The Origin of the Hagadah
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BY BEN GALLOB
(Copyright, 1961, Jewish Telegraphic
Agency, Inc.)
If you want to know the
Biblical basis of your observ-
ance of Passover, you will find
it — appropriately —. in the
Book of Exodus where two com-
mandments are listed. One
instructs the Jewish father to
"tell thy son in that day, say-
ing: It is because of that which
the ' Lord did for m when I
came forth out of E t." T
e
other passage deals
eating of the Pa al
el
which the Childre of
n
ey •
sacrificed before
their great journe o free • m.
This passage spe ies the re-
quivement of the eating of the
Paschal lamb and suggests that
,the children will ask wha
ceremony means and adds
the parents are to explain
e
No one is certain when
celebration of Passover began,
but what is certain is that
e
was a lot different fro
ginal
present ritual. The
of the
form probably co
al lamb, as
eating of the
POssover Greetings
If
OM
•IMIN
appy Passover
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REMEMBER
THE
BLOOD
BANK
Kappy gassover to
Ole 8ritire Corn
.
ty
.ur r- oms
oice
Once again we
memora the Festival o ib-
Again we
erfy with ratitude for the blessings in rent
ericanism and for e gr in-
in our
ssov
. . .
herita
edicate
On t
tice and
ours
liber
ordained, and the narration of
the story of the flight from
Egypt by the head of the family.
There was no normal text—the
Haggadah was yet to come—
and the head of the house
presumably decided how he
would tell the Exodus story and
what he would put into it.
Xasle
nd gamily
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Presently th e developed
• re uniform
a desire for a
t • Passover
procedu
during the
icu
m
the econd Temple
i o d
ancient Israel, roughly
the fifth century Before
e Common Era to the first
century of our a. At that
'Oath and
time, the dai
ere begi -
festival
su e a s
t
11 1
f
oward a
al came from
in the Mishnah
a eh
rovides for the four
w
of the Passover benedic-
ion and gives the for
m
four questions.
the s nah
questions
at the entire cere
indica
as performed at the
mo
of the Passover m
e
bbi Gamaliel sp
he sym Is
vened
feast—th
• erbs-
bread - a
ed in
were t
a
t s was ad
ritual.
L o n
thanks ing for lib e
nd the
Pharao
from t
el Psalms,
reciting of the
113 to 118.
ime the Mishnah
_ By
f irst
standardize •
ompleted, in about the
year 200 of the Common Era,
the narration, or Haggadah,
had reached a _ fairly fixed
form. Considerable latitude
was still permitted, however,
for expanding the narrative.
Learned men would expand
and expound on the wonders
of the Exodus until the day-
break after the Seder.
Modifications and enlarge-
ments of the Hagadah were
made as the centuries passed.
A particularly favored source
of such changes was the Mish-
nah from which was added the
description of the four types
of children who ask what the
Passover rites mean. Some of
the songs at the end of the
narration were not added until
the 16th century. At about that
time, the fixed text emerged.
The various groupings with-
in Jewry have differing cus-
toms relating to various" parts
of the ceremony. Among Ash-
kenazic Jews during the Mid-
dle Ages, for example, and
among some groups of ob-
servant Jews Pt the present
time, the master of the house
and other participants in the
Seder dip their fingers in the
cups of wine at each mention
of each of the ten plagues
visited upon the Egyptians be-
fore the Exodus. They also
spill a little of the wine into a
plate. The origin and meaning
of this custom is not known. It
has been explained as symbolic
of the idea that the cup of joy
is rarely completely full. An-
other explanation is that this
is a reminder that Jews should
avoid gloating over the mis-
fortunes of others, even of their
oppressors.
After centuries of relative
fixity of content, a number of
adaptations of the Hagadah
appeared in the United States
and Germany, generally under
Reform Jewish auspices.
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American Cancer Society again
urges you to "Guard Your Family
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and a Check."
Best
Mr. a
Passover Greetings
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100 Years of Service
Best Wishes to the Jewish Community
for a Happy Passover
EST OKRAIFT