Tunisia Readies Civil Rights; Is Byroade to Blame for Near East Crisis9
By MILTON FRIEDMAN
gested that Israel close the remove th e s e hallucinations
(copyright,
doors of the Jewish national from Arab imagination by tak-
Discusses
Status
of
Jews
tl I
WASHINGTON — • Nasser's home to satisfy the Arab ing the steps recommended by

1956, JTA, Inc.)

TUNIS, (JTA) — A major
debate on the personal status
of the Jews of Tunisia in rela-
tion to forthcoming legislation
on civil rights took place here
at a meeting of a commission
set up by the Tunisian govern-
ment to plan legislative reforms
and to study Rabbinic jurisdic-
tion in the country.
The meeting, at which these
queStions of basic interest to
Tunisian Jewry were discussed,
was held under the chairman-
ship of the Minister of Justice,
Ahmed Mestiri.
Members of the commission
include Tunisian Chief Rabbi
Moise Cohen, former Jewish
member of the Tunisian Cabi-
net Albert Hessis,' president of
the Jewish community Elie Na-
taf, and a number of other
prominent Jewish leaders.
The - Minister of Justice
stressed the intention of the
government to introduce a civil
rights code covering the entire
population of Tunisia.
However, he pointed out that
the government does not plan
to present the code as a "fait
accompli" -but wants to work
it out after consultations with
representatives of various faiths
and with respect for these re-
ligions.

The discussion between the
Minister and the Jewish leaders
was conducted in a cordial at-
mosphere, with the Jewish
leader bringing out points which
are of particular concern to the
Jewish community.
They emphasized that \ Tuni-
sian Jewry always lived its
life according to the Mosaic
code. They also stressed that
in a number of Moslem coun-
tries punishment for crimes
varied according to religious
faiths of the criminals.
In the course of the discus-
sion, it was recalled that a
precedent was created by Na-
poleon who convened a Sanhed-
rin of French Jews with the
result that the Jews were given
equality of rights. it was
pointed out that the recent con-
sultations preceded any deci-
sion on the part of the Tunisian
government. For this, the Jews
said, the government should be
complimented.
The Minister of Justice asked
the Jewish leaders a number of
questions about the application
of the Mosaic code to Jews in
Israel and those in the United
States. After this information
was given to the Minister, it
was decided to hold another
meeting for further discussion
of the issues involved.

Anti-Semitism Gaining Ground
in France, AJ Committee Poll Shows-

-

extremism is now such that a
U. S. diplomat who served as
his apolagist has incurred offi-
cial displeasure. He is Ambas-
sador Byroade, the ACJ's best
friend in the Near East. Byroade
is being transferred from Egypt
to the Union of South Africa, a
post of considerably less impor-
tance.
Last October, after Nasser
signed an arms deal with the
Communist bloc, the United
States became alarmed. By-
roade blamed it all on Israel
"aggression" and .held that Rus-
sian arms might help Egypt
safeguard regional stability. But
George V. Allen, Assistant Sec-
retary of State for Near East-
ern Affairs, was dispatched
post-haste to Cairo.
Allen sought unsuccessfully to
talk Nasser out of the deal. But
'did Byroade support his superi-
or? Or did Byroade undercut
and sabotage his own govern-
ment? A recent Nasser speech
might shed light on what really
happened during the Allen visit.
Nasser said he learned Al-
len was on his way,, "After-
ward an American official
contacted me and sought a
special interview. He said he
regretted very much the status
of • relations between the
United States and Egypt. He
also said: Allen has a strong
note from the United States
Government which might
prejudice Egyptian nationality
and prestige. I assure you that
this note will have no effect
because we shall be able to
remove= its effect . . • He said
that no practical outcome
would emanate from this mes-
sage and guaranteed this . .
Diplomatic sources report that
the "American official" was
none other than AmbasSador
Byroade. Is this a true account
of the behavior of Byroade? The
records show peculiar actions
by Byroade when he •was As-
sistant Secretary of State for
Near Eastern Affairs. He was
then supposedly implementing
Secretary Dulles' "impartiality"
policy toward Arabs and Israelis
alike.
In 1954 Byroade took Israel
to task in an address before an
American Council for Judaism
convention in Philadelphia. Us-
ing the anti-Zionist forum pro-
vided by the ACJ, Byroade
_ sug-

PARIS, (JTA) — 'Anti-Semi- ports received by AJC from the
tism is gaining ground in France European . Jewish communities.
In addition to France and
and arousing increased concern
in West Germany, the European West Germany, the survey in-
office of the American Jewish cluded Austria, Belgium, Great
Committee disclosed here after Britain, Greece, Italy, Luxem-
completion of a survey of anti- burg, the Netherlands, Spain,
Semitism in 12 Western Eu- Sweden and Switzerland.
ropean countries.
"Open antc--SeMitism is still
• The survey was based on the considered a 'political mark of
opinions of Jewish community Cain' in post-war Europe, a
leaders throughout Europe.
fact recognized even by the anti-
"The electoral campaign and Semites themselves," the report
subsequent victory of the Pou- continued. "As a result, they
jade movement at the French prefer to work anonymously
polls last January have given and under cover, or deny •their
definite •impetus to anti-Semi- anti-Semitism even while en-
tism in France," the AJC re- gaged in anti-Semitic activities."
ported.
There has been a "noticeable
increase" in unfavorable com- Home-Grown Coffee
ments about Jews, in the ap- Too Costly for Israel
pearance on street walls of signs
JERUSALEM, (JTA)—A cof-
like "Jew, Go Home" and in fee importer here has agreed
the arrogance- of the French with earlier reports by an Israel
anti-democratic and anti-Sem- scientist,' Dr. Israel Gindel, that
itic papers.
coffee can be grown in Israel
New publications with anti- successfully, but he maintained
Semitic tendencies have, more- that it cannot be grown eco-
over, appeared in France in re- nomically.
cent months, the report em-
Yosef Strugo, director of the
phasizes.
Coffee Importers Association,
"While p•ouj a dists have hot told the Jerusalem Post that his
been effectiVe in the French group had backed the experi-
Parliament and while there has ments financially; but that the
been some internal dissension facts had to be faced and the
in the Poujade movement, there facts—of an economic nature—
is no real evidence that its were not favorable.
strength has diminished since
He added that his group had
last January," the AJC report nothing but the highest respect
stressed. "In fact, French trou- for Dr. Gindel and his efforts.
bles at home and in North
While he conceded that the
Africa can give Poujadism an Association was convinced, as
even greater appeal than be- it had been from the start, that
fore."
the higher cost of •Israel labor
In West Germany, the AJC —as compared with those tropi-
Survey- noted, many Germans cal countries , from which cof-
are now warning with increased fee is imported—would be com-
urgency of the need to take pensated for by higher produc-
vigorous counter-action against tivity.
But the pyoblem of water, he
a renewed flow of neo-Nazi
literature, against the German asserted, is unsurmountable.
public's tendency to excuse and Coffee needs heavy rainfall
ignore the evils of Hitlerism, during the summer and to
and against the infiltration of "manufacture" the water supply
f ormer Nazis into importalit would cast more than the-cof-
fee was worth, he maintained.
posts.
They point out that present
democratic progress in West Second $1,000,000 Gift Pledged
Germany has been made -in a For Brandeis University Library
period of outstanding economic
WALTHAM, Mass. — A $1,-
-prospertiy and political _stabil- 000,000 gift to Brandeis Univer-
ity and that the German pub- sity froni the National Women's
lic's attitude toward democracy Committee of Brandeis Univer-
has not yet been tested by dif- sity was pledged by Mrs. Jos-
ficulties such as those which eph Schneider of Brookline,
beset the Weimar Republic in Mass., president of the organi-
zation, at groundbreaking cere-
the 1920's for example.
Outside France and West Ger- monies for the Goldfarb Build-
m a n y, anti-Semitic elements ing on the campus which will
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League. He hinted at an anal-
ogy between Israel's treatment
of the Arabs and the. Nazi mas-
sacre of Jews.
Byroade apparently sees him-
self as a sort of international
pSychiatrist. He prescribed what
Israel should do to allay the
"fears" which beset the Arab
League and "remove this spec-
tre—which does not seem to be
based upon reality—from minds
in the Middle East." While ad-
mitting that Arab apprehension
did not seem "based upon real-
ity," Byroade nevertheless ap-
parently felt that Israel could

Knesset Warns of
Spread of Wire Tapping

JERUSALEM, (JTA) — T h e
Knesset's Internal Affairs Com-
mittee has apparently found
some instances of wiretapping
without good security reasons.
The conclusions . of a sub-
committee which had been con-
sidering the problem asserted
that "there were instances" of
such practices not directly con-
nected with security and urged
that the principle that only mat-
ters relating directly to security
questions be subject to "these
services."
Observers here noted the fact
that the subcommittee's con-
clusions were not stated ex-
plicitly — such conclusions are
usually explicitly stated in tht
title of the conclusions. Instead,
the section dealing with wire-
tapping was headed simply
"Conclusions of ' the Internal
Affairs Committee."

Histadrut Approve.s
Joint Management Plan
for Worker Activity

JERUSALEM, (JTA)—A plan
to give workers in enterprises
owned by Histadrut, Israel Gen-
eral Federation of Labor, a far
greater say in management of
those companies has been agreed
to by Hevrat Ovdim, Hista-
drut's holding company.
The joint management plan
will be submitted to the His-
tadrut Central Committee.
The proposals call for setting
up of joint party councils' of
management and workers, with
five representatives for each
side, in all Histadrut plants.
The workers representatives
would be elected by direct vote
and would include administra-
tive- employees. In some enter-
prises, the council would be set
up with three representatives
of each Side and a seventh mem-
ber appointed by agreement.
Proponents of the plan
maintained that it was ,not in-
tended to interfere with the
function of either trade unions
0 r management. Independent
trade unions would continue,
under the scheme, to deal with
wage demands, while worker
representatives on the board
be concerned with the over-all
problems of the enterprise. Man-
agements direct responsibility
for technical and administrative
direction would also continue as
before, they stressed.

Science is organized knowl-
edge.—Herbert Spencer.

the sick Arab minds. The bio-
graphic registry of the State
Department does not indicate
that Byroade holds any 'degrees
in psychiatry. '
In Byroade's analysis, Jews
are too "emotionally excitable."
It is true that some members of
that faith questioned the wis-
dom of Byroade's judgment.
This, it ,would seem; put them
into the "excitable" category..
The Byroade ACJ speech was
visualized at •a secret meeting
which was held in Washington
on Dec. 3, 1953, behind the
closed doors of the South
Lounge of the Carlton Hotel.
A similar conference was held
in San Francisco about a month
, earlier when Byroade met with
an ACJ group in that city.
The hotel room • which was
the scene of the Washington
meeting was reserved in the
name of a "Mr. Roland."
Among those in attendcance
were Lessing J. Rosenwald,
honorary president of the ACJ,
and Rabbi Elmer Berger, its
executive director. Interviewed
as he emerged from the meet-
ing, Byroade smiled nervously.
"I merely met with some old
friends whom I have known
for a number of years," he said,
adding that it was "nothing to
be reported in the press."

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