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Nazi's Deportation Ortlersamr`Never to
(Continued from Page 8)
Eichmann had unlimited power
regarding the problem of the
Jews. Chronologically, geographi-
cally and biologically, it was
Eichmann who determined where,
when and who was to be killed."
When the defense counsel tried
to get Musmanno to concede that
various documents, memoirs and
judgments had blamed other
Nazis for the annihilation of the
Jews, the American judge re-
plied: "That is undoubtedly true;
but the instrumentality was al-
ways Eichmann; he determined in
what order and from which coun-
tries these executions were to be
carried out .. . "
The fate of the Italian Jews
was described on the witness
stand earlier by Dr. Chulda
Campagniano, now a teacher in
the religious settlement of Yav-
neh, Israel. She is the daugh-
ter of the late Dr. Moses D.
Cassuto, professor of Semitic
languages at Rome University,
later professor of Bible re-
search at Hebrew University.
Her brother, rabbi of Florence,
and her husband and a sister
were murdered by the Nazis.
Dr. Campagniano described
how the situation of Italian Jews
trucks were driven across the the Berlin Jewish community,
border. In moving 40 other Jews testified how her husband was
into Sweden in the same way, the summoned from Yom Kippur
underground operatives told the services in 1941 and told by the
Jews 'you are potatoes, don't say Gestapo that the Jews of Berlin
would be "evacuated." Within a
a word'.
fortnight, she said, four trans-
Mrs. Samuel, describing the ports, each carrying 1,000 Berlin
work
re ews, left for the Riga and Lodz
, said that 8
ttoes, while Nazis ransacked
en into Swed • such me
abandoned Jewish homes.
at
Nazi
polic
She added
re than 1,200 Berlin Jews,
ess- swooped • n -On Jewish males
A description of the
an un- one nig and, despite the brave
ful effort by the No
dreds of efforts f the No egians, 750
derground to save
Jews from the Co try's Nazi
quarter was surrounded by the
Germans, and the deportations
were begun.
She described in great detail
how all classes of the Italian pop-
ulation—Catholic and Protestant
clergy and laymen — made ex-
traordinary efforts to help save
Jews. However, 7,500 Italian
Jews were deported, and only 6
survived.
changed after September, 1943,
when the German racist policies
went into effect in. Italy. She her-
self, with her children, was shel-
tered in convents and by Chris-
tian families.
- After the JeWs of Rome had
paid to the Nazis 100 kilograms
of gold as ransoni, she testified,
an Italian police "commander in-
formed her, indirectly, that the
Germans would, nevertheless,
start deporting the Jews from the
ancient Roman Jewish, Quarter.
Dr. Campagniano said she warn-
ed inhabitants of the Jewish quar-
ter of the plan, but they refused
to believe her. That night, the
occupiers was g n by Mrs.
idow of the
Henriette Samue
rway's 1,700
chief rabbi of
d a dramatic
Jews. She prese
account of how e Norwegian
Jews were first arned of im-
eizures and
pending Gestap
then smuggled a ss the bor-
der into Sweden
temperatures. Rabbi Sainue re-
fused to leave his people and
was taken to Auschwitz and
murdered on Dec. 16, 1942.
istant
ced docu-
andinavian pe-
e Nazi murder pro-
including • a letter from
ichmann to the Nazi Foreign
Ministry complaining about
Swedish efforts to save Norwe-
gian Jews. The letter specified
that in cases where Swedish
The greying survivor told how, citizenship was granted sudden-
one night in November of that ly to Norwegian Jews in an ob-
year, she received a telephone vious bid to circumvent anti-
call from a neighbor she called Jewish plans of the Nazis, such
Inge, a member of the under- citizenship should be disre-
gr ound. "It is very cold tonight garded. An earlier directive
and I advise you to dress your from Eichmann's office said all
children warmly," Inge told her. Norwegian Jews would be sent
Mrs. Samuel awakened her chil- to the Auschwitz murder fac-
dren and dressed them. An hour tory "never to return."
later, Inge came and took Mrs.
Mrs. Hildegarde Henschel, wife
Samuel and her children, a sis- of Moritz Henschel, last head of
ter-in-law and her two children
to a nearby house. After a week
of hiding, she said the five chil-
dren and the two adults were
brought at night to two trucks
which had licenses to ship pota-
toes.
The witness said, "We had to
act like potatoes under the tar-
paulin. The children had been
given sleeping tablet. They said
farewell to Inge—later identified
as Ingeborg Sletten — and the
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
she said, committed suicide in a
year She described how, when
she reached the Theresienstadt
concentration camp, in June,
1944, she found Jews forced to
construct the gas chambers for
their own annihilation. She said
18,000 of the camp inmates were
trapped through a ruse to volun-
teer for "work" and that all were
sent to the death factory at
Auschwitz.
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5 7 144 "'
JUDGE MICHAEL' A. MUSMANNO of the Pennsylvania
Supreme Court testifies in Jerusalem that Hermann Goering
called Adolf Eichmann one of the Nazi high command on the
decision to destroy Europe's Jews. The defense, which contends
Eichmann was an obscure lieutenant-colonel, had fought to keep
Musmanno from testifying on the information he gathered
during a Navy mission to determine whether Hitler was really
dead. Musmanno said Eichmann was head of a flying squadron
of Nazis who moved swiftly through Eastern Europe to provide
"a slaughterhouse on wheels" for victims. At bottom, Mrs.
David Ben-Gurion, wife of the Israeli Premier, listens to the
testimony of witness beside Judge M. W. Kempner of Lans-
downe, Pennsylvania.
9
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