NM MI MI III NMI
The Controversial Kol Nitire
Season's Greetings
I ROSS FURNITURE'
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14366 Gratiot
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YE 9-7070
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ass roe NE
ow or
Best Wishes for a
Happy New Year
Nathan Rubin, Inc.
2426 Scotten
TA 5-0275
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Best Wishes to All
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• On the New Year
: Shapiro Brothers
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:
•,..Hamtramck's Leading Shoe Store•
wFlorsheinfs for Men and Women.
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9253 JOSEPH CAMPAU •
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TR 5-1659
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I Mr. and Mrs. Paul I
1
Silver and Family j
19777 Rutherford
send best wishes to their I
i Relatives and Friends for i
a Happy New Year
!
i
Greetings for the New Year
J. SIMON & SONS
'
Electrical Contractors
Wiring and Fixtures -
17190 Wyoming UN 4-0303
New Year Greeting
SPECIFICATIONS
SERVICE CO.
14877 WYOMING
WE 3-9070
HAPPY HOLIDAY
STACK'S
Sinclair Service
Gas - Oil - Tires - Batteries
Frank Stack, Prop.
8335 St. Aubin
Happy New Year to
Our Friends and Patrons
SAM REITER
DECORATOR
17312 Altavista
By JACOB L.
For most Jews the plaintive
strains of the Kol Nidre probably
remain with them as the strong-
est impression of the holiday
prayers.
It is strange, therefore, that a
prayer which has become practi-
cally the theme of the Yom Kip-
pur service should have been
plagued throughout its history by
controversy, doubt and attempts
to alter it and even eliminate it.
The Kol Nidre is recited by
the cantor on the eve of the
Day of Atonement, just before
sunset, three times, in Aramaic.
It lists the various types of
vows and obligations "whereby
we may be bound, from this
Day of Atonement until the
next . . . we do repent." The
prayer then declares that such
oaths "be deemed absolved,
forgiven, annulled and void."
Although the author of the Kol
Nidre or the date of its author-
ship are both unknown, it is
known to have existed by the
eighth century C.E. during the
period of the Gaonim, when the
advisability of reciting the prayer
was already a subject of dispute
among rabbinic authorities. The
author of the Kol Nidre recog-
nized that, for a variety of rea-
sons, Jews were addicted to mak-
ing vows which might after
be forgotten or uni
ally
violated. A formu
as devised
whereby such
could be re-
tracted on
eve of the Day of
Atoneme
The
ol Nidre formula was
base
I the rabbinic rite of abso-
lu
from vows which min' be
ormed before a r
or before thre
orms of absoluti
refer only to tho whic
assumed volunt ly for imse
alone and in w h no er per-
son was involv . The ol Nidre
therefore,,was t intended to
solve anyone from an oat
concerned another
or in-
terest.
nee of this fact,
erate distortion of the
purpose of the prayer by ene-
mies of the Jews, which served
as a source of trouble, giving
anti-Semites an opportunity to
cast suspicion on the -trust-
worthiness of an oath taken by
a Jew. As a result of miscon-
ceptions about the prayer, many
magistrates in medieval Europe
devised special forms of oaths
to be administered to Jewg.
Even before the Kol Nidre
served as a pretext for anti-
Semitic slander, the Karaites at-
tacked the rabbinic authorities
over the use of the prayer. It
prompted the Gaonim to mini-
mize the power of dispensation
from oaths. Not only , was the
prayer in disfavor among Gaonim,
but even the study of Nedarim,
the Talmudic tractate dealing
with oaths, was banned from both
Babylonian academies—Sura and
Pumpeditha—some time during
the eighth century C.E.
In banning the study of oaths,
356-6522
Southfield
New Year Greetings
HOLIDAY GREETINGS
Great Lakes
Iron & Metal Co.
O'BRIEN'S
PRESCRIPTIONS
270 HALTINER
River Rouge
VI 2-1746
Your Family Drug Store
20655 W. 7 Mile at Braile
KE 2-2410
We Deliver
New Year Greetings
GREETINGS
STAN & STAN
Sales and Service
OLD WARSAW
BAKERY
[—
4820 Michigan
h MI MI ME MI
II3
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Standard
1
Asbestos Mfg. Co.
• DAVID BURKE, Mgr.
I
820 Baltimore Ave.
TR 5-1780
AI Ell INN MI MN
Ell NMI
-
GENERAL
STORES CO.
5831 West Vernor
13 I 30 Plymouth
WE 3-0209
VI 2 8902
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• • Holiday Greetings • • •
• •
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• • BEUAH
L
STARR • •
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908 Mutual Bldg,
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WO 2-2789
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rst
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to
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Best Wishes for
a Happy New Year
CI
Happy Holiday
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Holiday Greetings
1
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TEDRICK
1
I PHOTO SERVICE
i
Photo Finishing — Supplies
CAMERAS — FILMS
Walter Tedrick
18482 Grand River
1 ,
1
New Year Greetings
GLOBE AGENCY,
Inc.
Mr. Sam Zack, Pres.
20030 JAMES COUZENS
BR 3-8616
VE 8-5250
1
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Holiday Greetings
Best Wishes for a Happy
New Year to
Our Relatives and Friends
TWIN BEES
HEAT! NG SERVICE
Mr. and Mrs..-
SAM GOLD
Stewart Warner, diStributor
Luxaire - FloCo - Lenox
Licensed — 24 hour service
Gas and Oil Units Installed
'THE DECORATOR"
17534 Prairie
UN 2-2634
26977 Grand River KE 1-5709
■ •• ■ •••=vvY....w...--
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New Year Greetings
WALKER
Best Wishes for
A Happy New Year
Morris and Celia
GOLDSMITH
PRINTERY
of 18708 Washburn
Detroit 21, Mich.
9210 Holmur TY 7-2652
■••■..0.0%■••■■••■■••■,,
Sincere Good Wishes
Best Wishes for
A Happy New Year
GRAND AUTO
REPLACEMENT
PARTS, INC.
Mr. and Mrs.
ALEC WALTERS
3300 Grand River
i;;Harry E. Citrin - Harley J. Citrin:::
. TE 1-5353
903 Charlevoix
Season's Greetings
New Year Greetings
Grand Riviera
Barber and
Beauty Shop
Warren
Iron & Metal Co.
5120 JOY ROAD
WE 3-6149
12455 Greenfield
Holiday Greetings
New Year Greetings
Warren Plumbing
Supply Co.
GEORGE W. GRAY
INSURANCE
Wholesale Plumbing and
Heating Supplies
12670 EVERGREEN
BR 3-3 I 00
17616 Wyoming UN 3-2900
'Q....9_52–Q–UULLSULSUULWASALA
Holiday Greetings
Holiday Greetings
Welding Engineers
GUEST GRILL
General Welding
TY 5-3637 •
4489
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14th at Grand River
Holiday Greetings
HOLIDAY GREETINGS
WOLFLEY
AUTO SERVICE
MR. & MRS.
JACK GREGOR JR.
FAMOUS VITA BOY
POTATO CH 1 PS
2520 Michigan at 17th
TA 5-9805
Free Delivery
Potato Chips - Pretzels
5111 Fourteenth Ty 7-5550
23057 Coolidge LI 7-3900 i
PARADISO CAFE
Specializing in Steak Dinners
Businessmen's Lunches
American - Italian Food
17630 WOODWARD
TO 9-3988
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GREETINGS
ROHR SALES CO.
_
Vending Machines and Supplies
{ 1 9854 12th St. TO 8-9566
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Mr. and Mrs.
TED GLASS
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New Year Greetings
I F
TA 5 7725
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HEATING - COOLING
Residential and Commercial
ish r
!
Holiday Good Cheer
Standard Heating &
Sheet Metal Co.
Oak Manor
1 Meat & Poultry
Famous
Rye and Pumpernickle Bread
We Specialize in Pastries
We Take Orders for
All Occasions
12340 Conant TR 2-9474
10241 Conant TR 2-2660
CHERNOFSKY
Yehudai Gaon, who headed the
Sura academy in the eighth cen-
tury, noted that it was customary
"in other lands" to recite the Kol
Nidre but said it was not to be
done in Babylonia "neither on
Rosh Hashanah nor on Yom Kip-
pur."
A century later Natronai Gaon
also noted that it was not cus-
tomary to recite the Kol Nidre
in Babylonia "as is clone else-
where." ,.kmram Gaon calls the
custom of reciting the Kol Nidre
"a foolish one."
While the custom of the Ga-
onim of not reciting the Kol
Nidre was adhered to by many
Sephardic communities and per-
sisted in the Algerian ritual,
most of the Jewish world final-
ly adopted the prayer as part
of the Atonement eve service.
An important change in the
wording of the Kol Nidre was
introduced in the 12th century
by Meir ben Samuel, a contempo-
rary of Rashi, the leading com-
mentator on the Bible and Tal-
mud. The prayer had originally
mentioned vows assumed "from
the last Day of Atonement to the
present." Meir ben Samuel chang-
ed the wording to provide for
I future vows "from this Day of
Atonement to the next." He based
ange on
rocedure
mention-
e Talm c trac-
tate N
that "he ho de-
sire- at no of his vo made
during the year shall be lid, let
him stand at the begi ing of
the year and declare ' ry vow
'which I may make in e future
I shall be nu
Meir
version of
e K
ally accept-
in
rthern French
nd Po
s, While the Span-
ish and P
ncal rituals adhered
to th
text.
after the textual changes
been made, some religious
authorities objected to the prayer.
Judah ben Barzilai, a Spanish
author of the 12th century, at-
tacked the custom of reciting the
Kol Nidre as "misleading" since,
he declared, ignorant persons be-
lieved that all their vows were
annulled through the formula and
therefore took on such obligations
carelessly.
Two centuries later, Jeroham
ben Meshulam of Provence at-
tacked "those fools" who, trust-
ing to the Kol Nidre, made vows
recklessly. Other opponents of
the Kol Nidre included Judah
Hadassi, 12th century Karaite,
of Constantinople, and Rabbi
Isaac ben Sheshet of Saragossa
who lived in the 15th century.
In the 19th century, conclaves
of Reform rabbis both in Ger-
many and in the United States
sought to abolish the Kol Nidre.
A rabbinical conference held in
Bruswick in 1844 called on all
members to secure the speedy
abolition of the prayer. In this
country, when Reform congrega-
tions abolished the prayer, the
traditional melody was retained
with a Hebrew psalm substituted
for the old text.
So strong was the force of tra-
dition with regard to the prayer,
however, that in spite of vigorous
objection to the text which per-
sisted down through the ages,
m o s t Jewish congregations
throughout the world still begin
the Atonement service with the
Kol Nidre.
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Happy New Year to Our
Friends and Patrons
M
Holiday Greetings
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GREETINGS
I
Young Realty Co.,
Inc.
I
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WILLIAM EL YOUNG
18332 Van Dyke
TW 1-1662
— - —
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HOLIDAY GREETINGS
HAIR DESIGN
STUDIO
Individual Hair Shaping
Permanents
10615 W. 7 Mile at Pinehurst
UN 4-3004
Toni Hatch, Style Director
1961 '8 JaqinaldoS
MII
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