THE DETROIT JEWISH NEWS
Friday, July 9, 1971-29
Who's a Jew:
Definitions
Writing in the Jewish Digest,
Dr. Manhei• S. Shapiro offered
these definitions on who's a Jew?
How many definitions of a Jew?
One who acknowledges he is, or
is so described by other Jews.
One who is somehow influenced
in his choice and decisions by
some or all of the stream of devel-
opment of the Jewish people.
One who has the hutzpa to en-
gage even the kadosh-baruch-hu in
debate.
One who performs all 613 mitz-
vot. (Nobody.)
One who always recognizes an-
other Jew even when it turns out
it isn't.
One who remembers it in his
guts even when he denies it with
his words.
One who is proud even of Philip
Roth.
One who is born of a Jewish
mother and hasn't renounced it.
One who has renounced his -moth-
er but still tells his analyst he
finds himself in her power.
One who winces when he passes
a church.
One who remembers fondly all
the things his grandmother did
and he doesn't.
One who dares the rabbi to make
him better.
One who asks, ,"What is a good
Jew," because he knows there is
a better way to be one than he is.
One who worries about his son's
Jewishness, not his own.
One who gives to the campaign
until it hurts, or almost.
One who cries himself to sleep
at night and remembers and re-
members and . .
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Wiesenthal Sparks Nazi-Hunt
(Simon Wiesenthal heads the Fed-
eraticni of Jewish Victims
of the
Nazi Regime. Now 62, he has tracked
down more than 1,100 Nazi criminals,
inc l u d i n g Adolf Eichmann, Franz
Stangl and the Gestapo officer who
arrested Anne Frank. Most of his own
family was killed by the Nazis. Follow-
ing are excerpts from his report of
1970 activities.)
On Dec. 22, 1970, the former SS
Hauptsturmfuehrer Franz Stangl
was found guilty of causing the
deaths of 400,000 Jews when he was
a commandant of the extermina-
tion camp Treblinka from August
1942, until September 1943. He was
sentenced to imprisonment for life.
This was the greatest criminal case
in the history of German judicature,
and, with the exception of the
Eichmann trial, the most important
trial against an individual crimi-
nal.
Since 1948, we were concerned
with this case. In 1948, Stangl was
imprisoned in Linz for murder ac-
cording to the euthanasia program
at the Hartheim castle. At that
time he escaped and went to
Damascus, Syria, with the help of
"Odessa," an underground orga-
nization. A year later his family
joined him there. In 1952, we re-
ceived information about his where-
abouts in Damascus. Since the
Arab authorities do not cooperate
with us, we could not attempt any-
thing and Stangl's trace was lost.
In 1959, we were certain that he
had left the Arab countries and
lived in South America, but we
had no authentic information
about his whereabouts. Only in
1964 did we receive some infor-
mation about them, for which, if
correct, we were ready to pay a
reward of $7,000. Checking the
information proved difficult be-
cause Stangl had changed his
first name.
In 1966 we were certain that he
lived in Sao Paulo and worked in
the Volkswagen factory there. But
up to that date Brazil had never
extradited a Nazi criminal. There-
fore, we had to have extensive talks
with politically influential people
before the final arrest of Stangl
could take place. A detention in
the police headquarters, from
which the man would have been
released after a few days, would
have set us back for many years.
After having received the consent
of outstanding political persons, we
were able to approach the Austrian
Ministry of Justice for issue of a
warrant for arrest and requisition.
After a few dramatic weeks
Franz Stangl was arrested on Feb.
28, 1967. Our friends all over the
world began to call on the Brazil-
ian embassies abroad, and promi-
nent personalities made state-
ments. Particularly, the statement
of the late Robert F. Kennedy to
the Brazilian Embassy in Wash-
ington helped to have Stangl ex-
tradited.
Austria, Germany and Poland
also asked for the extradition,
though Poland had refused to co-
operate with us. Back in 1964, we
had asked the Polish government
for documents which would prove
Stangi's guilt after having informed
the authorities that we had found
his traces. But the Polish govern-
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' ment declared that they had no
material about Stangl, which later
proved to be a blunt lie.
Three months later, Stangl was
extradited upon the decision of the
Brazilian Supreme Court under
two conditions: that he must not
be sentenced to imprisonment for
life because in Brazil there is no
lifelong imprisonment, and that,
after having served his sentence in
Germany, he had to be extradited
to Austria to be tried for the Har-
theim murders.
Therefore, Stangl will probably
be pardoned to a limited punish-
ment—to 20 years—in Germany.
Since Stangl now is 62 years old,
we assume that his later trial in
Austria will never take place.
Experts of the domestic situation
in Austria will confirm that the
former Nazis in Austria — their
number is still estimated at about
400,000 persons—play an important
part in election times. Only a part
of these Nazis belong to political
parties; most of them change par-
ties in each election. After the
discovery of the SS past of one of
the ministers, Chancellor Bruno
Kreisky, of Jewish origin himself,
made statements in favor of the
Nazis and took them under his
protection. The controversy be-
tween the Socialist Party and the
Documentation Center was inevita-
ble, because the Socialists had a
political interest in showing the
Nazis that their party not only
had the power to protect them but
made it possible for them to hold
highest positions.
At the Socialist Party conference
in June 1970, there were unusually
heavy attacks against the Docu-
mentation Center and me, which
roused great attention not only in
Austria but in the whole world. I
brought action for slander against
the, chancellor and against the
minister of education; both cases
were dismissed because of the
immunity of these politicians.
To ward off this attack was very
time-consuming, and little time
was left to our proper activities,
which have been discredited in the
eyes of the Austrian public. It is
significant that all trials against
Nazi criminals which took place
after the attacks against us result-
ed in acquittals, although all per-
sons were tried for murder of
defenseless people.
In a letter to the minister of
justice, we demanded that decis-
gation of serious crimes has not
been concluded up to now. Pre-
liminary proceedings against 873
persons are on the way, but only
one of these persons is under
arrest.
In connection with Aktion Rein-
hard, the murder of 1,700,000 Jews
in Sobibor, Treblinka and Belzec,
65 persons were located in Austria.
Preliminary -proceedings have
been under way for eight years.
Material has been gathered, but
nobody has been arrested. Forty-
two persons who belonged to the
Auschwitz camp staff could be
identified in Austria. The prelimi-
nary proceedings against some of
these persons have been under
way since 1960, but nobody is
under arrest. Preliminary pro-
ceedings for murder have been
under way for seven years against
hundreds of einsatztruppen, ein-
satzkommandos and polizeibatail-
Ions. Several of them are still in
active police service. The prelimi-
nary proceedings against 46 per-
sons for the murder of 15,000 Vien-
nese Jews in Minsk has been under
way since 1962.
We placed documentary material
at the disposal of several jour-
nalists on anti-Semitic develop-
ments in the Eastern countries.
We consider the rejection of anti-
Semitism an integral part of our
activities because anti-Semitism
in the East is aimed at the Jewish
people who survived the extermi-
nation machinery of the Nazis. In
connection with the verdict in the
Leningrad trial, we sent cables to
Soviet Premier Kosygin and the
By SIMON WIESENTHAL
from
(Copyright 1971, JTA, Inc.)
Austrian government. As a result
of our request, the Austrian Min-
istry for Foreign Affairs inter-
vened with the Soviet Embassy in
favor of the condemned persons.
We thank our friends for their
financial and moral support in
1970. We hope to continue our work
with their help.
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