in a railroad
station where they were to
be put aboard a 'special'
train bound for one of the ex-
termination camps in the
East. He rushed to Ale station
and informed the Nazi officer
in charge that the transport
included holders of docu-
ments certifying that they
were under the protection of
the Swedish government.
Charging the officer with lack
of consideration for neutral
Sweden, which, he said, had
been active in aiding sick and
wounded German soliders,
Wallenberg demanded the im-
mediate release of all those
deportees holding Swedish
documents. He then strode
up to the train, which was
about to pull out of the sta-
tion, and shouted: Will all
those holding a Swedish
Schutzpaesse please get off
the train and step over here.'
Twenty Jews responded to
his call, left the train and
handed their papers to their
rescuer. Next, Wallenberg
called out: 'Will all those who
have temporary safe-conduct
passes, including papers
made out in Hungarian, step
over here and present them
for inspection?' In answer,
hundreds of Jews streamed
out of the train, handing Wal-
lenberg such odd assortments
of papers made out in Hun-
garian' as ration cards, medi-
cal -prescriptions and even
notepaper with official-look-
ing letterheads. While the
UAHC Sets Parley
YORK—The critical
issues that face Reform Ju-
daism in the coming years,
and adoption of new pro-
grams to perpetuate and en-
hance the synagogue as a
dominant factor in Jewish
life, will highlight the cen-
tennial convention of the
Union of American Hebrew
Congregations, to take place
at the New York Hilton Hotel,
Nov. 8-13. At the same time,
the National Federation of
Temple Sisterhoods will hold
its 60th biennial -convention
at the Americana Hotel.
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German officer watched in
bewilderment, the Swede
took the papers and led the
Jews out of the station. Some
of the almost-deportees were
given she in buildings
(Schutzhaeuser) acquired by
the Swedish legation in Ind-
apest for this purpose; others
were put into contact with
t h e underground organiza-
tions and were eventually
smuggled out of Hungry.
In this instance alone 200
Jews were saved from the
fate of the martyred Six
Million.
"When thousands of Jews
were forced to walk on foot
from Hungary to Vienna —
a distance of 125 miles — in
the dead of winter, Wallen-
b e r g suddenly appeared,
pressed Schutzpaesse into the
hands of as many passing
marchers as he could reach
without attracting the atten-
tion of the Nazis, and took
these people back with him
to Budapest, where he placed
them into the Swedish Schutz-
haeuser. It is reported that
hundreds of other Jews whom
Wallenberg could not supply
with -papers were saved from
death by members of his
staff, who followed the pitiful
procession in cars and sur-
reptitiously distributed food
and clothing to the march-
ers."
Raoul Gustaf Wallenberg
was born in 1912 into a prom-
inent Swedish family which
for generations had produced
outstanding statesmen, bis-
hops and diplomats, as well
as military heroes and finan-
cial leaders. A brilliant stu•
dent and fluent in several
languages, as a youth he
traveled extensively in Eur-
ope and in the Middle East,
and in 1935 took an honors
degree in architecture at the
University of Michigan. Re-
turning to Sweden, he re-
turned to the family interest
in finance, and for a time
worked for a bank in Haifa,
Palestine. Here he first saw
Jews in flight from Hitler.
This recollection was rein-
forced by his experience in
the early 1940's as foreign
representative of a Swedish
import-export firm, in which
opacity he made several
t r i p s to German-occupied
Europe. His visits produced
vivid impressions of Nazi
brutality, and these were
heightened by a close friend-
ship with a Hungarian Jewish
business partner.
In 1944, Wallenberg's com-
bination of pragmatic and
idealistic qualities came to
the attention of Iver Olsen,
the W a r Refugee Board's
representative in Stockholm,
and he was assigned as first
secretary of the Swedish Le-
gation in Budapest in charge
of a special department re-
sponsible for the protection
and relief of Jews. Arriving
in the city in July, Wallen-
berg worked heroically at his
task for the next seven
months, displaying an aston-
ishing ingenuity in the means
which. he devised to foil the
Germans and their Hungar-
ian supporters. He issued
thousands of protective pass-
ports of his own elaborate
design, complete with official
seals and the triple crown
insignia of Sweden. These
documents stated that the
bearer awaited emigration to
Sweden, and until his depatt-
ure, enjoyed the protection of
that government. In addition,
he r e n t e d 32 apartment
houses, raised the Swedish
flag over them, and used
them as safe houses for the
sheltering of Jews who were
constantly in danger of their
lives. Working around the
clock, he -built up a city wide
relief organization of hos-
pitals, nurseries, and soup
kitchens, staffing these insti-
tutions with 400 Jews. Nego-
tiating directly with the S.S.
and the Hungarian authori-
ties, he prevented the depor-
tation of thousands of Jews.
On more than one occasion
he went down to the railroad
station, and under the rifles
of the S.S., took refugees out
of the boxcars. He even or-
ganized an undercover group
of young Jews, who raided
Nazi prisons and released
Jews held in custody.
The Wallenberg committee
is organizing a fund-raising
drive, with the goal of $100,-
000, intending to establish an
endowment that will support
the lecture on a yearly basis.
In addition to Dr. Johe and
King, the U-M Wallenberg
committee includes Profs.
William Haber, Leonard
Eaton, Reginald Malcolmson,
Norbert Gorwic and Robert
Metcalf, and Philip Slomo-
vitz.
Friday, October 26, 1973-33
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