Viet Nam, Dominican Republic and Yemen:
All State Dept. Puzzles Involving Aggression
BY MILTON FRIEDMAN
(Copyright, 1965, JTA, inc.)
"Is the water muddier there?"
and they are still trying to figure
asked Mr. Passman.
it out . . . and if they have been
unable to figure it out since 1918,
Secretary Rusk interrupted
Mr. Bell and Mr. Passman will
to explain that Nasser "made
that statement on the basis of a
never be able to figure it out this
report that our attitude on aid
afternoon."
Having reached a point of
was becoming difficult."
exasperation, the chairman posed
Therefore, since the State De-
a pointed query. "Egypt is not culties in persuading Nasser to
necessarily supporting the U. S.
accept $37,000,000 new aid and
policy in Yemen, is it?"
other assistance forthcoming the
Bell answered with a clear
witnesses urged prompt Congres-
and unequivocal "no."
sional approval of appropriations
Passman breathed a sigh of for Egypt.
relief and said, "that is fine !"
But some congressmen have
Another point the chairman been so difficult as to object that
wanted to make certain in con- Nasser has shipped off his rice
sidering new aid to Nasser
crop to Communist. China, possibly
was whether he was the same
to feed the . Viet Cong forces.
gentleman who told the Ameri-
They are upset that American
cans to go "drown in the Medi- wheat is being given to Egypt
terranean."
to replace the rice.
William S. Gaud, deputy aid
There is a danger that Congress
administrator, explained that it
might complicate things by insist-
was actually in "the Red Sea"
ing on a little more logic in the
definition of aggression and on
where we should drown our-
selves, according to Nasser's ad- such matters as ascertaining which
sea we are supposed to jump into.
vice.
WASHINGTON — American in-
volvement in Viet Nam and the
Dominican Republic makes it more
difficult to define aggression in
the Near East.
State Department officials have
woven such a tangled web to
justify U. S. Military actions that
Congress recently learned from
diplomats that Egypt's interven-
tion in Yemen is now somehow less
objectionable, less aggressive, and
less possible to legally define.
Seeking to equate the American
role in Santo Domingo with the
Egyptian presence in Yemen, the
diplomats have confused the is-
sues. It had been assumed that
there were differences. The Egyp-
tian troops are in Yemen with
-
Sino-Soviet support. American
- / troops are in the Dominican Re-
public to prevent Communism, ac-
cording to President Johnson. And
U. S. forces are in Viet Nam for
different objectives than President
Nasser's troops are seeking in Ye-
men.
Congress must ascertain
whether the State Department
has made a finding of aggression
in Nasser's case. The foreign
The Schneider, outgoing chairman of
JOHANNESBURG (JTA)
aid bill contains an anti-aggres-
sion clause that asks the Presi- South African Jewish Board of the board, was elected president,
dent to withhold aid from na- Deputies closed its biennial con- succeeding Naomi Phillips, who
gress here Tuesday with a de- was named national chairman of
tions guilty of aggression.
Recently, David Bell, adminis- cision to expand its services par- the United Communal Fund.
trator of the U. S. Agency for In- titularly in the fields of public
ternational Development, appear- relations aimed at promoting good Histadrut Reports Rise of
ed before the House Appropria- will between Jews and non Jews in
. in Campaign
tions Subcommittee on Foreign this country and in expanding its $1,000,000
NEW YORK (JTA)—Cash con-
Jewish
culture
and
youth
programs.
Operations. Chairman Otto Pass-
A bitter controversy between tributions to the Israel Histadrut
man, of Louisiana, asked Bell Orthodox and Reform factions Campaign as of June 1 were more
if the Egyptians "ever used their
military forces for aggressive pur- which had plagued the South Afri- than $1,000,000 ahead of the
can Jewish community for years amount received by the same time
poses since we have had an aid
was
formerly ended with the an- last year, it was reported by Dr.
program there."
Bell replied: "it depends how nouncement at the biennual con- Sol Stein, executive director, at
gress of an agreement between a meeting of the campaign's ad-
you describe their action in Ye-
committee.
men." The chairman promptly Rabbi Bernard Casper, Orthodox ministrative
The increase included $446,000
chief
rabbi,
and
Reform
Chief
Rab-
asked how Bell, as aid administra-
bi Arthur S. Super, to cooperate more in the regular campaign and
tor, would describe it.
more than $600,000 from the Amer-
A polished diplomat, Bell said ' in the secular field.
While recognizing the irrecon- ican Histadrut Development Foun-
"the way I believe the secretary
of state would describe it is a cilable theological differences be- dation.
Dr. Stein also reported that dur-
situation where the Egyptians sent tween the two groups, the agree-
ment
provides
for
cooperation
in
ing
this fiscal year, which began
forces in Yemen in support of one
side in an internal dispute and we secular affairs and in the minis- Oct. 1, the Foundation had re-
do not consider that as - aggres- tration by chaplains to Jewish ceived $1,012,000 in new commit-
servicemen. ments, bringing the five-year total
sion."
Among the resolutions adopted up to the $6,242,000 mark.
Chairman Passman then asked:
Dr. Stein urged the Jewish com-
"Are we playing with a coin with by the board was on reaffirming
the loyalty of the Jewish commun- munities and Histadrut committee.
a head on each side?"
Bell grew more frank. He ity to South Africa and expressing to keep up their pace until the
the hope that the republic would total cash goal of $5,000,000 is
explained that "I am careful
continue its progress to benefit all reached by Sept. 30.
about the use of the word 'ag-
The administrative committee
its people. The board also re-
gression' because the United
affirmed the community's cultur- also tendered a farewell reception
States has put troops in a coun-
try in support of one side in an al and religious ties with Israel to Ben-Zion Han. Histadrut emis-
and pledged all possible assistance sary who has completed a 21/2.-year
internal dispute and we do not
to the humanitarian work of im- tour of duty in the Western Hemi-
consider that as aggression."
sphere.
It was recalled that Secretary migrant settlement in Israel.
The board also called upon the
of State Rusk told the committee
Be bold as a leopard, light as an
that "we have been trying since South African government to ban
eagle, swift as a roe, and strong as
1918 to ascertain what aggression the entry of Nazis into this coun-
a lion, to do the will of thy Father
is and we have not been able to try in the same wuy that Commu-
nists are barred. Dr. Teddy who is in heaven. —the Talmud
pin it down yet."
Mr. Passman sadly observed
that "they started in 1918 trying
to figure out what is aggression
BY HENRY LEONARD
South Africa Jews End Its Congress
on a Note of Orthodox-Reform Unity
'Events That Shaped History' in Brochure
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derstanding among people of all
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