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September 20, 1963 - Image 8

Resource type:
Text
Publication:
The Detroit Jewish News, 1963-09-20

Disclaimer: Computer generated plain text may have errors. Read more about this.

Justice Douglas Views Lincoln
Tradition as 'The Democratic
Ideal to Countless Millions'

Search for Ancient Ashdod, Town of the Philistines

By HANNAH PETOR

Not far from the new, teem-
ing Israeli town of Ashod,
archaeologists are busy exca-
U. S. Supreme Court Justice rica especially he has become vating an ancient "tell" which
William 0. Douglas shows in the champion of every black once carried the mighty city of
his impressively documented still denied first-class citizen- Ashdod. It is of high antiquity

book, "Mr. Lincoln and the
Negroes — The Long Road to
Equality,"
published b y
Atheneum
(162 E. 38th
NY16), th a t•
"from the seed.
beds of Lin-
coln's philos-
ophy" has
gr own "the.
modern i d e as
of equality."
This is a
magnificent
book, especial-
ly timely in
this era of the
Negro's re-
newed strug-
gle for justice.
His book Justice Douglas
shows how the ideal of "a new
nation . . . dedicated to the
proposition that all men are
created equal," has taken root.
Supplementing his thesis with
documents that include Sup-
reme Court decisions, President
Kennedy's February 1963 ad-
dress to Congress, the Emanci-
pation Proclamation, Lincoln's
Second Inaugural and Gettys-
burg addresses and the relevant
Amendments, Mr. Justice Doug-
las develops his theme to show
the progress that has been made
and the new approaches to the
principles of justice and equal-
ity, at the same time indicating
the retention of prejudices by
those holding opposite views.

"While the frame of refer-
ence of the struggle for
`equality' is different from
what it was in Lincoln's day,
the opposed views have not
greatly changed," he declares.
"The idea of emancipation has
acquired, however, new and
different meanings as the
years have passed. Today
around the world emancipa-
tion has become synonymous
with social and political equal-
ity. And though politicians
declare that all men are
equal and though it is an ar-
ticle of faith in America,
England, France, India, Israel,
and a few other nations, the
idea persists in most nations
that somehow or other some
men are more equal than
others."

The new Douglas book shows
how Lincoln has become en-
shrined in the hearts of the
underprivileged, representing
"the democratic ideal to un-
counted millions," that "in Af-

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ship and equal justice under
law."
Pointing to the continued
existence of prejudice in many
lands, the Supreme Court Jus-
tice states:
"In Communist countries,
class lines are strictly drawn.
The preferred class is made up
of party members . In Russia
the identification papers of a
Jew are stamped `Jew'; and it
is a crime to teach the Hebrew
language.
"Some Moslem nations rele-
gate Hindus and Jews to second-
class citizenship .. .
"Hitler's idea of the master
race -is the foundation of apar-
theid in South Africa; and the
fanatical Negroes who sponsor
the Muslim League in America
make the same claim to Black
Supremacy. The Armenian, the
Jew, the Greek, the Chinese is
often despised by those who do
not have the same acquisitive
nature or ability . . ."

While " indicating how dis-
crimination persists, Mr. Jus-
tice Douglas shows how races
are brought together or in
time blend, but in many
areas some aborigines have
been exterminated. Yet, he
declares, "Lincoln's rejection
of 'malice' and his embrace
of 'charity' have a potent in-
fluence in the world even a
century after his death." .

There is an interesting refer-
ence in the Douglas book to
the attitude during the Civil
War period of Judah P. Benja-
min . . . He writes:
"In 1864 there was talk in
the South about putting slaves
in the Army. Judah P. Benja-
min, Secretary of State of the
Confederacy, said, 'Let us say
to every Negro who wishes to
go into the ranks on the con-
dition of being made free: "Go
and fight and you are free." '
General Lee •on Jan. 11, 1865,
announced in favor of it . . .
When the President (Lincoln)
heard that the Confederacy was
attempting to persuade Negro
slaves to join the armies of the
South, he said: . . If he shall
now really fight to keep himself
a slave, it _will be a far better
argument why (he) should re-
main a slave than I have ever
before heard."
Mr. Justice Douglas' analyses
are remarkable addenda to cur-
rent discussions on the civil
rights issue. The documents in
the book read as timely declara-
tions. For example, the decision
of Mr. Justice Holmes on "the
right to vote" is exceedingly
valuable. "Mr. Lincoln and the
Negroes" is a very significant
book for our day.

4 Ways to Be a Jew

By ISRAEL GOLDSTEIN

Being a Jew in the broadest
-definition means first, the ac-
cident of birth; secondly, thee
act of choice, choosing to remain
Jewish despite the difficulties;
thirdly, the act of cognition,
learning to know the history
and literature of his people so
as to understand its soul and
appreciate its place in the world;
and finally, the act of transmis-
sion, transmitting to the next
generation his heritage and the
will to carry it on so that the
Jewish people may not perish
from the earth.

Schayes
Moves Up

By HAROLD U. RIBALOW

Jewish Telegraphic Agency, Inc.)

What happens to great stars
when their playing days come
to an end? Some go into the
restaurant business to capital-
ize on their names and reputa-
tions. Others become insurance
agents or stock brokers for the
same reason. Only a compara-
tive handful remain in the
sport which made them famous,
and of those few, even fewer
become coaches or managers.
Now, Dolph Schayes, one of
the greatest of all basketball
players, has managed to remain
in basketball as a coach, and
this is a feat of sorts. I say "of
sorts" because professional bas-
ketball coaches get bounced al-
most as frequently as the bas-
ketball itself gets bounced.
Still, it is a move upwards, and
Dolph should line up for con-
gratulations.
As you probably know, the
Syracuse Nationals have moved
to Philadelphia, to take up the
slack of the old Philadelphia
Warriors, who went to the West
Coast. The city of Syracuse,
really not very large, was no
longer big enough for the Nats,
and a group headed by Isaac
Richman and Iry Kosloff
brought the Nats to Philadel-
phia, starting this next season.
The team hasn't got a name
yet, but it has the Syracuse
roster of players, who had
been coached by Alex Hannum.
Then Hannum decided that he
didn't want to move to Phila-
delphia, - and gave up the job.
So that left Dolph Schayes,
who had been the best Nat
player since the establishment
of the club. Dolph was now 35
years of •age, a great favorite
all over the circuit, and why
not give him a whirl at coach-
ing? So he has the job, and
he has retired from active play
—although pro basketball being
what it is, Schayes may get
back into the game if his club
slips badly.
But now that his career is
officially behind him, Schayes
can take satisfaction in - his
many achievements. Remember,
he came to the Nats as a tall
(6'8) N.Y.U. star, but as a
fellow labelled as clumsy and
not quite good enough for the
play-for-pay ranks. But he de-
veloped into a smooth all-
round player, one of the finest
in the rough game. He ended
his career by playing in more
league games than any one in
history (1,035) and scoring
more points than any other
player in the professional sports
(19,115). He also holds the
record for free throws (8,216)
and was acknowledged to be
a deadly foul shooter. A rugged
man, Dolph also established a
new record for playing the
greatest number of consecutive
games in the National Basket-
ball Association, '765 between
Feb. 17,. 1952, and Dec. 26, 1961.
Schayes was not a natural
star. He worked hard, improved
_himself and hustled every mo-
ment of every game. If he
brings these qualities to coach-
ing, he will have a good club
indeed. He was the greatest
Jewish pro star in the game.

and existed long before the mounted by Persian and Hel-
Bible mentioned it as one of lenistic buildings. Here was

the five key towns of the Phil- found last year a place of wor-
istines against whom the king- ship of the Judaean period,
dom of Judaea was constantly which this season yielded clay
warring. In the spade work car- figurines of animals and human
ried out by the Israeli Depart- beings, among them the image
ment of Antiquities scientists of a harpist.
from the Theological Seminary
Very important finds made
and the Carnegie Museum of some weeks ago, consist of the
Pittsburgh, U.S.A., are partici- fragments- of a rectangular stele
pating.
or pillar of black basalt stone
Ashdod, lying on the ancient carrying inscriptions in cunei-
Via Maris linking Egypt with form characters.
the countries of Mesopotamia,
As far as can be ascertained,
flourished as an important trade the eight lines represent a royal
center during the reign of King decree by Sargon II, King of
Solomon. As the Second Book Assyria (721-705 BCE) following
of Chronicles (26-6) tells us, it the rising against the Assyrian
was conquered and destroyed _regime, as mentioned in the
by King Uziah. Eventually it Book of Isaiah (20:1). Two more
was rebuilt and continued to fragments mention Humanigash,
lead a relatively independent King of Elam, against whom
existence, later joining Egypt Sargon II warred in 720 BCE,
in a revolt against the Assyrian as well as a number of other
King Sargon. This king, in 712 countries conquered by him.
BCE, destroyed the town in a
In the ruins of the acropolis
reprisal raid. Soon, however, it there came to light an ostracon
was able to rise again to its bearing two lines in Hebrew
independent existence, remain- script, the form of the letters
ing at all times hostile to the and the quality of the sherd
Judaean kingdom. In the period pointing to the 5 4th century
of the Return to Zion it partici- BCE, a period corresponding to

-

pated in an attack on Jerusa- that of Nehemia. In the same
lem. Later again, in the Hero- area a 10 gr. stone weight,
dian, Roman and Byzantine similar to those found in other
periods, Ashdod remained a excavations, was discovered. It
prosperous trade center, boast- bears the ancient Hebrew let-
ing of a mixed population of tering "nzf."

many Near Eastern races.
Last year's excavations al-
ready revealed many strata of
civilization ranging from the
late Bronze age to the Byzan-
tine period. This year's spade
work concentrated on the Phil-
istine layer and the research
into the Philistine culture of
which relatively little is known
so far.
The three undermost strata
comprise the Canaanite period
—the time of the 6-16th centu-
ries BCE, from which court-
yards, ruins of brick construc-
tions and baking ovens were
brought to light.
From the late Philistine per-
iod (early 11th century BCE)
was found the ruins of a citadel
built of sun-dried bricks, which
survived many civilizations and
vicissitudes, till it was sur-

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