birds as symbols in Jewish art,
as well as fertility symbols-
In
sheep, hare, shell, cornucopia
and centaur. In his summary of
OD
FOR LEASE
the discussion of miscellaneous
5 modern stores now under con-
1.4
fertility symbols, he states:
struction. New neighborhood.
Jews
who
used
this
vocabulary
"seems
to
have
become
Jewish,
Two more volumes have just
us
20315 W. 8 Mile Rd. Corner
"The symbols strengthen
been added to the "Jewish Sym- of symbols read their Bibles, or as it became Christian, by shed-
Kentfield.
our impression that the hope
bols in the Greco-Roman Pe- at least the passages illustrated ding completely its pagan my-
UN 2-2749
a much
riod." the highly scholarly work in the paintings of the Dura thology. Whether the Jews who of immortality was
UN 3-6875
the
of Prof. Erwin R. Goodenough, synagogue. . . Interpretation put this symbol on their graves more active force among
Jews who produced the art
of
the
Dura
paintings
rests
on
or
synagogues
were
profoundly
published in
sandy soil indeed with a sense mystical or were merely hoping we are studying than has usu-
21-C-BUSINESS PROPERTY
the Bollingen
of the value of the pagan sym- that Judaism would take them ally been the case in halachic
Series (140 E.
bols in which they were set, a to immortality after death, the Judaism. I have never sug-
8MILE LIVERNOIS
62nd St., N. Y.
vivid awareness that the pagan symbol itself, for Jews as for gested in any way, and shall
21), and dis-
motifs in the synagogue are pagans a n d Christians, must never suggest, that the Greco-
1 block east of Livernois,
tributed by
part of a great symbolic voca- have represented the fulfill- Roman Jews all and always
116 V2 foot frontage on 8
Pantheon
bulary which Jews of the time ment of their religious aspira- had a full sense of the erotic
Mile corner of Fa rmcla Ie.
Books (333 6th
Lions, their hope in Judaism." implications of the symbols,
had widely made their own."
Bargain. Owner, EL 6-7434.
Ave., N.Y. 14).
*
*
*
A special chapter is devoted if only because I am con-
The seventh
The
Bull,
the
Lion,
the
Tree
in
Volume
VII to miscellaneous vinced that later pagans and
26-LAKE PROPERTY FOR SALE and eighth
and
the
Crown
are
among
the
divine
symbols
- rosettes, Christians alike normally used
volumes deal
FOR SALE, Woodhull Lake. Modern
symbols enumerated. They are wheels, circles and other ob- these same symbols with little
with
"Pagan
cottage. Lot 100x145. Reasonable.
or no awareness of their eroti-
traced in their use in syna- jects.
Symbols in Ju-
AV. 4-8976.
* * •
cism. It would be absurd dis-
O
gogues and graves of Jews dur-
daism." Here
tortion to think that I sup-
In
the
eighth
volume
(the
ing
the
Greco-Roman
period.
Prof. G o o d-
31-TRANSPORTATION
Numerous illustrations are ap- second of the new series), Prof. posed all Jews to have spe-
W.1
enoug h, of
LIKE TO make a leisurely trip
pended to the text to show the Goodenough describes symbols cifically erotic thoughts in
Jonathan
Ed-
to Los Angeles in big car some-
cr4
use of the bull, the lion and the that are "primarily erotic," and their use of this artistic or
time
in
January?
Couple
or
wo-
wards
College
=
literary imagery. What is false
Dr. Goodenough tree from Old Testament times. "psychopomps and astronomical
Must be good driver, share
Er
of
Yale
Uni-
is the dilemma: either the
expenses. EL 6-7352.
versity, continues "to investi- Leading Jewish authorities, from symbols." Under the f o r m e r symbols must have been used
Philo
to
Prof.
Louis
Ginzberg
title,
he
deals
with
cupids
and
gate the artistic forms that Jews
35-INSTRUCTION
with conscious awareness of
of the Greco-Roman period bor- (L e g e n d s of the Jews) are the Jewish interpretation of their erotic 'value,' or else
among the experts used in trac- cupid. Explaining the meaning
HEBREW, Yiddish, English teacher, rowed from pagan religions."
they had no such value. That
Bar Mitzvah specialist, David
Horowitz, TO. 5-3652.
We are told in advance that ing the facts. "Dr. Goodenough of cupid in Jewish art, he states is, I protest against the argu-
asserts:
"It
would
seem
that
that
its
use
on
ancient
Jewish
ment that if the Jews who
BAR MITZVAH, Hebrew Bible, in volumes to follow in this Ithe Jews of the time borrowed tombs and synagogues may have
Yiddish, English. Call experienced monumental series "we shall at
used them were rarely if ever
been
borrowed
as
a
decoration
teacher, WE. 4-1793.
last be ready to examine how the symbol anew rather than "in the way that cupids seem aware of the erotic associa-
inherited
it
from
Old
Testa-
TRUMPET LESSONS in your home,
tions and origins of the cupids
ment times. They of course asso- to have been borrowed by Jews -if
Jack Sternthal, WE 5-3987.
Philo's erotic imagery and
50-BUSINESS CARDS
of a later period as a result of
ciated
it
with
their
Jewish
tradi-
TUTOR, all elementary subjects.
that of the Zohar are figures
the
Renaissance."
He
emphasizes
tions
by
Old
Testament
proof
FURNITURE
repaired
and
refin-
High school English, remedial
of speech whose direct reali-
reading. Qualified teacher. DI.
ished. Free estimates. WE 3-2110. texts, but the later usages all that the use of cupid was as
zation was never hoped or
1-5283.
appear to have been read back "a charming decorative motif," dreamed - the symbols must
LARKINS
MOVING
and
he
adds:
into
the
Old
Testament
rather
40-EMPLOYMENT
therefore be 'merely decora-
than legitimately to have come
AND DELIVERY SERVICE
"This does not mean that
tive,' the literary imagery
from
Old
Testament
teachings.
all Jews of the earlier period
Also Office Furniture.
`merely tropaic.' Such is the
Fields Employment
If that is true, they borrowed can be thought of as mystical
Any time.
meaningless alternative which
Couples, Cooks, Maids,
Reasonable.
the bull at a time when it had persons. In spite of the mysti-
it is the chief aim of this
Chauffeurs, Janitors,
3319 GLADSTONE
become a free symbol: it had be- cal possibilities of Catholic-
Caretakers, Porters
study to escape."
TY 4-4587
all
come
associated
with
so
many
or
even
Buddhism,
ism,
DAY' or WEEK
To prove his point, with ref-
gods that the bull must clearly followers of these religions
TILE
TR 3-7770
have been a symbol which illu- are not practising, and accom- erence to the "testimony of the
minated the meaning and the plished, mystics. The existence erotic symbols in Jewish usage,"
DO YOU NEED TILE WORK?
WOMAN for kosher home. adults,
New and Repair Special
power of the god, rather than of a mystic Judaism, in Ro- Dr. Goodenough states: "Appar-
moderate cooking and cleaning,
no laundry. Home nights; KE U OF D TILE & TERRAZZO CO that any one god was pre-
man and medieval times, is, ently, much more than the hala-
4-0598.
eminently the bull ..."
however, clearly attested-a chic Judaism which suppressed
UN 1-5075
* * *
mysticism in which the great their use, the Jews who used
Call Reeve's
A-1 PAINTING, decorating. Rea-
symbol, and the great achieve- these erotic and fertility sym-
Goodenough,
in
his
analy-
Dr.
Employment Service
sonable prices. Free estimates.
ment, was love. To this con- bols were looking for immortal-
sis
of
the
place
in
pagan
art
of
VI 2-1026, BR 3-6271.
the lion and other felines, shows clusion the Jewish use of ity as a new birth and life, al-
If YOU NEED GOOD DO-
CARPENTER, all kinds of altera-
wine symbols also led us. As most a deification, in a way so
MESTIC HELP. DAY OR
tions. Reasonable. Call WE. 3-0815 that "lion masks have appeared
or WE. 5-1761.
WEEK.
in Jewish art especially as fu- we study the other erotic sym- similar to pagan hopes that the
symbols came over naturally
nerary devices." He shows that bols taken by Jews from from paganism to their graves
LI 4-5138
Roman art it will seem in-
"the
lion
in
antiquity
went
from
GEORGE WILLIAMS
and synagogues. We have every
religion to religion, from civili- creasingly natural to suppose reason to suppose that however
40-A-EMPLOYMENT WANTED
CARTAGE
not
that
the
Jews
ever
wor-
zation to civilization, with essen-
Jews may have explaned the
GOOD singer available for all oc-
tially the same value: . . . His shiped cupids (so far as I symbols, the symbols kept their
Local moving and expressing,
casions. Reasonable. TO. 5-3652.
p ow e r, including his sexual know, pagans never did eith- basic values in the transition,
experienced men, Vans to fit
RELIABLE woman will take full
power, was the first element of er), but that when they put were taken over, indeed, pre-
charge of children while parents
your need. Free estimates.
that value, a power which pre- the cupids on their syna- cisely for those values."
vacation. References. UN 1-2363.
3298 Webbcorn, Dexter..
sented itself primarily in des- gogues and graves, they did
* * *
MIDDLE - AGED respectable man
so with reference to a hope
truction and devouring ..."
wants job as chauffeur, butler, or
TU 3-3405
As further explanation, we
houseman. Good references. WE
"Jewish usages show the lion that as a group and as indi-
3-1809, call Mr. Drake.
in Judaism to have had this viduals they would be saved read, later on, under discussion
of psychopomp, that "the art of
by the love of God."
LADY wants day work, good ref- PAINTING-exterior, interior. Dec- same value," he continues. "In
erences. WE 3-1809.
orating, wall washing. W. Wil- it Jews represented their hope
In the course of his discus- Judaism we are studying, which
liams. 8554 American. TE 4-0195,
RESPONSIBLE baby-sitter, nights,
in a saving divine force whose sion, he quotes Philo on love. was rejected by the halachic-
TY 6-0494.
reasonable. Loves children. WE
beneficence would be the re- "Philo," he states, "is by no rabbinists of a few centuries
3-6461.
CARPENTER WORK of all kinds-
later, seems to point to a Juda-
Porch, floors, steps, kitchen cabi- verse side of its obverse feroc- means careful in his own use ism in which Jews kept them-
of the term eros. He distin-
nets, doors, panelling. Work my- ity.
45-BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES
self. UN 4-1897.
Quoting from Hosea, Joel, the guishes between a good and bad selves apart and Jewish by their
Psalms
and other Old Testa- eros, the good being marked by legal observance, and built their
Beautician Wanted
DRAPERI ES
ment sources, Prof. Goodenough a share in reason, but generally own places of worship and buri-
Young Jewish girl with at least
CUSTOM MADE
writes that "references to the he supposes that from the con- al to strengthen their sense of
one year's experience that would
$3.00 per width lined or unlined.
lion and his habits are so fre- text the reader will understand separation; but they covered
be interested in partnership
Your measurement and mate-
with young man. Small invest-
quent in the Old Testament that which eros he has in mind at these buildings and graves with
rial. Pick up and delivery on
ment required. 50-50 basis. Call
$50
or
more.
Crendilion
and
the people must have been fam- the time. Eros can, as with us, mystic symbols from paganism
me and talk it over. BR. 3-4446,
weights
furnished.
Excellent
UN. 4-5968.
iliar with them and with their be the love of country, culture, because their Judaism included
work. WE. 3-5773.
danger. Naturally, the lion as a or freedom. Philo protests that in addition to legalism a mystic
figure
of speech reflects this fleshly love, licentiousness, is aim and satisfaction which the
PARTNER WANTED with $25,000
PAINTING and decOrating, inside
symbols expressed for
capital for refining. LI 4-528.
and outside, free estimates. Rea- terror. The Psalmist's enemies wrongly called eros. He himself pagan
sonable. TO. 7-1937.
are like lurking or roaring lions condemns such eras repeatedly, them and for the Christians
after them."
M. & B. MARKET
5 ROOMS washed $28, painting, about him, and oppressive rul- and makes it the equivalent of
papering, plastering, Smith. UN ers and false prophets are de- the tempter in Eden, though in
The figures of the Seasons as
4-9263.
12540 DEXTER
other passages he can refer to symbols of Jewish art also are
vouring lions . . ."
EXPERIENCED dressmaker willing
Early Christianity, according `fleshly love' without condem•a- evaluated. He points to "the
FOR SALE
to go to your home or my home.
Alterations for adults and chil- to Prof. Goodenough, took the t•on. Desire for money and wo- amazing paintings of the Dura
dren. Call, TO 5-2929 or TO 7-6558. lion from Judaism "as part of men is in each case eros, and is synagogue" to show their inter-
RENT REASONABLE
FOR THE best and quick janitor ,a1 its Jewish heritage." He ex- debasing; the former Philo con- pretation of the text, "the only
service, call WE 5-7721.
plains that the lion mask ex- demned under the command interpretations of the Bible that
BAKERY, Warsaw of Hamtramack,
9622 Joseph Carnpau. Liquidating
presses in Jewish terms "the again s t covetousness. Over- survive from the hellenized
estate. TU. 4-0124,
reaching eros for the unattain- Jews we have been studying."
55-MISCELLANEOUS
hope of future life."
*
*
able is likewise bad, and be- Apparently conclusions relating
80-SOAPS & DETERGENTS
GRAND PIANO. Hamilton (Baldwin
Product) W a 1 n u t. Like new.
We are told in Dr. Good- comes a useless torment, like to the Dura illustrations are to
Length 5'1". AV. 4-8976.
enough's study of many traces the unquenchable thirst of Tan- be incorporated in forthcoming
ALL CITY MOVING
of the tree cult in the Old talus. He professes the greatest volumes.
57-FOR
SALE:
HOUSEHOLD
AND STORAGE CO.
Dr. Goodenough, who will be
Testament. He refers to the scorn for Plato's Symposium
GOODS AND FURNITURE
because eros there is so largely remembered here as one of the
interpretations
given
by
Philo
•
Large, Modern Vans. Com-
Moving, selling out fine con-
of the mystical-eschatological homosexual, but while Philo's Lea and Walter Field Semities
plete Moving Service. No Job
temporary furniture, Saarinen.
conception of the tree, and he hatred of pederasty was thor-
chair,
Herman
Miller
chairs
and
Uni-
Too Large or Too Small.
explains why the tree became oughgoing, he must have learn- Lecturers at Wayne State
chests, VA. ft. long black sofa,
Gino Ponti buffet, Yainasaki
continues
an
ed
much
of
the
spiritual
possi-
versity,
thus
a favorite symbol among Jews
dining table, Singer chairs,
14948 MEYERS
paintings, ceramics, golden yel-
in the first five centuries of bilities of eros from that dia- portant study which reveals the
low
and
white
Wanda
weave
logue and the Phaedrus."
VE. 8-7660
this
era.
keen scholarship of the eminent
rugs, elect. stove and ref. Shown
*
*
the
c
r
ow
n,
Dr.
this Sunday only 11-5. 26410
Regarding
P. S.
FOR BETTER wall washing, call
Semitist.
Dr.
Goodenough
discusses
Huntington
Road,
Htuaington
that
it
James Russell. One day service.
Goodenough writes
Woods.
18-B--STORE FOR LEASE
2
More Scholarly Volumes by Prof. Goodenough
ewish Symbols in Greco-Roman Period'
TO 6-4005. 526 Belmont