THE DETROIT
The Jews in Hungary
ACK from the heart of red
Hungary after five years of
thrilling adventure in that
whirlpool of political cross-
currents•five years of adventure of
B
war, Bolshevism, counterrevolution
and Roumanian occupation, Miss Mar-
guerita Gonda told me the old, old
story—that the Jew is again bearing
the burden for the miseries of a whole
people—that every Jew in Hungary is
suffering for the misdeeds of a few.
It is all too true and all too tragic
that the Jew is ever the scapegoat.
Throughout the ages the blame has
been cast upon him for all the mis-
eries of the nation in which he
chanced to reside. If the crops did
not grow—"Kill the Jews;" if the
babies died of any childish ailment—
the Jews were responsible; if the
troops of the enemy invaded the land
and defeated the country's forces—by
all means "Massacre the Jews for
that;" if the price of food soared—
search for the Jewish profiteers and
hang them; and if by any lurking
chance one single Jew was found to
he remotely associated with the crime
charged against his people—the whole
race paid the penalty. So it was in
Spain, so in Russia, so in every coun-
try where the Jew has rested his
head, and so it is in Hungary today.
quiring at each building whether
Jews lived there. They shot and
plundered everywhere they found a
Jew."
Miss Gonda is not a "Jewish type."
She was known as "the American"
and consequently was not suspected
during this time.
"I do not know how many people
were put to death," she said. "No fig-
ures were ever computed, because the
government made every effort to hush
the affair up. The papers printed no
account of it, and although the death
lists ran into the hundreds, no one
accurately knows the total. Suffice it
to say, however, that a government
order was issued shortly afterwards
and the pogroms ceased. Rioting con-
tinued for many days between Jewish
and non-Jewish students at the uni-
versities. Budapest is not the only
place where the reaction against Bol-
shevism fell upon the heads of the
Jews."
Miss Gonda also related that after
Bela Kun had withdrawn from Czecho-
slovakia, Czech soldiers turned loose
their wrath upon the Jews. In the
city of Kosice soldiers formed lines
through which every Jew entering the
city had to pass and the Jews were
beaten and tortured. Aged Jews had
their beards pulled out hair by hair.
PAGE THIRTEEN
EWISH CHRONICLE
Young Judaea after completing two
months of good work in Detroit
Young Juulaea's ranks. Miss Sylvia
Goldsmith is directing this club. The
officers are: President, Bessie Willis;
Vice-President, Bessie Nelken; secre-
tary, Mendetta Popkins: and treas-
urer, Sadie Bernstein.
Plans are now under way for the
organization of Hebrew classes for
members of the Judaean Dramatic
Club. All those wishing to join the
classes are asked to come to the
meetings of the club. Jewish girls of
15 and over may also become mem-
bers of the circle.
A most interestingLrogram was
prese it I at the last me ing of the
cir st Sunday, the atuie of
w ich was a paper by the \ader,
gc."
auk
iss Goldsmith, on
titer interesting nuili telr'- s; were pr-e-
If you've an instrument you would consider exchang-
ing on a STEINWAY, let tit give you estimate of
allowance.
R associated with the STEINWAY Piano than with any other
ICHNESS and beauty and charm of tone mean vastly more as
instrument.
GRAND AND . UPRIGI IT PIANOS
"BACK TO THE SYNAGOG
MOVEMENT" READY TO
START PASSOVER WEEK
Union of Orthodox Jewish Con-
gregations to Launch
Spiritual Drive.
NEW YORK—An appeal to every
Jewish man and woman, young and
old, to "Join a Synagogue" will be
"And now," Miss Gonda added, "all made through newspapers, motion
the Jews of Hungary are suffering. pictures, posters and the pulpit, dur-
They have been denied political rights, ing the week of April 3-10. The an-
Miss Gonda, an American of Hun- they are oppressed in every conceiv- nouncement of a campaign from coast
garian Jewish parentage, went to able manner. Although when I left to coast for increased membership
Hungary in 1913 as a representative there had not been any violent out- and revival of interest in the Syna-
of an American hank. Unable to ob- breaks for some time, anti-Semitism gogue was made on Sunday by the
tain a passport—this American girl still runs high. The Zionists are do- Executive Committee of the Union
lived through the whole war with her ing all they can to aid the people, but of Orthodox Jewish Congregations of
and suffered they are not numerically and finan- America. The drive will be known as
ClICI11;CS
country's
through the whole series of swiftly cially very strong and they can do "Back to the Synagogue Movement."
moving events that began with the but little. The famous Chief Rabbi Its headquarters will be at 110 Fifth
advent of Bela Kun and the soviets of Budapest and the celebrated Cantor Avenue, New York, and Charles II.
and culminated in the Roumanian in- Kwartin, with whom I was personally Shapiro of Bridgeport, Conn., Presi-
vasion. She was an eye-witness to acquainted, went to the Roumanian dent of the Union of Orthodox Jew-
the Budapest pogrom of August, 1919. commandant and asked that the Jews ish Congregations of America, will be
of whirls the outside world knows be permitted to leave the country to national chairman.
National advertising in daily news-
little and of which even those who go , to Palestine. The Rabbi was in-
saw rivers of blood flow through the formed that the Jews could go if they papers and other periodicals, public
streets were unable to estimate the would leave all their goods behind. meetings under the auspices of local
toll. The pogroms in Poland and rk- This was tantamount to a denial of Synagogues, are among the unique
rainia have been the subject of touch permission, for if the Jews were to features of this drive, which is the
newspaper comment, but outside of a leave their goods behind they would first campaign of its kind ever under-
brief cable dispatch from Hungary have no funds with which to go to taken in any country. Every publicity
medium will be used to keep con-
very little no far has leaked out con- Palestine.
cerning the Budapest pogrom.
"As things stand now the condition stantly before Jewish men and wom-
"When Bela Nun, whose real name of the Jews of Hungary is pitiful. en, the appeal to "Join a Synagogue."
The week of the Passover holidays
was Kohn, faille back from Russia Those wlio were once wealthy lost
where he had been a pupil of Leon their possessions in the days of Bol- has been selected because of its deep
Trotzky and had studied with the shevism and are now poor; those who significance in the history of the
workings of the soviet government participated in the Bolshevist govern- Jewish religion.
"I want to emphasize," Mr. Shapiro
there, Bolshevism first lifted its head ment are now refused assistance and
in Hungary," Miss Gonda said. "It employment and they are starving. says, in discussing the drive, "that
this
is not a campaign for funds. Its
was some time in February, 1918; I And while the anti-Jewish prejudice
don't remember the exact date, when still holds its course, one cannot ex- purpose is wholly spiritual—to renew
the first clash occurred between the pect that the non-Jewish population the faith of Jewish youth and restore
Bolshevists and the Karolyi govern- vs ill aid the Jews in any way. So you the Synagogue to its ancient place as
ment. I was returning to my lodgings see—all the Jews of Hungary are suf- the heart of the Jewish community.
The Jew has contributed generously
with a party of friends when rioting fering for the sins of a very few."
to America's national life—in the
began in the central streets. We took
realms of politics, commerce, educa-
refuge in a hotel, remaining there YOUNG JUDAEANS SEND
tion, patriotic service, music and lit-
until early morning when the fighting
HUNDREDS
OF
TOYS
TO
erature—but
Isis greatest contribution
had ceased. Six policemen were shot
during that street battle and Bela
PALESTINIAN CHILDREN should be the spiritual contribution.
A good Jew is a better American.
Kun arrested. When he emerged from
Adherence to the faith of his fathers
jail it was noticed that his features
Detroit Young Judaeans made a
were perceptibly changed, as though fine showing on the occasion of Purim can only strengthen and restore these
several hones were nroke.n in his face by contributing several hundred toys spiritual qualities which make for the
and not properly reset. I later learned to be sent to the children in Pales- highest type of citizenship.
"We desire to win back to firm, re-
from a friend of Mrs. Bela Kum that tine. Only a very few responded
when her husband was in prison he outside the ranks of Young Judaea, ligious conviction — the wavering,
had been severely beaten by the com- and two others made cash contribu- troubled youth of today—to bring
panions of the slain policemen. My tions. The Buds of Judaea, one of about a spiritual rebirth among our
personal acquaintance with the family the local circles, contributed $5 in people. We are going to present our
of Bela Kun does not allow me to cash to be sent to the Educational viewpoint to American Jewish boys
doubt that he was sincere and well in- Department of the Zionist Organ- and girls at universities, to business
tentioned. Indeed, we had no quarrel ization for the purchase of toys. Two men and women—so absorbed in
with the ideals of the Bolshevists, but big cases full of toys were shipped mundane interests that they have
neglected the spiritual, the fathers
the actual working out resulted in un- last Tuesday from Detroit.
and mothers who have placed the
told misery to all Hungary and partic-
The local organization is slightly
ularly to the Jews. I may as well ad- handicapped by the lack of funds, due bodily needs of their children far
mit that Bela Run's supporters in- to unsettled conditions in Detroit above the spiritual. 'We are frank to
cluded many Jews, or rather many Zionist ranks. The funds until now admit that modern Jewry has tempo-
who were of Jewish parentage. To came from the Zionist district, and it rarily loosened its hold upon its own
people—but we hope to make the in-
call them Jews is to libel the race.
may be necessary, in the future, to
fluence of our faith stronger among
"I remember," Miss Gonda told me, make a campaign for funds for Young our people than ever before—and we
"that placards appeared along all the Judaea in order that the work may hope that this influence will produce
principal streets of Budapest. There not be hampered.
a new type of American Jew—a bet-
Campaigns for libraries in Young
was an edict prohibiting such placards
ter Jew and a better American."
and consequently no one knew or Judaea circles will be renewed
rather all pretended not to know shortly. The Buds of Judaea library
whence they came. Of course, the will be started within a few weeks,
pictures and the wording varied, but Bessie Yucht and Adtline Cohen
I remember quite distinctly one pos- having been elected as librarians.
ter. It depicted the Bolshevist in the There is now a library fund in this
garb of the Polish-Jew, with gabard- circle of $38, five dollars from the
ine and long side curls, a gigantic red fund having been contributed toward
figure, who held a dripping weapon in the purchase of toys for Palestine's
NEW YORK—Henry Morgenthau,
one hand, whose body was drenched children.
former ambassador to Turkey and
with blood, standing astride over the
The circles in the northern district chairman of the American commis-
bodies of his victims, and underneath could not meet last Sunday on ac- sion to Poland, in an address to the
the caption read: 'This is how the count of the "Shim Ilatoroh" cele- junior congregation of the New York
Jews will treat their victims. Rise all bration held at the synagogue. The Free Synagog. declared that the solu-
you Christian brothers—defend your- work in those circles is improving tion of the Polish question for the
selves.' Every few days the placards gradually and promise greater prog- Jew was the selection of a ccommt-
changed, but the purport of all of ress as time goes on. The success
of the work there is due entirely to tee
of study
American
Jews to go and
to Po-
them was similar.
land.
the conditions,
ex-
socialists the leaders of the various circles plain to their brethren there that
"Anti-Semies—Christian
they call themselves—held inflamma- there. Mr. Ileytnan, who is leading that they must produce and cannot
tory public meetings until they were the Knights of Judaea and is substi- continue to live like parasites.
In answer to a question after his
forbidden by the police and then the tuting as leader in the Stars of Ju-
meetings were held in secret. Under daea; Miss Florence Slomovitz, lead- address. Mr. Morgenthau said that
er
of
the
Roses
of
Zion;
Miss
Julia
some
of the Poles resent dealing with
Bolshevism the synagogues had re-
mained open. However, the Christian Wine, leader of the Daughters of the the Jews or having anything to do
socialists and their sympathizers raid- White and Blue, and bliss Ethel with them, and that a few of them
ed synagogue after synagogue and Shetzer, leader of the Lillies of Zion. admitted that they do not intend to
Plans are under way now for an discontinue their present antagonism.
beat out the worshippers. Then the
extensive Pesach celebration. Due to He said that it was the fault of the
synagogues were closed.
the lack of funds for the continua- Jews in some cases that the Poles
"It was during the first few days of tion of public celebrations, the mass disliked them, because the Jews say
the Roumanian occupatino, about the entertainment originally planned may
that they do not want to be consid-
third of August, that the big pogrom be abandoned. But the individual ered l'oles, but are Nationalists.
took place. I was going home from clubs will conduct the work on as
"\\'e are not going to settle this
my office when I saw a mob advanc- large a basis as possible.
Polish problem by senling a few
ing with clubs and guns. The rioters
Of the Purim celebrations held, thousand Jews to America or to
were for the most part very young that by the Roses of Zion, composed
Palestine," Mr. Morgenthau said
boys and men of the lower strata of of the youngest Young Judaeans in
"There arc 8,000,000 Jews in Poland
the population—of the type that we in the city, was of the most successful
and other countries of Central Eu-
America would call 'gangsters.' They and most picturesque: Prizes were rope, and it is impossible to alleviate
were led by former police guards— awarded to the following for the best
their sufferings by sending them
those same police who had once masques: Rachel Garfinkel. Ida away. Unless the rich Jews in Amer-
sworn revenge against Bela Kun. 1 W'einer, Molly Cohen and Fannie ica and the thinking Jews get to-
saw them stop street cars and go Slomovitz.
gether and really make a thorough
through the cars dragging out men
The Forget-Me-Rots of Zion Sat- study of this problem and change
and boys. Everyone whose appear-
urday night elected the following the condition of that entire mass you
ance was Jewish was dragged from
officers for a new term of three will never settle the Jewish problem."
the car and was beaten with the butts
months: President, Anna Belinsky,
of revolvers and with clubs. Several
re-ejected; vice-president, Sadie Good-
tried to run away and they were shot
man; secretary. Mary Friedenberg;
as they ran. The rioters asked no
and treasurer, Augusta Busker.
questions. If a man looked Jewish he
Young Judaean Dramatic Club.
was beaten. It is an interesting fac
The Young Judaean Dramatic club,
that of the victims who were taken to
Prague—The National Council of
one of the local intermediate Young
the hospitals, 90 per cent were no
Judaea circles, will hold an open Jews in Slovakia has secured an offi-
Jews. The rioters stopped car after
meeting Sunday evening, March 21. cial statement from 'the government,
car and went through the same pro
at the Shaarey Zedek synagogue. A to the effect that all Jewish students
gram. The Roumanian police guards
long and interesting program has in the schools shall not be required
stood all around the square and to
to write on Jewish holidays or on the
been arranged for the occasion.
on. They said they could not in
The Young Judaean Dramatic was Sabbath. Such an official proclama-
terfere in the internal affairs of Hun
last Sunday approved of for affilia• Lion has already been sent out to the
gary. The rioters then ran through
lion with the national organization of directors of the schools.
the streets from house to house, in
MORGENTHAU WANTS
PROBLEMS OF JEWS
OVERSEAS STUDIED
Jewish Students To Have
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