America Parish periodical Carter CLIFTON AVENUI • CINCINNATI 20, OHIO PAGE FIVE TIEV61 Korr GOV. LEN TELLS OF NSAS COURT 0 GIN AND WORK (Conti I from Page One.) essenti nilustr•, have been given an nu consul Pion, and after the award Is agreed oil through this process f partisa iterests, there is no guar- o antee that c decision will be carried out or th the award contains int- partial ju C. Therefore, the Kan- sas court s set up in its place the theory of martial adjudication, un- der a co of judges who have no interest h lie controversy save the int 0 entice and whose deci ion i n nos backed v the authority of right- is eous and martial goverment. Mora rinciples Must Exist, principles do not exist it JOT ican stitutions for their exten- 1 to et this emergency, then : 6 istitutions have failed and t be obliged to admit suit gme rim no power to protect the that it h the quarrels of classes public fr Iir to decide justly upon • and no P of employers and un- the quart plow. No mat who believes in govern- s for a moment that it ment bell less power to find justice s hould ha of circumstances than it for this s the other problems that has to sol icfore it demanding im- have coin partial adj ication. 11 conscious of the fact We are that there as been growing up in an un-American class this con conscious is that a minority, which has a mon oly upon the production of an nissn ial commodity, may, by d e priving • public of that commod- ity, coenethe government and the public aid sin a victory by bringing its orgaliztl solidarity to bear upon the helprsi public. Thirty fist or forty years ago the strike vz,s tot the deadly thing it is today. I amilk strike came on, you could harm milk from some neigh- bor who kipt a cow. If a packers' strike arivid, there were plenty of people ono were still putting up their own mct.If there was a strike in the coal Dile, it did not mean a fuel famine, her was still plenty of in- dividual mining. l'rivate endeavor had not het succumbed to giant cor- porations her the purpose of obtain- ing a mootoly in the production of the essenial commodities. Gradually, the entire system of production, man- ' ufacturne, transportation and distri- bution heane knit into a machine. Sow, whit one part of the machine ceases tc ftnction, its far-flung sys- tem brests down everywhere. The public, tlerefore, is at the mercy of the system, and the need for an im- great in his day as any need of past days wh:h presented the necessity partial atjuilication of the strife that threatenstht public is apparent. The need tha government should put a stop to ndustrial strife is just as that govrnsient must stop the other forms of ;trite. Growth of Courts. We ham done away with every other pritate quarrel. Centuries ago the guags of battle was removed and civil courts established, Later, prop- erty courts, domestic courts, criminal courts—all it answer to the demand of society's tvolution—took their prop- er places in government. Under the general welfare clauses of the constitution, government reg- ulates the citizen from the day of his birth to the day of his burial and does it all for tie common welfare. It prescribes the qualifications of the doctor and the nurse who usher the citizen into life and regulates the undertaker who buries him in the cemetery is which his ashes are laid to rest. Walking or sleeping, alone or in company, in crowded streets or on lovely by-ways, the government is there with its pledge of protection to life, property, health, morals, comforts and conveniences. It takes and de- stroys property for public welfare; it regulates smoke nuisances and mill whistles; it stops great ocean liners to determine the moral or physical fitness of passengers; it regulates the railroads. There is no relationship so sacred as to be exempt. It reguistes the relations of the hus- band and the wife. The most sacred relation in the world is that of the parent and the child, and yet govern- ment says to the parent you shall raise your child according to a pro- gram prescribed by the law. You shall keep it living in moral surround- ings and buy it certain books and build it certain school houses and em- ploy it teachers and, in my state, thank God, it says, no matter how much you may think you need the labor of the child, you shall keep it in the schools until it has completed the course of education prescribed by the state and shall not allow' it to label in factories or in mills until it is It years of age. l'nder certain circumstances it lays its hand upon any citizen, takes hint before a court of justice, and a judge shall say whether the citizen is to have back his liberty or be confined A behind prison bars. May Regulate Industry. public may be subjected to that dan- gerous and murderous thing called "economic pressure." It says no inure to them than it says to the institutions of employment. It forbids these in- dustries to lockout and declares that they shall not close down for any pur- pose to affect a wage controversy or to increase the price of their com- modity; that they shall keep running with reasonable continuity, in order that the public may not be deprived of the commodity upon which it de- pends for its welfare. This feature of the law is founded upon the oldest principle in organized human society, a principle which constituted one of the 12 laws inscribed upon the Roman tablets—"salus populi suprema lex esto"---let the safety of the public he the supreme law. Removing Strike Weapon. Gompers said to me in New York. "You have taken away from the labor- ing man the only weapon lie had—the weapon of the strike" I contend that it is an adequate an- swer to say that in every reasonable and honorable controversy we have given to the laboring man the only safe and dependable weapon he ever had—the weapon of impartial Justice under the responsible government which he himself helps to create. I fully agree that any law, which attempted to take away from labor its right to strike, without giving to labor adequate protection, would be going backward. I believe that the whole history of human progress is a history of the better condition of the men who labor. Because we must maintain this steady progress. the need of protect- ing labor against the radicalism of some of its own class, of protecting it against the greed of employers, of protecting employers against the un- reasoning demands of radicalism and of protecting the public against the cruel indifference of the makers of these quarrels, we have arrived at the period when government provides the only strength through which in jus- tice we may have this protection. When you read the history of the use which labor has made of its strike weapon, it is not difficult to reach this conclusion. Last year there were more than 6,000 strikes in the United States, and the loss which these strikes brought to the strikers, to the producers, to the consumers and that other equally great loss which results front the let down of industries not in the strike—when you count it all, the toll was equal to the cost of the war. In Kansas in the coal district you have only to read the record of the strikes to realize that it is a weapon which destroys not only those for whom it was intended, but those in whose behalf it is invoked. In the 45 months which preceded the passage of the Court of Industrial Relations' law, the miners used the strike weapon 705 times. There were 705 strikes in individual mines, an average of more than 15 strikes a month for the period, and all these strikes gained for the strikers the sum total of $852.83, and they cost the miners, in loss of wages, $3,866,780.34. Last year alone these poor miners paid out of their own pockets for strike benefits and other costs of maintaining Ilowat's war de- partment, the enormous sum of $157,- 000. Surely government may do better than that for men whose welfare de- pends upon their labor. Danger to Union i zation? Much has been said about the dan- ger of this law to the future of labor unionization. It is my belief that the law will help the spirit of unioniza- tion. It holds, in the first place, that the best basis of industrial peace is that which is conditioned upon collec- tive bargaining, and enc.ourages the widest possible exercise of conciliation and arbitration, but when employers a nd employes have failed to reach ant The Kansas court contemplates all indicated by this incident. The Kansas Court of Industrial Re- of the program laid down in the Sec- ond Industrial Conference. It en- lations Law has been in force since last February. It has rendered 14 courages conciliation and arbitration between contending parties, but when decisions in causes brought by the representatives of organized labor, conciliation and arbitration fail, then, instead of leaving the controversy and 9cery one of these decisions, ex- to public sentiment, as the industrial cept one, which has been appended conference would do, it leaves the to the federal court, has been accepted controversy to a court of justice as satisfactory both by labor and by capital. There have been two cases which has power to decide it. It realizes that social justice' is the brought by employing capital, in best insurance against social unrest which the decision of the court has and its hope is that through the in- been accepted by labor and the gen- troduction of its just balance it will eral public. bring all men to a new realization of In spite of the fact that every de- the pride which should he in the craft cision of the court has indicated its of a good workman. capacity to serve and its disposition We need to conic to the realization to render exact and impartial justice, in this country that increasing wages every union labor leader is fighting and decreasing production intensifies the law and urging other slates that misery and suffering and brings disas- are now considering the law not to ter to every human individual. adopt it. In my state, during the last Limitation of production enriches election, they united with all the radi- nobody, but impoverishes everybody. cal forces, and men who had not even When restricted production in- re ad the law went about condemning creases the price of necessaries, the it and misrepresenting it. great sufferers are the wage earners. 1A'lly don't they give it a fair and for they are also grat consumers. hottest trial? The profiteer does not create Why do labor leaders devote their scarcity—scarcity creates the profiteer. hatred to it? Why does Gompers No readjustment of either prices or take money from the fund which is wages can meet or improve the situ- his trust to hire men to go over the ation when the fundamental cause is country misrepresenting it? the insufficiency of production to Unions Foster Disturbers. satisfy the effective demand I'll tell you why—it is because these labor leaders realize that if govern- ment may find justice for the em- ploye in his controversy with his em- ployer then there will no longer lie any reason why laboring men should 1113 Jr331011 Corre.pondence 1131,6.1 pay out of their pockets every month a share of their wages to keep going SOLONICA—Since the annexation a lot of soft-handed radicals who make their living off the quarrels they of the new provinces, Greece numbers foster between labor and its em- approximately 300,000 Jews, scattered all over the kingdom, and represent- ployers. Two or three cases decided by the ing communities of greater or lesser court illustrates its spirit and its importance. By far the largest num- power of service. One of the first ber of Hellenic Jews are to he found causes was brought by the carmen of in New Greece. h (6Licib gurititure Judaism in Greece the Pittsburgh, Galena & Joplin Rail- road Company. There had been two strikes in that railway company, one in 1917 and one in 1918. The one in 1918 lasted 90 days, costing the strik- ers many thousands of dollars, cost- ing the community millions in loss of transportation, and at the end of 90 days the strikers came back to work at the old wage, having gained noth- ing. When the court was set up, these men brought their causes before it, and the petition asked for a "liv- ing wage." The presiding officer of the court, in rendering the final de- cision, called attention to the fact that the legislature had not seen fit to endow the court with the power to grant a "living wage." The language used by the legislature in creating the court declared that the court should grant to every laboring man a "fair and just wage." What's a living wage? It is a wage sufficient to meet the cost of living. A fair and just wage is a living wage, plus enough to enable a labor- ing man to give to himself and his family sonic of the blessings of mod- ern life, plus enough to enable hint by reasonable frugality to build a safeguard against sickness and old age. So the court gave to these men a fair and just wage. The Railway Strikes. And then the other crafts of this railway company, taking the award of the carmen as a basis, got together with the proprietors of the road upon an agreement for all the employes, and peace reigns in a district where before this there had been two de- vastating strikes and there would have been another one this winter but for the court, Out at Goodland, Kansas, the Rock Island railroad employees in a car shop had been trying for years to get the Rock Island Railroad Company to inclose the car repair shop. In 1905 I tt y la a law . introduced in the the court steps and oilers impar- agreement and in the strike threatens,5es attire declaring that every rail- bstitute for su tial adjudication as the road comjnany must inclose its repair shops. %Viten the law came out of The court also has the broad power the hopper, having fallen victim to to. go out into the laboring districts the clever manipulations of some and study conditions and the prob- find remedies railroad representative, it read that le1115 which rise to every railroad company might inclose for the evils which exist, before these as car repair shops. So for fifteen evils have crystalized into discontent. years more they continued to quarrel It has power to affect living condi- about the case. When the industrial tions and all the other welfare condi- court was set up the employees read tions which are too often neglected. in the law this great provision, "every Lucie by employers and radical such laboring man is entitled to a fair leaders. It will soften the harsh spirit ust wage and a wholesome and ake every eaest- healthful place in which to work.'' rn I wish I could m I his is the first time any parlia- hearted American see some o ment or legislative body in the world spirit of so-called 'brotherhood" which has ever standardized the rights of I encountered in the mining district of labor in a succinct declaration like my state. Two instances illustrate that. And so the Rock Island em- p. essential the utter lack of the ployees brought their cause before of brotherhood. the industrial court under that great While we were mining coal there authorization. The industrial court last winter a poor woman came to heard the case, and on the 31st day of me, bearing all the sordid marks August, 1920, ordered the Rock which hopeless poverty place upon a Island to inclose the car shops and "I have spent the last ha • re , s i s i e .,,r. it done by the first day of No- • life. She from is y file work is done, and a doitlylartoltehlaldycl.o ,cBoyi troubles C " wrong is righted because 'Car old band has been on a strike for six they .' eJi court had the spirit to make a doesn't even know what decision and the power to back its neon1.. the strike is about. 11'e have been word. keeping the family together and the The court discovered that there had children in school on strike benefits grown Op in the Pittsburg district a of $8.00 a week. We were sin poor that greedy practice of discounting a o when your volunteers came down t I man's wages ten per cent if he drew the Italiana mine near my house his pay before pay day. Under the went down there to see if I couldn't law pay day is once every two weeks, get sonic washing and mending from but if a miner had worked a week those boys. I brought home a nice and could not wait until pay day for lot of work, but last night a commit- his money he could go to the oper- tee from my husband's own union ator and collect his pay a week in called upon me and told me that I advance and the operator discounted was not to do that work and was his pay ten per cent—that is, he not to go back to that mine." charged him ten per cent for the use Surely , surely, government may of the money for a week, a rate of foster a better spirit of brotherhood five hundred and twenty per cent per annum . than that. This greedy practice had prevailed Spirit of Brotherhood. They had a hospital in Pittsburgh. in that district for twenty-five years 'melded out of the pride of the com- and 110 miner's official had ever pro- munity by popular subscription. It tested against it. When it came to was full of sick people. When I had the attention of the court, the court been there a few' days two miners wiped it out in eigheen minutes. Founded on Arbitration Principle. called upon me and said they had been supplying the hospital with coal Sonic men who have not read the out of a small shaft, but requested me law compare it to the courts of Aus- to supply thent with coal in the future. tralia and New Zealand. The Aus- When I declined. they said "unless tralian and New Zealand courts are you give. us coal there'll be no fuel founded upon the principle of arbitra- for the hospital, because our leaders tion. They exist very largely for the have warned us this morning not to purpose of enforcing the awards of produce another pound of coal for arbitration: They are open only to the hospital. If you don't give it to chartered unions and any man may as there will be death in the hospital appeal from that procedure to parlia- by tomorrow' night as the result of ment. The awards of the court are no fuel." So allowed them to drive limited to fines, which must be col- their trucks to one of the mines the lected in civil courts. The Kansas court exists primarily state was operating and for three days we mined the coal and they hauled for the purpose of protecting the pub- it. On the fourth day, these men came lic. Its appeal is to the supreme hack and asked if I wouldn't haul the court of the state. Its penalties con- coal. They said, "the truckmen have sist tenth of imprisonment and fines gone upon a sympathetic strike"" and and the court is open alike to organ- that nobody in Pittsburgh dared izedand unorganized labor, to a touch a pound of coal. The hos- complaint from the public or from pital was full of union miners and the employers. A distinguished member of the their families, and unless I consented to haul the coal there would be death President's Second Industrial Con- ference not long ago in a very able there So for several weeks we the Kansas mined the fuel and hauled it to the discussion compared effort to the program of the indus- hospital and kept a lot of union trial conference and preferred the miners alive on scab coal. overnment may do all this, if it ass upon the sacred relations husband and the wife. of the and the child, if it may pass to life and liberty of the citizen, e any reason for presuming that justice 5 111-rnment may not also in or the laboring man n his con- troversy with his employer? Samuel Gompers, in denouncing the Kansas law recently, said, "the Kansas law takes away a man's ownership in himself and makes him a slave to his employer." I think that the most frequently re- iterated statement of the labor lead- us touching this law is that it takes away from a man his "God given right to quit work." The law says, "nothing in this act shall be construed as restricting the right of any individual employee, en- gaged in the operation of any such in- dustry, employment, public utility or common carrier, to quit his employ- ment at any time." Is a man who has that right a slave? I have always supposed that a slave could not quit his work without the ransent of his master. This law says that any man may quit any time he chooses or any group of nun may quit, but, after they have ceased their employment, they shall not come back with their pockets full of dynamite in order to prevent those who wish to continue on the job from working. The law holds that the right to work is just as sacred as the right to quit work and that it is the duty of gov- ernment to protect both men in their natural inclinations as to whether they wish to work or loaf. The law at- tempts to place no restrictions upon the individual freedom of mien in their employment, but it does say that no elan, working in an essential indus- Surely government may foster a try, shall conspire for the purpose of shutting down an industry so that the better spirit of brotherhood than is 410 ceso Ile. Salonica, • Jewish Town. The largest and best organized Jew- ish community, having numerous Jew- ish institutions, is that of Salonica, which stands at the head of Hellenic Judaism. Salonica has always had, and still retains to some extent, the character of a Jewish town. Unfortunately. however, this distinct character which has been for several years one of the peculiarities of Salonica, bids fair to disappear. One must look to the government for the cause of this change, butt one is not to conclude therefrom that it is a question here of any systematic anti-Semitic action. Anti-Semitism is non-existent in Greece. In fact the Jews enjoy in Greece all rights—civil, political and religious. But, prompted by a narrow and exaggerated na- tionalism, the Government tactily and the officials openly use every en- deavor to change the Jewish character of Salonica as speedily as possible. The terrible fire of August 18th, 1917, which devastated the most close- ly' populated Jewish quarters together with their schools and synagogues, of- fered an excellent opportunity in that direction. With all haste a decree was issued for the expropriation of the land in order to enable them to carry out their project so fatal to our com- munity. However, that vitality of our people which has always accomplished such wonders did not fail in this instance either. Thanks to the esprit de corps and energy which ever was a char- acteristic of the Salonican Jew, our community shows signs of recovering from the disaster. No Assimilation in Greece. Almost all Jews of Greece are at- tached to Judaism, either by religious or nationalist ties. Assimilants, after the notion of the westerners, do not exist here. We are in the habit of charging with assimilationist tenden- cies those, who, having been educated at non-Jewish schools, take no active interest in the problems agitating Judaism all the world over, and do not care for its preservation. Of con- vinced assimilants there are here but an inlinitetesimal minority, quite a ncgligable quantity. The international communists, of course, do not enter into account here. In Greece, as else- where in the east. there are no mixed marriages. Zionism in Greece. Zionism has found here a most fruitful soil for its propagation, thanks to the victories carried off during the last few years by the Nationalist movement. Zionism has enlisted in its cause all sections of Hellenic Jewry, with the exception of the ir- reconcilable Socialists. All those bour- geons who had fought shy of Zionism and who had even openly taken up a hostile attitude towards it, have now enrolled themselves smiler its banner almost en bloc. Out of a total population of 180,000 inhabitants, Salonica has 80,000 Jews. The Salonica Jew always distinguishes himself by his practical sense, his en- ergy. intelligence and his honesty in all commercial transactions. The Jews of Salonica occupy a foremost posi- tion in the trade of the city. The community is able to boast of a great number of philanthropic in- stitutions; it has a model hospital, a lunatic asylum, a dispensary, a biker !milli), two institutions for the dis- tribution of meals to needy students, two Mutual-Help Societies, Zionist centers. sporting clubs. etc. An Interior Designed and executed by Detroit Furniture Shops. Facilitated by factory association. Eirtruit iffurniturr *imps Warren and Riopelle Telephone Melrose 1320 Open Saturday Afternoon via Woodward By automobile, Avenue, east on Warren Avenue to Riopelle Street. By street car, via Woodward Ayenue and Crosstown cars, east to Riopelle Street, then walk two blocks north. 00000600000005 0000000000000E11 mtnamtma mnrm mrrummmmnmmtmr Ini PLEAD AT COLUMBIA PALESTINE FRONTIERS SALONIKI JEWS DISAPPOINT "TIMES" COMPLAIN OF CHICANERY Rabbi Whir and Miss May Tell Eu• ropean Students' Plight. LONDON—Commenting on the agreement arrived at between the Brit- NEW YORK—Appeals for relief ish and French governments regard- for Jewish students and teachers in ing the Palestine frontiers, the "Times" Central Europe were made at a mass expresses disappointment at the fact meeting of the Columbia University that the eastern half of Galilee and Jewish Relief Council in University other portions have been excluded Hall last week by Rabbi Stephen S. front its territory. The "Times" Wise and Miss Irma May, fiancee of states that the mandate which is now Dr. Bernard Cantor of Columbia, already at Geneva, speaks of the his- when he was killed last summer while toric claims Jews have on Palestine on relief work in the Ukraine. and recognizes the authority of the Dr. Wise said he wished Inc could Zionist Organization. appeal for all classes of student in Central Europe, but asserted that the position of the Jewish students was worst of all. bliss May said that the hatred for Jews in some parts of Cen- tral Europe was greater than ever. LONDON—According to a report No students were now admitted to the universities of Poland. Galicia and appearing in the "Daily Herald." Gen- erals Wrangel and Shkouro have re- Hungary, she said, and Jewish pro- fessors were being expelled from the nounced the titles with which Eng- land had honored them because of the universities of l'oland. A committee was appointed to ob- dishonor which Britain has brought upon herself by the negotiations with tain subscriptions for a proposed re- the Bolsheviki. lief fund of $10,000. RUSSIAN GENERALS SPURN BRITISH HONORS rfr SALONIKI—It became known in the recent elections, in which Veni- zelos' part suffered a severe defeat, Saloniki Jews were subjected to all sorts of chicanery. The police of the city, aiding with Venizelos, refused to let the Jews enter the polling places and many voters or would-be, voices were compelled to hide in their homes for fear of severe reprisals. At a public meeting held by the Jews of this city and largely attended particularly by business men anti other citizens of prominence, a reso- lution was adopted calling upon the new government to order a strict in- vestigation of V e illegal conduct of the Saloniki police, with the view of punishing the guilty. The charge has also been missile that special election district, wort arranged in the city for Jets voters so as to enable the electi n officials to find out how the Jew: ,, , voters have cast their ballots. The Largest and Finest Jewelry Store on the East Side A Moe Ehrlich Equation A $ Credit A $ Cash k. Platinum 1 Engagement Rings $250 to $2500 - \ 11//k -:-........ 41_ .//- 1 4,--. ° I, ;■ PALESTINE AWAKES AT TOUCH OF JEWS A Buy Back Bond With Every Diamond Sold (Continued From Page 1.) of a living people, Rabbi Baroway said. Speaker Answers Queries. Rabbi Baroway asked his audience that they interrupt him even in the middle of a sentence whenever they had any questions to ask, and a great many in the audience took advantage of the opportunity to ask a great many things about Palestine that were vague in their minds. Especially in- cresting were the questions asked and answered concerning the medical problems in Palestine. Rabbi Baro- way outlined the many diseases preva- lent in the Holy Land, and pointed out that they can be easily eradi- The ring of your choice for the girl of your choice-1f you are newly engaged or contemplate taking the step--a charge account will tide you over the "ring stage." Gorgeous solitalre—perfect cut—blue white diamonds set In the newest Innovations in exquisite Platinum mount- ings. I give these to you with my compliments cated. Before coming to Detroit. Rabbi Baroway addressed the University of Michigan chapter of the Intercolle- giate Zionist Association at Ann Ar- bor Sunday evening. While in Detroit, he was the guest of Rabbi and Mrs. .A. NI. If ershtnan. Rabbi Baroway is to visit a number of other colleges and universities to address chapters of the I. Z. A. Among the men booked to address future meetings of the local I. Z. A. are Rabbi Rudolph Lupo of Flint, Prof I. Leo Sharfman of the Univer- latter because it does not go so far sity of Michigan and a number of others of national importance. as the Kansas court. (Sugar) Your Credit's Good A genuine cut glass Creamer and Sugar made to re- tail at $2.50. give them away FREE to everyone whose purchase is I10.00 or more. Creamer) Have It Charged EHRLICH BUILDING, Adams and Hastings Not in the "High-Rent" District.