America Parish periodical Carter
CLIFTON AVENUI • CINCINNATI 20, OHIO
PAGE FIVE
TIEV61 Korr
GOV. LEN TELLS
OF NSAS COURT
0 GIN AND WORK
(Conti I from Page One.)
essenti nilustr•, have been given
an
nu consul Pion, and after the award
Is agreed oil through this process
f partisa iterests, there is no guar-
o
antee
that c decision will be carried
out or th the award contains int-
partial ju C. Therefore, the Kan-
sas court s set up in its place the
theory of martial adjudication, un-
der a co of judges who have no
interest h lie controversy save the
int 0 entice and whose deci ion
i n nos
backed v the authority of right-
is
eous
and martial goverment.
Mora rinciples Must Exist,
principles do not exist it
JOT
ican stitutions for their exten-
1 to et this emergency, then
: 6
istitutions have failed and
t be obliged to admit
suit
gme rim
no power to protect the
that it h
the quarrels of classes
public fr
Iir to decide justly upon
•
and no P
of employers and un-
the quart
plow.
No mat who believes in govern-
s for a moment that it
ment bell
less power to find justice
s hould ha of circumstances than it
for this s
the other problems that
has to sol
icfore it demanding im-
have coin
partial adj ication.
11 conscious of the fact
We are
that there as been growing up in
an un-American class
this con
conscious is that a minority, which
has a mon oly upon the production
of an nissn ial commodity, may, by
d e priving • public of that commod-
ity, coenethe government and the
public aid sin a victory by bringing
its orgaliztl solidarity to bear upon
the helprsi public.
Thirty fist or forty years ago the
strike vz,s tot the deadly thing it is
today. I amilk strike came on, you
could harm milk from some neigh-
bor who kipt a cow. If a packers'
strike arivid, there were plenty of
people ono were still putting up their
own mct.If there was a strike in
the coal Dile, it did not mean a fuel
famine, her was still plenty of in-
dividual mining. l'rivate endeavor
had not het succumbed to giant cor-
porations her the purpose of obtain-
ing a mootoly in the production of
the essenial commodities. Gradually,
the entire system of production, man-
' ufacturne, transportation and distri-
bution heane knit into a machine.
Sow, whit one part of the machine
ceases tc ftnction, its far-flung sys-
tem brests down everywhere. The
public, tlerefore, is at the mercy of
the system, and the need for an im-
great in his day as any need of past
days wh:h presented the necessity
partial atjuilication of the strife that
threatenstht public is apparent. The
need tha government should put a
stop to ndustrial strife is just as
that govrnsient must stop the other
forms of ;trite.
Growth of Courts.
We ham done away with every
other pritate quarrel. Centuries ago
the guags of battle was removed and
civil courts established, Later, prop-
erty courts, domestic courts, criminal
courts—all it answer to the demand
of society's tvolution—took their prop-
er places in government.
Under the general welfare clauses
of the constitution, government reg-
ulates the citizen from the day of his
birth to the day of his burial and does
it all for tie common welfare.
It prescribes the qualifications of
the doctor and the nurse who usher
the citizen into life and regulates the
undertaker who buries him in the
cemetery is which his ashes are laid
to rest. Walking or sleeping, alone
or in company, in crowded streets or
on lovely by-ways, the government is
there with its pledge of protection to
life, property, health, morals, comforts
and conveniences. It takes and de-
stroys property for public welfare; it
regulates smoke nuisances and mill
whistles; it stops great ocean liners
to determine the moral or physical
fitness of passengers; it regulates the
railroads. There is no relationship so
sacred as to be exempt.
It reguistes the relations of the hus-
band and the wife. The most sacred
relation in the world is that of the
parent and the child, and yet govern-
ment says to the parent you shall
raise your child according to a pro-
gram prescribed by the law. You
shall keep it living in moral surround-
ings and buy it certain books and
build it certain school houses and em-
ploy it teachers and, in my state,
thank God, it says, no matter how
much you may think you need the
labor of the child, you shall keep it
in the schools until it has completed
the course of education prescribed by
the state and shall not allow' it to
label in factories or in mills until it
is It years of age.
l'nder certain circumstances it lays
its hand upon any citizen, takes hint
before a court of justice, and a judge
shall say whether the citizen is to
have back his liberty or be confined
A behind prison bars.
May Regulate Industry.
public may be subjected to that dan-
gerous and murderous thing called
"economic pressure." It says no inure
to them than it says to the institutions
of employment. It forbids these in-
dustries to lockout and declares that
they shall not close down for any pur-
pose to affect a wage controversy or
to increase the price of their com-
modity; that they shall keep running
with reasonable continuity, in order
that the public may not be deprived
of the commodity upon which it de-
pends for its welfare. This feature
of the law is founded upon the oldest
principle in organized human society,
a principle which constituted one of
the 12 laws inscribed upon the Roman
tablets—"salus populi suprema lex
esto"---let the safety of the public he
the supreme law.
Removing Strike Weapon.
Gompers said to me in New York.
"You have taken away from the labor-
ing man the only weapon lie had—the
weapon of the strike"
I contend that it is an adequate an-
swer to say that in every reasonable
and honorable controversy we have
given to the laboring man the only
safe and dependable weapon he ever
had—the weapon of impartial Justice
under the responsible government
which he himself helps to create.
I fully agree that any law, which
attempted to take away from labor its
right to strike, without giving to labor
adequate protection, would be going
backward. I believe that the whole
history of human progress is a history
of the better condition of the men who
labor. Because we must maintain this
steady progress. the need of protect-
ing labor against the radicalism of
some of its own class, of protecting it
against the greed of employers, of
protecting employers against the un-
reasoning demands of radicalism and
of protecting the public against the
cruel indifference of the makers of
these quarrels, we have arrived at the
period when government provides the
only strength through which in jus-
tice we may have this protection.
When you read the history of the
use which labor has made of its strike
weapon, it is not difficult to reach this
conclusion. Last year there were
more than 6,000 strikes in the United
States, and the loss which these
strikes brought to the strikers, to the
producers, to the consumers and that
other equally great loss which results
front the let down of industries not in
the strike—when you count it all, the
toll was equal to the cost of the war.
In Kansas in the coal district you
have only to read the record of the
strikes to realize that it is a weapon
which destroys not only those for
whom it was intended, but those in
whose behalf it is invoked. In the 45
months which preceded the passage of
the Court of Industrial Relations'
law, the miners used the strike weapon
705 times. There were 705 strikes in
individual mines, an average of more
than 15 strikes a month for the period,
and all these strikes gained for the
strikers the sum total of $852.83, and
they cost the miners, in loss of wages,
$3,866,780.34. Last year alone these
poor miners paid out of their own
pockets for strike benefits and other
costs of maintaining Ilowat's war de-
partment, the enormous sum of $157,-
000.
Surely government may do better
than that for men whose welfare de-
pends upon their labor.
Danger to Union i zation?
Much has been said about the dan-
ger of this law to the future of labor
unionization. It is my belief that the
law will help the spirit of unioniza-
tion. It holds, in the first place, that
the best basis of industrial peace is
that which is conditioned upon collec-
tive bargaining, and enc.ourages the
widest possible exercise of conciliation
and arbitration, but when employers
a nd employes have failed to reach ant
The Kansas court contemplates all
indicated by this incident.
The Kansas Court of Industrial Re- of the program laid down in the Sec-
ond
Industrial Conference. It en-
lations Law has been in force since
last February. It has rendered 14 courages conciliation and arbitration
between
contending parties, but when
decisions in causes brought by the
representatives of organized labor, conciliation and arbitration fail, then,
instead
of
leaving the controversy
and 9cery one of these decisions, ex-
to public sentiment, as the industrial
cept one, which has been appended
conference would do, it leaves the
to the federal court, has been accepted
controversy to a court of justice
as satisfactory both by labor and by
capital. There have been two cases which has power to decide it.
It realizes that social justice' is the
brought by employing capital, in
best insurance against social unrest
which the decision of the court has
and its hope is that through the in-
been accepted by labor and the gen-
troduction of its just balance it will
eral public.
bring all men to a new realization of
In spite of the fact that every de-
the pride which should he in the craft
cision of the court has indicated its
of a good workman.
capacity to serve and its disposition
We need to conic to the realization
to render exact and impartial justice,
in this country that increasing wages
every union labor leader is fighting
and decreasing production intensifies
the law and urging other slates that
misery and suffering and brings disas-
are now considering the law not to
ter to every human individual.
adopt it. In my state, during the last
Limitation of production enriches
election, they united with all the radi- nobody, but impoverishes everybody.
cal forces, and men who had not even
When restricted production in-
re ad the law went about condemning creases the price of necessaries, the
it and misrepresenting it.
great sufferers are the wage earners.
1A'lly don't they give it a fair and for they are also grat consumers.
hottest trial?
The profiteer does not create
Why do labor leaders devote their scarcity—scarcity creates the profiteer.
hatred to it? Why does Gompers
No readjustment of either prices or
take money from the fund which is wages can meet or improve the situ-
his trust to hire men to go over the ation when the fundamental cause is
country misrepresenting it?
the insufficiency of production to
Unions Foster Disturbers.
satisfy the effective demand
I'll tell you why—it is because these
labor leaders realize that if govern-
ment may find justice for the em-
ploye in his controversy with his em-
ployer then there will no longer lie
any reason why laboring men should
1113 Jr331011 Corre.pondence 1131,6.1
pay out of their pockets every month
a share of their wages to keep going
SOLONICA—Since the annexation
a lot of soft-handed radicals who
make their living off the quarrels they of the new provinces, Greece numbers
foster between labor and its em- approximately 300,000 Jews, scattered
all over the kingdom, and represent-
ployers.
Two or three cases decided by the ing communities of greater or lesser
court illustrates its spirit and its importance. By far the largest num-
power of service. One of the first ber of Hellenic Jews are to he found
causes was brought by the carmen of in New Greece.
h
(6Licib gurititure
Judaism in Greece
the Pittsburgh, Galena & Joplin Rail-
road Company. There had been two
strikes in that railway company, one
in 1917 and one in 1918. The one in
1918 lasted 90 days, costing the strik-
ers many thousands of dollars, cost-
ing the community millions in loss of
transportation, and at the end of 90
days the strikers came back to work
at the old wage, having gained noth-
ing. When the court was set up,
these men brought their causes before
it, and the petition asked for a "liv-
ing wage." The presiding officer of
the court, in rendering the final de-
cision, called attention to the fact
that the legislature had not seen fit
to endow the court with the power to
grant a "living wage." The language
used by the legislature in creating the
court declared that the court should
grant to every laboring man a "fair
and just wage."
What's a living wage? It is a wage
sufficient to meet the cost of living.
A fair and just wage is a living
wage, plus enough to enable a labor-
ing man to give to himself and his
family sonic of the blessings of mod-
ern life, plus enough to enable hint
by reasonable frugality to build a
safeguard against sickness and old
age. So the court gave to these men
a fair and just wage.
The Railway Strikes.
And then the other crafts of this
railway company, taking the award
of the carmen as a basis, got together
with the proprietors of the road upon
an agreement for all the employes,
and peace reigns in a district where
before this there had been two de-
vastating strikes and there would
have been another one this winter but
for the court,
Out at Goodland, Kansas, the Rock
Island railroad employees in a car
shop had been trying for years to get
the Rock Island Railroad Company to
inclose the car repair shop. In 1905
I tt y la
a law . introduced in the
the court steps
and
oilers
impar-
agreement
and in
the
strike
threatens,5es
attire declaring that every rail-
bstitute
for
su
tial adjudication as the
road comjnany must inclose its repair
shops. %Viten the law came out of
The court also has the broad power
the hopper, having fallen victim to
to. go out into the laboring districts the clever manipulations of some
and study conditions and the prob-
find remedies railroad representative, it read that
le1115 which rise to
every railroad company might inclose
for the evils which exist, before these as
car repair shops. So for fifteen
evils have crystalized into discontent.
years more they continued to quarrel
It has power to affect living condi-
about the case. When the industrial
tions and all the other welfare condi-
court was set up the employees read
tions which are too often neglected.
in the law this great provision, "every
Lucie by employers and radical
such laboring man is entitled to a fair
leaders. It will soften the harsh spirit
ust wage and a wholesome and
ake every eaest-
healthful place in which to work.''
rn
I wish I could m
I his is the first time any parlia-
hearted American see some o
ment or legislative body in the world
spirit of so-called 'brotherhood" which has ever standardized the rights of
I encountered in the mining district of
labor in a succinct declaration like
my state. Two instances illustrate
that. And so the Rock Island em-
p.
essential
the utter lack of the
ployees brought their cause before
of brotherhood.
the industrial court under that great
While we were mining coal there
authorization. The industrial court
last winter a poor woman came to heard the case, and on the 31st day of
me, bearing all the sordid marks August, 1920, ordered the Rock
which hopeless poverty place upon a Island to inclose the car shops and
"I have spent the last ha
•
re , s i s i e .,,r.
it done by the first day of No-
•
life. She
from is y
file work is done, and a
doitlylartoltehlaldycl.o ,cBoyi troubles
C
" wrong is righted because
'Car old
band has been on a strike for six they
.' eJi court had the spirit to make a
doesn't even know what decision and the power to back its
neon1..
the strike is about. 11'e have been word.
keeping the family together and the
The court discovered that there had
children in school on strike benefits grown Op in the Pittsburg district a
of $8.00 a week. We were sin poor that greedy practice of discounting a
o
when your volunteers came down t
I man's wages ten per cent if he drew
the Italiana mine near my house
his pay before pay day. Under the
went down there to see if I couldn't law pay day is once every two weeks,
get sonic washing and mending from but if a miner had worked a week
those boys. I brought home a nice and could not wait until pay day for
lot of work, but last night a commit- his money he could go to the oper-
tee from my husband's own union ator and collect his pay a week in
called upon me and told me that I advance and the operator discounted
was not to do that work and was his pay ten per cent—that is, he
not to go back to that mine."
charged him ten per cent for the use
Surely , surely, government may of the money for a week, a rate of
foster a better spirit of brotherhood five hundred and twenty per cent per
annum .
than that.
This greedy practice had prevailed
Spirit of Brotherhood.
They had a hospital in Pittsburgh. in that district for twenty-five years
'melded out of the pride of the com- and 110 miner's official had ever pro-
munity by popular subscription. It tested against it. When it came to
was full of sick people. When I had the attention of the court, the court
been there a few' days two miners wiped it out in eigheen minutes.
Founded on Arbitration Principle.
called upon me and said they had
been supplying the hospital with coal
Sonic men who have not read the
out of a small shaft, but requested me law compare it to the courts of Aus-
to supply thent with coal in the future. tralia and New Zealand. The Aus-
When I declined. they said "unless tralian and New Zealand courts are
you give. us coal there'll be no fuel founded upon the principle of arbitra-
for the hospital, because our leaders tion. They exist very largely for the
have warned us this morning not to purpose of enforcing the awards of
produce another pound of coal for arbitration: They are open only to
the hospital. If you don't give it to chartered unions and any man may
as there will be death in the hospital appeal from that procedure to parlia-
by tomorrow' night as the result of ment. The awards of the court are
no fuel." So allowed them to drive limited to fines, which must be col-
their trucks to one of the mines the lected in civil courts.
The Kansas court exists primarily
state was operating and for three days
we mined the coal and they hauled for the purpose of protecting the pub-
it. On the fourth day, these men came lic. Its appeal is to the supreme
hack and asked if I wouldn't haul the court of the state. Its penalties con-
coal. They said, "the truckmen have sist tenth of imprisonment and fines
gone upon a sympathetic strike"" and and the court is open alike to organ-
that nobody in Pittsburgh dared izedand unorganized labor, to a
touch a pound of coal. The hos- complaint from the public or from
pital was full of union miners and the employers.
A distinguished member of the
their families, and unless I consented
to haul the coal there would be death President's Second Industrial Con-
ference
not long ago in a very able
there So for several weeks we
the Kansas
mined the fuel and hauled it to the discussion compared
effort
to
the program of the indus-
hospital and kept a lot of union
trial conference and preferred the
miners alive on scab coal.
overnment may do all this, if it
ass upon the sacred relations
husband and the wife. of the
and the child, if it may pass
to life and liberty of the citizen,
e any reason for presuming that
justice
5 111-rnment may not also in
or the laboring man n his con-
troversy with his employer?
Samuel Gompers, in denouncing the
Kansas law recently, said, "the Kansas
law takes away a man's ownership in
himself and makes him a slave to his
employer."
I think that the most frequently re-
iterated statement of the labor lead-
us touching this law is that it takes
away from a man his "God given right
to quit work."
The law says, "nothing in this act
shall be construed as restricting the
right of any individual employee, en-
gaged in the operation of any such in-
dustry, employment, public utility or
common carrier, to quit his employ-
ment at any time."
Is a man who has that right a slave?
I have always supposed that a slave
could not quit his work without the
ransent of his master. This law says
that any man may quit any time he
chooses or any group of nun may
quit, but, after they have ceased their
employment, they shall not come back
with their pockets full of dynamite in
order to prevent those who wish to
continue on the job from working.
The law holds that the right to work
is just as sacred as the right to quit
work and that it is the duty of gov-
ernment to protect both men in their
natural inclinations as to whether they
wish to work or loaf. The law at-
tempts to place no restrictions upon
the individual freedom of mien in their
employment, but it does say that no
elan, working in an essential indus-
Surely government may foster a
try, shall conspire for the purpose of
shutting down an industry so that the better spirit of brotherhood than is
410
ceso
Ile.
Salonica, • Jewish Town.
The largest and best organized Jew-
ish community, having numerous Jew-
ish institutions, is that of Salonica,
which stands at the head of Hellenic
Judaism.
Salonica has always had, and still
retains to some extent, the character
of a Jewish town. Unfortunately.
however, this distinct character which
has been for several years one of the
peculiarities of Salonica, bids fair to
disappear.
One must look to the government
for the cause of this change, butt one
is not to conclude therefrom that it is
a question here of any systematic
anti-Semitic action. Anti-Semitism is
non-existent in Greece. In fact the
Jews enjoy in Greece all rights—civil,
political and religious. But, prompted
by a narrow and exaggerated na-
tionalism, the Government tactily and
the officials openly use every en-
deavor to change the Jewish character
of Salonica as speedily as possible.
The terrible fire of August 18th,
1917, which devastated the most close-
ly' populated Jewish quarters together
with their schools and synagogues, of-
fered an excellent opportunity in that
direction. With all haste a decree was
issued for the expropriation of the land
in order to enable them to carry out
their project so fatal to our com-
munity.
However, that vitality of our people
which has always accomplished such
wonders did not fail in this instance
either. Thanks to the esprit de corps
and energy which ever was a char-
acteristic of the Salonican Jew, our
community shows signs of recovering
from the disaster.
No Assimilation in Greece.
Almost all Jews of Greece are at-
tached to Judaism, either by religious
or nationalist ties. Assimilants, after
the notion of the westerners, do not
exist here. We are in the habit of
charging with assimilationist tenden-
cies those, who, having been educated
at non-Jewish schools, take no active
interest in the problems agitating
Judaism all the world over, and do not
care for its preservation. Of con-
vinced assimilants there are here but
an inlinitetesimal minority, quite a
ncgligable quantity. The international
communists, of course, do not enter
into account here. In Greece, as else-
where in the east. there are no mixed
marriages.
Zionism in Greece.
Zionism has found here a most
fruitful soil for its propagation, thanks
to the victories carried off during the
last few years by the Nationalist
movement. Zionism has enlisted in
its cause all sections of Hellenic
Jewry, with the exception of the ir-
reconcilable Socialists. All those bour-
geons who had fought shy of Zionism
and who had even openly taken up
a hostile attitude towards it, have now
enrolled themselves smiler its banner
almost en bloc.
Out of a total population of 180,000
inhabitants, Salonica has 80,000 Jews.
The Salonica Jew always distinguishes
himself by his practical sense, his en-
ergy. intelligence and his honesty in
all commercial transactions. The Jews
of Salonica occupy a foremost posi-
tion in the trade of the city.
The community is able to boast of
a great number of philanthropic in-
stitutions; it has a model hospital, a
lunatic asylum, a dispensary, a biker
!milli), two institutions for the dis-
tribution of meals to needy students,
two Mutual-Help Societies, Zionist
centers. sporting clubs. etc.
An Interior
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Warren and Riopelle
Telephone Melrose 1320
Open Saturday Afternoon
via Woodward
By automobile,
Avenue, east on Warren Avenue to
Riopelle Street.
By street car, via Woodward Ayenue
and Crosstown cars, east to Riopelle
Street, then walk two blocks north.
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PLEAD AT COLUMBIA PALESTINE FRONTIERS SALONIKI JEWS
DISAPPOINT "TIMES" COMPLAIN OF CHICANERY
Rabbi Whir and Miss May Tell Eu•
ropean Students' Plight.
LONDON—Commenting on the
agreement arrived at between the Brit-
NEW YORK—Appeals for relief ish and French governments regard-
for Jewish students and teachers in ing the Palestine frontiers, the "Times"
Central Europe were made at a mass expresses disappointment at the fact
meeting of the Columbia University that the eastern half of Galilee and
Jewish Relief Council in University other portions have been excluded
Hall last week by Rabbi Stephen S. front its territory. The "Times"
Wise and Miss Irma May, fiancee of states that the mandate which is now
Dr. Bernard Cantor of Columbia,
already at Geneva, speaks of the his-
when he was killed last summer while toric claims Jews have on Palestine
on relief work in the Ukraine.
and recognizes the authority of the
Dr. Wise said he wished Inc could
Zionist Organization.
appeal for all classes of student in
Central Europe, but asserted that the
position of the Jewish students was
worst of all. bliss May said that the
hatred for Jews in some parts of Cen-
tral Europe was greater than ever.
LONDON—According to a report
No students were now admitted to
the universities of Poland. Galicia and appearing in the "Daily Herald." Gen-
erals
Wrangel and Shkouro have re-
Hungary, she said, and Jewish pro-
fessors were being expelled from the nounced the titles with which Eng-
land
had
honored them because of the
universities of l'oland.
A committee was appointed to ob- dishonor which Britain has brought
upon
herself
by the negotiations with
tain subscriptions for a proposed re-
the Bolsheviki.
lief fund of $10,000.
RUSSIAN GENERALS
SPURN BRITISH HONORS
rfr
SALONIKI—It became known in
the recent elections, in which Veni-
zelos' part suffered a severe defeat,
Saloniki Jews were subjected to all
sorts of chicanery. The police of the
city, aiding with Venizelos, refused to
let the Jews enter the polling places
and many voters or would-be, voices
were compelled to hide in their homes
for fear of severe reprisals.
At a public meeting held by the
Jews of this city and largely attended
particularly by business men anti
other citizens of prominence, a reso-
lution was adopted calling upon the
new government to order a strict in-
vestigation of V e illegal conduct of
the Saloniki police, with the view of
punishing the guilty. The charge has
also been missile that special election
district, wort arranged in the city
for Jets voters so as to enable the
electi n officials to find out how the
Jew: ,, , voters have cast their ballots.
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(Continued From Page 1.)
of a living people, Rabbi Baroway
said.
Speaker Answers Queries.
Rabbi Baroway asked his audience
that they interrupt him even in the
middle of a sentence whenever they
had any questions to ask, and a great
many in the audience took advantage
of the opportunity to ask a great
many things about Palestine that were
vague in their minds. Especially in-
cresting were the questions asked and
answered concerning the medical
problems in Palestine. Rabbi Baro-
way outlined the many diseases preva-
lent in the Holy Land, and pointed
out that they can be easily eradi-
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engaged or contemplate taking the step--a charge account will tide
you over the "ring stage." Gorgeous solitalre—perfect cut—blue white
diamonds set In the newest Innovations in exquisite Platinum mount-
ings.
I give these to you with my
compliments
cated.
Before coming to Detroit.
Rabbi
Baroway addressed the University of
Michigan chapter of the Intercolle-
giate Zionist Association at Ann Ar-
bor Sunday evening. While in Detroit,
he was the guest of Rabbi and Mrs.
.A. NI. If ershtnan. Rabbi Baroway is
to visit a number of other colleges
and universities to address chapters
of the I. Z. A.
Among the men booked to address
future meetings of the local I. Z. A.
are Rabbi Rudolph Lupo of Flint,
Prof I. Leo Sharfman of the Univer-
latter because it does not go so far sity of Michigan and a number of
others of national importance.
as the Kansas court.
(Sugar)
Your
Credit's
Good
A genuine cut glass Creamer and Sugar made to re-
tail at $2.50. give them away FREE to everyone
whose purchase is I10.00 or more.
Creamer)
Have
It
Charged
EHRLICH BUILDING, Adams and Hastings
Not in the "High-Rent" District.