NM MI MI III NMI The Controversial Kol Nitire Season's Greetings I ROSS FURNITURE' I I 14366 Gratiot I I YE 9-7070 I rami Ng ass roe NE ow or Best Wishes for a Happy New Year Nathan Rubin, Inc. 2426 Scotten TA 5-0275 •••••••••••••••••• • • Best Wishes to All • • • • On the New Year : Shapiro Brothers • • • • : •,..Hamtramck's Leading Shoe Store• wFlorsheinfs for Men and Women. • • • • • 9253 JOSEPH CAMPAU • • TR 5-1659 • 6••••••••••••••••••••• r ............................_...,,,....,......„ I Mr. and Mrs. Paul I 1 Silver and Family j 19777 Rutherford send best wishes to their I i Relatives and Friends for i a Happy New Year ! i Greetings for the New Year J. SIMON & SONS ' Electrical Contractors Wiring and Fixtures - 17190 Wyoming UN 4-0303 New Year Greeting SPECIFICATIONS SERVICE CO. 14877 WYOMING WE 3-9070 HAPPY HOLIDAY STACK'S Sinclair Service Gas - Oil - Tires - Batteries Frank Stack, Prop. 8335 St. Aubin Happy New Year to Our Friends and Patrons SAM REITER DECORATOR 17312 Altavista By JACOB L. For most Jews the plaintive strains of the Kol Nidre probably remain with them as the strong- est impression of the holiday prayers. It is strange, therefore, that a prayer which has become practi- cally the theme of the Yom Kip- pur service should have been plagued throughout its history by controversy, doubt and attempts to alter it and even eliminate it. The Kol Nidre is recited by the cantor on the eve of the Day of Atonement, just before sunset, three times, in Aramaic. It lists the various types of vows and obligations "whereby we may be bound, from this Day of Atonement until the next . . . we do repent." The prayer then declares that such oaths "be deemed absolved, forgiven, annulled and void." Although the author of the Kol Nidre or the date of its author- ship are both unknown, it is known to have existed by the eighth century C.E. during the period of the Gaonim, when the advisability of reciting the prayer was already a subject of dispute among rabbinic authorities. The author of the Kol Nidre recog- nized that, for a variety of rea- sons, Jews were addicted to mak- ing vows which might after be forgotten or uni ally violated. A formu as devised whereby such could be re- tracted on eve of the Day of Atoneme The ol Nidre formula was base I the rabbinic rite of abso- lu from vows which min' be ormed before a r or before thre orms of absoluti refer only to tho whic assumed volunt ly for imse alone and in w h no er per- son was involv . The ol Nidre therefore,,was t intended to solve anyone from an oat concerned another or in- terest. nee of this fact, erate distortion of the purpose of the prayer by ene- mies of the Jews, which served as a source of trouble, giving anti-Semites an opportunity to cast suspicion on the -trust- worthiness of an oath taken by a Jew. As a result of miscon- ceptions about the prayer, many magistrates in medieval Europe devised special forms of oaths to be administered to Jewg. Even before the Kol Nidre served as a pretext for anti- Semitic slander, the Karaites at- tacked the rabbinic authorities over the use of the prayer. It prompted the Gaonim to mini- mize the power of dispensation from oaths. Not only , was the prayer in disfavor among Gaonim, but even the study of Nedarim, the Talmudic tractate dealing with oaths, was banned from both Babylonian academies—Sura and Pumpeditha—some time during the eighth century C.E. In banning the study of oaths, 356-6522 Southfield New Year Greetings HOLIDAY GREETINGS Great Lakes Iron & Metal Co. O'BRIEN'S PRESCRIPTIONS 270 HALTINER River Rouge VI 2-1746 Your Family Drug Store 20655 W. 7 Mile at Braile KE 2-2410 We Deliver New Year Greetings GREETINGS STAN & STAN Sales and Service OLD WARSAW BAKERY [— 4820 Michigan h MI MI ME MI II3 D Standard 1 Asbestos Mfg. Co. • DAVID BURKE, Mgr. I 820 Baltimore Ave. TR 5-1780 AI Ell INN MI MN Ell NMI - GENERAL STORES CO. 5831 West Vernor 13 I 30 Plymouth WE 3-0209 VI 2 8902 - • 0••••••••••••••••••411•Z • • Holiday Greetings • • • • • • • • BEUAH L STARR • • • • • • 908 Mutual Bldg, • • • WO 2-2789 • • • • •••••••••••••••••••••• rst I8I to 0.1 Best Wishes for a Happy New Year CI Happy Holiday vi .0.1111. ll• ■■ 0 41•1111,141•110, 4 1.8 ■11.■ ■■■■■ 0.11W 1.1• ■ win,. to t 1 I Holiday Greetings 1 I TEDRICK 1 I PHOTO SERVICE i Photo Finishing — Supplies CAMERAS — FILMS Walter Tedrick 18482 Grand River 1 , 1 New Year Greetings GLOBE AGENCY, Inc. Mr. Sam Zack, Pres. 20030 JAMES COUZENS BR 3-8616 VE 8-5250 1 0.11111.0.11•10•0 ■ .1.11•11 ■ 01=111• 0 •MII. 0. ■ 011•111111.0•11•1•1 AIM., Holiday Greetings Best Wishes for a Happy New Year to Our Relatives and Friends TWIN BEES HEAT! NG SERVICE Mr. and Mrs..- SAM GOLD Stewart Warner, diStributor Luxaire - FloCo - Lenox Licensed — 24 hour service Gas and Oil Units Installed 'THE DECORATOR" 17534 Prairie UN 2-2634 26977 Grand River KE 1-5709 ■ •• ■ •••=vvY....w...-- 1 New Year Greetings WALKER Best Wishes for A Happy New Year Morris and Celia GOLDSMITH PRINTERY of 18708 Washburn Detroit 21, Mich. 9210 Holmur TY 7-2652 ■••■..0.0%■••■■••■■••■,, Sincere Good Wishes Best Wishes for A Happy New Year GRAND AUTO REPLACEMENT PARTS, INC. Mr. and Mrs. ALEC WALTERS 3300 Grand River i;;Harry E. Citrin - Harley J. Citrin::: . TE 1-5353 903 Charlevoix Season's Greetings New Year Greetings Grand Riviera Barber and Beauty Shop Warren Iron & Metal Co. 5120 JOY ROAD WE 3-6149 12455 Greenfield Holiday Greetings New Year Greetings Warren Plumbing Supply Co. GEORGE W. 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Oak Manor 1 Meat & Poultry Famous Rye and Pumpernickle Bread We Specialize in Pastries We Take Orders for All Occasions 12340 Conant TR 2-9474 10241 Conant TR 2-2660 CHERNOFSKY Yehudai Gaon, who headed the Sura academy in the eighth cen- tury, noted that it was customary "in other lands" to recite the Kol Nidre but said it was not to be done in Babylonia "neither on Rosh Hashanah nor on Yom Kip- pur." A century later Natronai Gaon also noted that it was not cus- tomary to recite the Kol Nidre in Babylonia "as is clone else- where." ,.kmram Gaon calls the custom of reciting the Kol Nidre "a foolish one." While the custom of the Ga- onim of not reciting the Kol Nidre was adhered to by many Sephardic communities and per- sisted in the Algerian ritual, most of the Jewish world final- ly adopted the prayer as part of the Atonement eve service. An important change in the wording of the Kol Nidre was introduced in the 12th century by Meir ben Samuel, a contempo- rary of Rashi, the leading com- mentator on the Bible and Tal- mud. The prayer had originally mentioned vows assumed "from the last Day of Atonement to the present." Meir ben Samuel chang- ed the wording to provide for I future vows "from this Day of Atonement to the next." He based ange on rocedure mention- e Talm c trac- tate N that "he ho de- sire- at no of his vo made during the year shall be lid, let him stand at the begi ing of the year and declare ' ry vow 'which I may make in e future I shall be nu Meir version of e K ally accept- in rthern French nd Po s, While the Span- ish and P ncal rituals adhered to th text. after the textual changes been made, some religious authorities objected to the prayer. Judah ben Barzilai, a Spanish author of the 12th century, at- tacked the custom of reciting the Kol Nidre as "misleading" since, he declared, ignorant persons be- lieved that all their vows were annulled through the formula and therefore took on such obligations carelessly. Two centuries later, Jeroham ben Meshulam of Provence at- tacked "those fools" who, trust- ing to the Kol Nidre, made vows recklessly. Other opponents of the Kol Nidre included Judah Hadassi, 12th century Karaite, of Constantinople, and Rabbi Isaac ben Sheshet of Saragossa who lived in the 15th century. In the 19th century, conclaves of Reform rabbis both in Ger- many and in the United States sought to abolish the Kol Nidre. A rabbinical conference held in Bruswick in 1844 called on all members to secure the speedy abolition of the prayer. In this country, when Reform congrega- tions abolished the prayer, the traditional melody was retained with a Hebrew psalm substituted for the old text. So strong was the force of tra- dition with regard to the prayer, however, that in spite of vigorous objection to the text which per- sisted down through the ages, m o s t Jewish congregations throughout the world still begin the Atonement service with the Kol Nidre. x ...—..........----..„....,.............,---. Happy New Year to Our Friends and Patrons M Holiday Greetings I GREETINGS I Young Realty Co., Inc. I I I I WILLIAM EL YOUNG 18332 Van Dyke TW 1-1662 — - — I HOLIDAY GREETINGS HAIR DESIGN STUDIO Individual Hair Shaping Permanents 10615 W. 7 Mile at Pinehurst UN 4-3004 Toni Hatch, Style Director 1961 '8 JaqinaldoS MII 45 - THE DETROIT JEWISH NEWS — Frid ay, ▪