Immigrants

Levi Eshkol Out of Hosp ital After Eye Surgery

to Build a Nation

By CHARLOTTE HYAMS
The job figures that attest to
Israel's booming economy are face-
less numbers after all. To Yaacov
Elaza, the numbers are men—
with faces—in search of work.
Elazar, whose brother Albert is
United Hebrew Schools superin-
tendent here, has been affiliated
with Israel's government employ-
ment agency for 20 years. In those
two decades, the 52-year-old sabra
(native) has seen wave on wave
of immigrants alter the character
of his homeland. When they came,
and whence they came, has meant
profound political, economic and
social changes. And Elazar sees it
at the elementary level: in the
employment line.
On this, his first trip to the
United States (he wants to see the
largest Jewish community in the
world face to face—"bayn arbah
aynayim," or "between four eyes"),
Elazar would find a joblessness
unknown to Israel. Where he
comes from, there is a great need
for both skilled and unskilled

blood for Israel, they felt they
had a right to good jobs," Elazar
said. "They didn't know Hebrew,
they had no money, no educa-
tion." Their Orthodox fathers
also came, for their daily pray-
ers had been answered by the
establishment of a Jewish state.
"They are - a proud people,"
Elazar added. 'They didn't want
menial jobs in the settlements, so
they fled to the big cities, and
settled in slum areas on the out-
skirts."
Israel needs the intellectuals of
Western lands, and she's willing
to put herself out to make them
welcome. Fifteen- to 20,000 Polish
immigrants, doctors and engineers
among them, were offered jobs
wherever they desired and nice
homes for their families. They
were "encouraged" to settle in the
Negev, and, for their pains, were
given good pay, excellent facilities.
The common immigrants from
Moiocco looked about them and
waxed indignant: "I have more
children than he has, but he gets
a bigger house!" The protests were
workers.
loud.
'
But it is not a milk-and-honey
"They didn't see that we had to
situation. The younger genera-
do this, Elazar said. They didn't
tion wants white-collar jobs, not
notice •that the Kurds, like the
manual labor. The older genera-
Moroccans, could not read or write
tion is not readily hired by em-
when they came, yet they made
sty young blood.
ployers seenki
successes of their lives. The Kurds
There is a nee for seamen, but
are our finest contractors."
it is not ,considered a career by
Such complaints are dying
the youthful adventurers who
down, for Israel has work for
sign on for a few years. For
anyone
who wants it. The gov-
every 700 inhabitants in Tel
ernment and Histadrut, labor
Aviv, there is one doctor; and
federation, have set up a scholar-
the ratio in the Negev is 5,000
ship fund for the young trainee
to one. The Jewish intellectuals
in construction and road build-
of Europe are encouraged—fi-
ing.
nancially—to settle; but the new
Arabs, too, have the chance to
aliyah of Moroccan Jews cries
improve their lot. Elazar insists
"Favoritism!"
Still, if the experience of the there is no discrimination in his
past is any indication, the lumps office, and he's seen the Arabs'
will be smoothed out. Elazar re- standard of living soar under li-
calls the aliyah of 1949, when Jews beral goveKnment provisions.
He's not deceiving himself
from the Nazi camps settled in
Tel Aviv and Haifa, when these either. "If the Arab thought he
crippled souls were given green could get a better job in an Arab
thumb therapy—planting trees for country, he'd leave Israel."
The government stops short -of
the Jewish National Fund.
It was an inexpensive type of "100 per cent trust in the Arab
employment; yet 99 per cent of citizen — especially among the
these displaced persons have found younger ones." There is a constant
their place in Israel. Now it costs barrage of radio and television
the government 30- to 50,000 Is- pr o p a g a n d a from neighboring
raeli pounds (at least $10,000) to lands, and "the Arab sometimes
absorb one man in factory work, looks to Nasser as a savior be-
cause he is convinced that Israel
according to Elazar.
After the Europeans, came the can't survive. We must convince
Ye m en i t e s, on the wings of him it can."
Elazar, who is married and the
eagles." An entire community was
allowed to fly into the 20th Cen- father of four, is keeping to his
tury. They were absorbed easily intention of making this trip for
in the settlements of Israel, just "pleasure only," but he wants
as the Bulgarian Jews found work to tell the American Jewish
in the big cities and lower-class community of the need to support
Turkish Jews (30,000 of them) be- young Orthodox rabbis in Israel.
came peddlers and laborers A friend of his, Rabbi Eliyahu
Pardes of Prop#et St., Jerusalem,
throughout the country.
is establishing a "room and board
One of Israel's biggest prob-
scholarship fund."
lems in absorption was the rer
(Elazar sees a trend in Israel
suit of another big problem: the
toward "modern Orthodoxy," but
war of independence. Thousands
firSt "we must encourage young
of young Moroccans came to
men with fresh ideas to go into
fight and, after the war, decided
the rabbinical field.")
to _stay on. "After giving their

I ! WHY WORRY ! !

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The Jewish Community Council's
first delegate assembly of the new

year will take place 8:30 p.m. Oct.
26 at the Jewish Center, it was

announced by Council President
Sidney M. Shevitz. Delegates, pres-
idents and officers of Council-af-
filiated organizations are invited.
On the program are a review
of current Council activities and
discussion of the Second Vatican
Council and its effect on Christ-
ian-Jewish relations.
A social hour with refreshments
will follow. Hostesses are from the

TEL AVIV (JTA)—Prime Min- terns.
ister Levi E 1kol, who recently
One of Eshkol's first acts after
underwent s gery for a cataract his discharge was the dictating of
at a hospital here, was discharged a message of condolence to the
Tuesday and was reported by his widow of the late James G. Mc-
physicians to be "feeling better" Donald, first American envoy to
and to be able to use his affected Israel, who died last weekend.
eye under limitations:
He was ordered by his medical
advisers to take more rest and to
cut down on reading and writing
for the time being. However, he
was able to confer with his aides
concerning governmental prob-
REMEMBER . . .

Montefiore Lodge, Free Sons of
Israel, under the chairmanship of
Mrs. Horace J. Haber.

He who guards the fig tree shall
eat its fruit.—Proverbs 27.

PLANNING
A WEDDING?
A BAR MITZVAH?

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PEC Leaders Confer
With Israel Officials

A group of prominent U.S. busi-
nessmen are meeting with Israel

government and business leaders in
a series of conferences, to continue
through Oct. 11, to discuss current
and projected private American in-
vestment projects in Israel's indus-
try, trade, service industries and
real estate. The group represents
the executive committee of the $20
million PEC Israel Economic corp-
oration, New York, which is owned
by some 12,000 stockholders
throughout the U.S.
Headed by Joseph Meyerhoff,
PEC'S board chairman, and Col.
John Furman, PEC president, the
irOup will meet with Israel's presi-
dent, Zalman Shazar, Prime Minis-
ter Levi Eshkol, members of the
cabinet, high-ranking government
officials, bankers, industrialists and
businessmen to determine PEC's
continued participation in major
development projects.

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Friday, October 2, 1964-23

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