ETROtT EIVISROft0IIICLE
ftlouttlytuiyi
II EDETROVEWISH aIRON 'CUE
Published Weekly by The Jewish Chronicle Publishing Co., Inc.
JOSEPH J. CUMMINS
JACOB H. SCHAKNE
S
y
President
and Treasurer
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9111
December 23, 1927
Kislex 29, 5688
~Y~s~~
Welcome, Chautauqua.
The Reform Jewry Of Detroit will be host next week
to the thirty-ninth annual assembly of the Jewish
Chautauqua Society. An immensely interesting pro-
gram of scholarly papers and discussions, interspersed
with feasting and entertainment is in store for the del-
egates and all those who are planning to attend the
sessions and social events of the assembly.
As Dr. Leo M. Franklin points out in his statement
published in this issue of the Chronicle:
"The Jewish Chautauqua Society, has through the
almost two-score years of its existence, been a very
potent factor in the spread of Jewish education. Not
only through its summer sessions, which have been a
great stimulus to the teachers hi the religious schools
throughout the land, has it functioned. It has done
very telling work in sending speakers to many of the
larger universities of this country, thus bringing the
message of the Jew and Judaism to thousands of young
men and women of all faiths. It has published a num-
ber of text books through which the home study of the
Bible and other subjects having to do with Jewish cul-
ture, has been made possible. It has carried the mess-
age of the Jew into villages and hamlets all over the
country. Indeed there are few organizations that have
80 much to their credit as has the Jewish Chautauqua
Society. It should be generously and willingly support-
ed both in a material and moral sense."
The rabbis and laymen who are coming here for
the assembly are leaders in the field of Jewish educa-
tion. What they will have to say is the fruit of many
years of experience in that field. Their opinions should
be of the utmost interest to all those who have the task
of Jewish education at heart and the practical sug-
gestions they will make should receive the careful con-
sideration of all those who, in our own community, are
entrusted with the work of Jewish education.
But, if the delegates are bringing much in knowl-
edge and experience to Detroit, they will also find much
in Detroit by way of compensation. In the Beth El Col-
lege of Jewish Studies and in the Temple's School of
Religion they will find model institutions of their kind.
The work that has been accomplished in these schools
by Dr. Leo M. Franklin and Rabbi Leon Fram during
a comparatively short time has won recognition all over
the country. Many of the methods employed here will
be a revelation to those delegates who are not yet fa-
miliar with them. These methods will be demonstrated
to the delegates.
Detroit Jewry is proud of the privilege of wel-
coming and entertaining the delegates of the Jewish
Chautauqua Society. We hope that their deliberations
will redound to the welfare of Jewish education every-
where.
Self-Determination.
Who does not recall that lovely phase, "Self-deter-
mination"? Immediately following the Great War,
when Woodrow Wilson was at the height of his power
both at home and abroad, that phrase had the force of
a religious incantation. People thrilled to the sound
of it. Whatever Wilson may have meant by the term,
we know what it actually came to mean at the peace
tables of Europe. The map of Europe was once more
re-drawn to resemble a sort of Chinese puzzle. Nation-
al boundaries were erased and new boundaries were
created. When the eloquence of the inspired peace-
makers had died away it soon became apparent that
what had actually happened was that the victors had
the spoils of battle and the vanquished were reduced
to military, political and economic impotence.
Among those nations who emerged from the scram-
ble with an armful of the loot was Roumania. Her
borders were enlarged and her influence in Eastern
Europe greatly augmented. For her at least, self de-
termination meant something very desirable.
Now along with self-determination went another
new idea in European politics-minority rights. This
idea embodied the startling principle that minority
groups possess certain human rights which even the
sovereign states must recognize. A minority rights
clause was included in the peace treaties and several
of the newly self-determined nations ratified those
treaties, minority rights and all.
One of the signatories to those treaties was Rou-
mania. With all the pomp and ceremony of a sover-
eign, self-determined state, Roumania pledged herself
to respect the rights of her minority groups. Since that
day at least one Roumanian minority has been consist-
ently discriminated against. So far as the minority
rights provisions in the treaties are concerned the lot of
the Jew in Roumania has not been altered for the better
one single iota. If anything, these rights have been
curtailed. It has been one long fight for the Jews of
Roumania to gain even the most elementary rights as
human beings. They have been subjected to pogroms
and insults. Their economic position has been repeat-
edly threatened by official and unofficial meddling and
even downright persecution. They have been made the
victims of prejudice in the schools of the country where
the obnoxious numerus clausus has been enforced
against them. Jewish students have been assailed by
armed mobs of students and many have been injured.
Such are the fruits of self-determination in Rouman-
ia. Apparently the League of Nations finds itself just
i this instance as in the case of Poland and
as helpless in
Lithuania. As for the newly created Minority Rights
Council at the Hague, we hear nothing from that body.
Our own government has been appealed to in vain.
;NMI:Mir „
iytzeiymyemiyitmv mtaztyokuiyixtUgu=tgautlaubtivi vyravutk,,4f
President Coolidge has been too occupied with the re-
duction of taxation and other pressing matters of state
to pay any heed to requests that he exert some of his
vast influence on behalf of this oppressed minority. To
all appearances it is a hopeless situation.
From New York City comes news that Hungarian
Jews have met in mass-meeting and dispatched resolu-
tions of protest to the Roumanian representative in
Washington. It appears that the immediate cause of
this meeting was the Roumanian government's an-
nouncement t hat the situation was beyond its control
and that certain reforms which it had contemplated
could not be put into effect. This is the last straw.
When any nation openly admits before the whole world
that it is powerless to enforce justice and order within
its own boundaries it is customary for other nations to
step in and do something about it.
Those Dark Ages.
Dr. Julian Morgenstern, speaking on Reform Juda-
ism before the Detroit Jewish Open Forum last Sun-
day, presented a sketchy outline of the history of the
Jews of western Europe. Speaking of the establish-
ment of the ghetto in Venice in the early sixteenth cen-
tury, Dr. Morgenstern made the assertion that from
that time until the nineteenth century a period of about
300 years, the Jews of western Europe passed through
a long spiritual and intellectual sleep from which they
were finally awakened by the intellectuals of Germany
and the Reform movement.
Dr. Morgenstern is a scholar of high repute in his
special field-Semitic languages and Palestinian (as
well as other near-East) antiquities. He may also be
presumed to possess a limited, but none the less sub-
stantial, acquaintance with history and literature, al-
though he has not devoted himself to these departments
in any very great degree. At any rate, it happens that
when Dr. Morgenstern told his hearers last Sunday that
the three hundred years from the sixteenth to the nine-
teenth centuries were, so to speak, the dark ages of
Western European Jewry, he did not exercise that
scientific caution which characterizes his utterances in
other fields of Jewish scholarship.
It is true, as Dr. Morgenstern pointed out, that the
oppressions to which western Jewry was subjected fol-
lowing the Inquisition in Spain brought the flourishing
intellectual and spiritual life of the period to a stand-
still, But, it is necessary to qualify that general state-
ment by quite a good deal. For example, it was not alto-
gether true of Italy. In that country, which like Hol-
land, was a place of refuge for the Jews of Spain, the
sixteenth century saw considerable scholarly activity,
especially in printing and publication of the Palestinian
and Babylonian Talmuds and other literature. It was in
Italy and in the sixteenth century that Joseph ha-Cohen
lived as a physician of universal repute in Genoa and
translator of Spanish works, notably a work on America
(then known as India) and an account of the conquest
of Mexico. It was also the period in which lived and
worked Simhah Luzzatto famous as the friend of rea-
son and, by the same token, the foe of mysticism. It
was not until the seventeenth century that Italian Jew-
ry struck the shoals of intellectual decay, relieved only
slightly in the eighteenth century by the emergence of
Moses Hayim Luzzatto, the poet-mystic.
Nor should we forget that it was in the seventeenth
century that Baruch Spinoza lived, in Holland. In
Prague there was David Gans, the mathematician and
friend of Keppler and Tycho Brahe and also the famous
Rabbi Judah Leow, both in the sixteenth century.
Of course one or two scholars here and there do not
make an intellectual era and, to a great extent, the
assertion of Dr. Morgenstern is quite true-that is,
about western European Jewry. But how about east-
ern European Jewry during the same period?
If Dr.Morgenstern had gone on to complete the pic-
ture of European Jewry in the three hundred years be-
tween the sixteenth and the nineteenth centuries he
would have left his hearers with a much more accurate
conception of this period of our history. He would have
told, for example, of the vigorous intellectual and spir-
itual life of Poland during the sixteenth century, of the
building of great yeshivahs, of the printing of the Tal-
mud at Lublin and Cracow, of Solomon Luria, a great
scholar, free from the theological hair-splitting of the
time, a reformer in the truest sense of the word and a
liberal in thought. Ile would have told of Moses Is-
series the philosopher whose thought laid the basis, in
large measure, for the religious re-awakening of Ger-
many two centuries later; of Mordecai Jaffe and many
other scholars in a period rich with scholars both sec-
ular and religious. He would have given his hearers
some idea of the intellectual activity that centered
around the yearly Councils of the Three Lands (Poland,
Lithuania and Polish Russia) in Lublin, and the work
of Rabbi Meir of that city. And what of Elijah, Gaon
of Vilna in the eighteenth century? We would also
ask if the codification of the Schulchan Aruk by Joseph
Caro in the Palestine of the sixtenth century is not
worth at least casual mention.
We are sure, of course, that these simple facts of
history are familiar to Dr. Morgenstern. That he did
not see fit to cite them can be explained perhaps on the
assumption that, in his eagerness to impress his hearers
with the great significance of the reform movement in
Germany in the last century, he subdued the back-
ground a little. We might add that it is quite charac-
teristic of those who wish to propagate a reform of any
kind, to paint the background from which that reform
emerged in somewhat darker hues than the facts us-
ually warrant. What is a Renaissance without a Dark
Age to precede it?
Another thought that occurs to us in this connection
is the tendency on the part of Reform Jews-teachers
and preachers alike-to ignore, or at least to minimize,
the achievements of eastern European Jewry-even
during the brilliant decades of the last half century.
This tendency, be it said, is not as marked at the pres-
ent time as it was ten or more years ago, due very large-
ly, to the influx of eastern European Jews (with their
knowledge of Yiddish) into the Reform rabbinate. But
the false impression still obtains among the Reform lay-
ity to a great extent. Dr. Morgenstern, we think, should
have been particularly careful to make the facts clear.
By telling only half of the story he has only helped to
perpetuate a myth.
----- 451AS.
oi.f.94T5
Lawrence Lipton, Conductor
JOSEPH =-
It is fortunate for Queen Marie of Roumania that she
is not on a visit to this country just at this time. Even
her charming smile would not be sufficient to make Amer-
icans forget the uncivilized riots that are now taking place
in Darkest Roumania. If my memory serves me well,
when the Queen was here she took occasion to say that
the King and Queen used the Jews of their country. And
that the Jews were most kindly treated. A member of
the Roumanian party here with the Queen told me that
these outbreaks against the Jews were to be compared to
minor uprisings in this country when the hoodlum element
got beyond control.
But the tinalogy does not seem to hold good in pres-
ence of the reports coming through now from Roumania.
We find police and military standing by watching rioting
and assaults without making much effort to stop them.
It looks very much as if a platoon of New York policemen
could clean up the entire situation. If the Roumanian
government says that it is powerless to stop these riots,
then it confesses that its policemen and soldiers are made
of straw. I don't believe that, but I to believe that in the
Roumanian government there are officials who encourage
these outbreaks among students. Some kind friend of
the Queen's should whisper in her ear that before she
starts again on a tour of any country she had better clean
up her house a bit. Or she is likely to be met with some
very embarrassing questions and some stinging criticisms
that may take all the sweetness out of her smiles. In the
meantime one wonders when Roumanian students study.
They seem to spend all their tinie in gesticulating, deliver-
ing speeches and attacking the Jews. The government
possibly could have the money wasted on higher education.
I have just heard indirectly from "Izzy" Zarakov, the
famous ex-Harvard athlete, that he's going to have a camp
for Jewish boys in Maine. Well, he surely is enough of
a magnet to attract an army of young hero-worshippers
of this nation. Zarakov was captain of Harvard baseball
team and if the readers of sporting events recall, he won
the game for Harvard in the final with Yale, when, with
two men out, and the score a tie, he knocked a home run
in the ninth inning. Sounds like a real Horatio Alger
story. lie was also a member of the Harvard football
team. One thing that always commended this young man
to me was that during his college career he remained a
Jew. His head wasn't turned by the honors that were
heaped upon hint and he received more than any other
Jewish boy in a generation. Ile even made the famous
Dickie fraternity. Ile was also a member of the Jewish
fraternity Zet Beta Tau. Iszy Zarakov has the right stuff
in hint to make him an ideal leader of boys, from a moral,
mental and physical standpoint.
I was very much interested in reading the Rev. Joseph
Fort Newton's review of Rabbi Ahha Silver's new book.
"Messianic Speculations in Israel," which appears in the
January McCall's. To begin with, Dr. Newton is one of
the foremost Christian ministers in this country and one
who is recognized for his liberal views. Dr. Newton pays
a deservedly high tribute to Dr. Silver as "one of the
most brilliant of the younger Jewish preachers in Amer-
ica." To my mind he is not only one of the most brilliant
of the "younger" Jewish preachers, but of all.
Dr. Newton selects this statement from Dr. Silver's
book, that is very well worth many moments of thought
by even those who hurriedly read this column:
"As we grow older," says Rabbi Silver, "two
dangers confront us. The first is that with the gath-
ering of years, our habits accumulate and begin to
burden us. We halt. The past masters us. The
second danger lies in disressardinsr our past, in let-
ting the years depart without exacting a blessing
from them both. Both are dangers of dire import
as we see in pathology in which these perils become
maladies. One man is monopolized by memory, an-
other has lost his memory entirely.
Theodor Fritsch, the German anti-Semitic leader, who
was Henry Ford's messenger boy in distributing the book,
"International Jew," was sentenced to serve three days'
imprisonment as a result of accusations made against him
by the Central Union of German Citizens of Jew,sh Faith.
Mr. Fritsch was asked by Mr. Ford to discontinue the dis-
tribution of the book and Mr. Fritsch said that he would
"under certain conditions." Surely the noble-minded Jew-
baiter isn't thinking of money!
A reader in Philadelphia sends me a letter he received
from the Salvation Squad to Rescue the Souls of Jews
from Hell. That's not the exact name, but in substance
that's what Charles Wiesenberg means when he seeks to
bring his "Dear Hebrew Friend" to Christianity. Mr.
Wiesenberg is greatly troubled about the Jews. Ile sees the
whole structure of Judaism toppling with the Jews buried
underneath. So he wants them to come to Jesus. That's
the only hope. Unfortunately. up to date, we have had
no positive evidence that costing to Jesus really spells
salvation. And judging by the attitude of most Christians
toward life, they seem to have their doubts too. The other
day I mentioned to a Christian minister my belief that if a
man tried to live a Christian life he would probably be
jailed for being a dangerous crank. In the meantime we
shall have to bear patiently with misguided fanatics like
brother Wiesenberg. And while he is waiting for the
Jews to come to Jesus, he might employ his time to con-
vert the Gentiles to Christianity.
Chanukah in this country is getting such severe com-
petition from an ever increasing commercialization of
Christmas that it's a wonder that it has been able to re-
tain its vitality. But despite the nation-wide Christmas
orgy that holds the interest of Jew as well as Christian,
the Festival of Lights, commemorating the Maccabean
heroism, is still able to get considerable attention in Jew-
ish homes.
-
-
If I were asked to name the future lay-leader of
American Jewry I would unhesitatingly select Roger W.
Straus, president of the National Federation of Temple
Brotherhoods. Ile is the son of the late Oscar Straus and
son-in-law of Daniel Guggenheim. I give this family in-
formation advisedly because I regret to say that most of
our young men so well circumstanced financially and so-
cially are not to be found interesting themselves in the
religious life of Jewry. They are affiliated with the phi-
lanthropic activities, but after all is said and done, unless
we nourish our spiritual heritage the rest means very
little Jewishly speaking. Mr. Straus is an exceedingly
modest young man who is not much of an advertiser, but
his influence is far more reaching in a constructive way
than those whose names are constantly being spotlighted
in the daily and Jewish press.
It seems that the Jewish Tribune has made a national
canvass to discover which Jew, by reason of his services
to American life has done most to deserve a statue and
the late Oscar Straus has been chosen. There is no one
who deserves this more than the distinguished statesman
mentioned. The late Oscar Straus was held in high es-
teem by several Presidents because of his character and
ability. Ile was the first Jew to be a member of a Presi-
dent's cabinet. In every situation, national and interna-
tional, in which he was asked to serve by his government
he acquitted himself in a most distinguished manner.
I trust that I may he forgiven if I register amusement
at the attitude assumed by the New York Jewish news-
papers in relation to national Jewish life. They seem to
think that if they select the hundred most notable Jews
that the matter has been definitely settled. If they choose
the ten greatest Jews there is no appeal from their de-
cision. Even in the matter of the Tribune making • na-
tional canvass, it is taking a lot for granted. It is typi-
cally New York to feel its own pulse and if its own
pulse is right then the pulse of the nation must he right.
Not only the press but the leaders of New York Jewry
always look upon every community outside of New York
as a tail to their kite. That must be what our friend
Freud calls the "superiority complex." The East politi-
cally speaking is beginning to understand that there is
a West_ Some of these days our New York friends will
wake up and discover that there are newspapers and
leaders outside as powerful and in some instances more
powerful than those to be found on the island of Man-
hattan.
The Merry-Go-Round
Dusk and snow have always
been favorite themes with poets.
In the following poem De Witt ac-
complishes a very deft fancy in
four lines.
GHETTO-SNOW
Because I hate the roofs that blot
the skies,
Because alone I cannot tear
them down;
Because I cannot hide them from
my eyes,
I wait for snow to fall upon the
town.
• • •
Eminent Jews.
Anti-Semitic Jews.
' "Broad-minded" people who re-
sent discrimination against them-
selves and their own people but
think all other peoples should be
"kept in their place."
Social visits that consist of 30
minutes of conversation about
"business conditions" (for the
ton I, the same 130 minutes of try.
ing on one another's hats and dis-
cussing the latest bargains (for the
women) and then to bridge, bunco
or what have you-"a good time
was had by all"-maybe!
. • •
The Whole Art of Publicity.
While we're erecting monu-
ments to eminent American Jews,
let us not forget-
The humble storekeeper who
has made his contribution (and
not a small one either) to the
charities every year for many
years and yet has never sought
chairmanships or testimonials.
- The lady of the women's auxil-
iary who has wrapped up 957,1182
sandwiches, baked 67,549 pies,
given away 27 carloads of old
clothes (not so very old) and
sewed 51,753 dresses and things
for the poor, yet has never seen
her picture in the paper.
Also the Jew who is content to
be just a Jew without being
"proud of it" into the bargain.
• • •
Miseries of Human Life.
Picking up a cinder in your shoe;
then walking bravely in the hope
that it will soon relieve you by pul-
verizing-Which, God knows, it nev-
er does.
Another item that could well he
included among the Miseries is the
publicity story submitted by the
"chairman of the publicity commit-
tee" when said story contains a
long glowing account of the "won.
derful work we are doine-BUT
fails to supply such superfluous in-
formation as the name of the so-
ciety and the place and time of the
meeting. Also other publicity stns.
ies that contain a great many
names-all of them mis-spelled.
If I may be permitted to turn the
Merry-Co-Round into a class in the
art of press agentry just once, I
would like to suggest that a good
publicity story should contain at
least tilt SC things-the name of the
society, a short account of the meet-
ing, an announcement of the next
event, the name of the person or
persons in charge of the arrange-
ments (correctly spelled) and the
date and place of the next meeting.
And it should be brief, for brevity
is not only the soul of wit; it is also
the editor's delight.
re;
'ASK THE RABBI
A
Sheaf of Sheilas
By RABBI LEON FRAM,
Director of Religious Education, Temple Beth El.
1. What is the "Awakening
Magyars?"
2. What was the "Black Hun-
dred?"
3. What is the numerus clausus?
4. Who has brought the nu-
merns clausus before the League
of Nations?
6. What American university
recently contemplated introducing
the numerus clausus?
6. What was the chief study In
Harvard University at the time of
its founding?
7. What is the Ica?
8. What is the Pica?
9. What is the Ort?
10. What is the Hies?
11. What is the J. D. C.?
12. What is the U. P. A.?
13. What Jews are there on the
chief governing body of Soviet
Russia?
14. Does Soviet Russia prohibit
religious worship?
15. What great Jewish relief
organization is receiving co-opera.
tion from the Soviet government?
16. Who is Mordecai Kaplan?
17. Who is Solomon Goldman?
18. What is the original mean-
ing of the word Iladassah?
19. What great character in the
Bible bore the name Hadassah?
20. What is the Hadassah So-
ciety?
(Answers on last page.)
Tells Story of Penny Luncheons
In the Schools of Eretz Israel
By EYE-WITNESS
The day following the opening of
the school luncheons at the Lemmel
school in Jerusalem was a very
busy and active one. The four girls
in charge of the kitchen, who were
neatly dressed in white cooking
aprons and caps, were very anx-
ious that the meal they were pre-
paring should even exceed the ex-
pectations of their cooking instruc-
tor, and of the girls who would
partake of it.
The average Palestinian kitchen
is a dismal affair. It is difficult for
the housewife to keep it neat and
clean, for the "primus," the oil
cooking stove that is used, is very
smoky. The kitchen at the school,
however, presented a delightful
contrast.
It was spotlessly clean. The
center zinc covered table on which
the girls had prepared their vege-
tables and fruits in the morning,
was washed and ready for serving
during the meal. The huge pots
that held the day's rations were on
stand under which there were three
and four-burner primuses. These
primuses were of polished brass
and shown brightly.
A little girl was stirring the
vegetable pot. The savor and odor
that filled the room when she lifted
the large cover, really induced my
appetite. I glanced toward the
window and noticed that I wasn't
the only one A little freckle faced,
red-headed girl, pressed her nose
hard against the window screen in
an effort to "get a look" to see
what the day's menu would be.
It was but half an hour before
mealtime. Everything was pre-
pared. Because of the efficient man-
ner i n which the work was ar-
ranged, there was no delay what-
soever, and the children would he
served at the precise moment that
they were scheduled to enter.
Two of the girls had accom-
panied the cooking instructress on
her marketing trip early in the
morning. They are taught, she
told me, to take best advantage of
the vegetables in season, and how
to select them. The girls in the
three highest grades are given the
cooking courses. The younger of
these are taught only "what" foods
should he used for body growing
strong. The older ones are:taught
how to prepare a balanced meal
that should contain the proper food
elements.
Three-course luncheons are
served. Soup, a vegetable dish,
and fruit. Today the soup con-
tained beans, kusa (vegetable mar-
row), carrots, onions, barley and
dumplings made of flour and the
white of eggs; a vegetable stew of
tomatoes and egg plant; and a fruit
dish of tapioca, apples and apri-
cots.
I was informed that the four
girls working in the kitchen were
only half of the group in charge of
the luncheon for the day. The other
fcur were busily engaged proper-
ire the dining room; setting the
tables. and so on. Before leaving
5555 w5 ew5e55 .0
the kitchen, I glanced at the cup-
boards. One contained the pots and
kitchen utensils. Those that had
been used in the morning in the
process of the preparation of the
meal were already washed and
hung neatly in their customary
places in the cupboard. All was
immaculately clean. There was an-
other cupboard in the other corner
of the room that was fitted after
the fashion of the American Hoover
chests. Here I was surprised to
see that the tins or "pachs" in
which illuminating oil is sold were
put to use that I had not seen be-
fore. They had been cut shorter,
covers had been prepared for them,
and they were being used as con-
tainers for all kinds of cereals, bar-
ley, beans, rice, etc. They were
neatly marked less Hebrew as to
their contents.
I entered the dining room. The
long oilcloth covered tables were
set. The plates, cutlery, napkins
were arranged properly. The bread
(only whole wheat bread is used)
was placed on white bread trays
and covered with paper napkins.
The girls explained to me that
there are not any flies, since the
windows are screened, which is a
rare thing in Palestine, but the
bread is covered in order to pro-
tect it from dust.
The hell rang. I knew it was time
for the children to come in to cat,
and I stepped aside to where I
could see them all as they entered.
They came in in a very orderly
fashion. Their hands had already
been washed, so they took Owl -
places immediately. There were
blond-haired and blue-eyed little
girls; brunettes, and a number of
Sephardic and Yemenite children.
I wondered how difficult it was
for these little girls to learn to eat
properly with their table cutlery.
Our American children are ReCtl , -
toryud it to it from childhood, but
some of these youngsters who have
never seen forks and knives used
must think it quite strange.
The cooking instructor invited me
to taste the food. I tasted the soup
that had been prepared of carrots,
potatoes, onions, milk, parsley and
egg dumplings. Truly it was just
as delicious as it looked.
The girls of the cooking class in
the Old City are younger than the
others, since the school goes up only-
to the sixth grade. Because of that
I was surprised that things turned
out so beautifully, and told the in-
structor so. "It doesn't matter a
bit that they are younger. They
are very reliable, and eager and
quick to learn. They wash their
hands and nails meticulously with a
brush as soon as they come in and
would not begin working until 1
say they are clean enough. Before
going to classes, they repeat the
process."
"What do you do with the food
that is left?" I asked.
"We never have any left," was
the answer.
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