THE DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE
MORGENTHU URGES
LEAGUE OF NATIONS
TO EFFECT HARMONY
(Continued Prom Page 1.)
11
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1918
ntile
whatsoever, since less than an hour trots were sent out through the
elapsed between the arrest and exe• streets and order was established.
cation. It is further found that no The private houses of many of the
conscientious effort was made at the Jews were also brok it into by sold-
time either to investigate the charges iers and the n inhabitan ts were beaten
against the prisoners or even suffi- and robbed. The l'olis h Government
m ently to identify' them.
Though has stated that four I olish soldiers
there have been official
investiga- were killed while attemi ding to pre-
tions of this case none of the offend- vent robberies. It has
also been
ems answerable for this summary ex- stated to the missi-n that s once of the
ecution has been punished or even rioters have been executed.
tried nor has the Diet Commission Unclassified Murder _
published its findings.
7. There have also been 1 ere and
4. Lida, April 17, 1919. there individual eases of mur er not
On April 17, 1919, the Polish mil- enumerated in the preceding para-
nary forces captured Lida from the graphs, but their detailed descr iption
Russian 1101sheviki. After the city has not been considered necessar in-
fell into the hands of the Poles the as much as they present no chara-c ter-
soldiers proceeded to enter and rob istics not already observed in
he
the houses of the Jews. During this principal excesses. In considerii
period of pillage 39 Jews were killed. these execesses as a whole, it shout
A large number of Jews, including be borne in mind that of the eight
the local rabbi, were ,arbitrarily at- cities and towns at which striking dis.
rested on the sae
m day by the Pol. orders have occurreit only Kielcesand .
tsh and kept for twenty-four hours Czestochowa are within the bound-
without food amid revolting condi- aries of Congress Poland. In Kielce
tions of filth at No. 00 /Yainienska and Kolbussowa the excesses were
Street.
Jews were also impressed committed by city civilians and by
for forced labor without respect to peasants, respectively.
At Czese-
age or infirmity. It does not appear chows both civilians and soldiers took
that any one has been punished for part in the disorders. At Nlinsk the
these excesses, or that steps have excesses were essentially the fault of
been taken to reimburse the victims one officer. In Lemberg, Lida, Wil-
of the robberies. na. and Minsk, the excesses were
com mitted by the soldiers, who Wert
5. Wilma, April 19-21, 1919.
On April 19, Polish detachments capturing the cities and not by the
entered the City of \Vilna. The city civilian population. 1n the three last
was definitely taken by the Poles cities the anti-Semitic prejudice of
after three days of street fighting, the soldiers had been inflamed by the
charge that the Jews were Itolsheriki,
during which time they lost thirty-
three men killed. During the same while at Lemberg it i was associated
period some sixty-five Jews lust their with the idea that the Jews were
making com mon cause with the
lives. From the evidence submitted,
Ukrainians.
!h
excesses were,
it appears that none of these pen-
herefore, political as well as anti-
plc, among whom were four women therefore,
in character.
and eight men over 50 years of age, S
1 he responsibility for these ex-
had served with the Bolsheviki.
Eight Jews were marched three kil- cesses is borne fur the most part by
PAGE FIVE
firemen, policemen and the like, has while thousands are dying of disease
The cessation of
been materially reduced since the and starvation.
present government has taken control. commerce is particularly felt by the
Jewish
population,
who are almost
Documents have been furnished the
mission showing that government e tirely dependent upon it. Owing
owned railways have discharged Jew- to the conditions described, prices,
ish employes and given them certify have doubled and tripled and the
cafes that they have been released population has become irritated
for no other reason than that they against the Jewish traders whom It
belong to the Jewish race. blames for the abnormal increase
II. Furthermore, the establishment thus occasioned.
of co-operative stores is claimed by
Political Discrimination.
many. Jewish traders to be a form of
15. The great majority of Imes in
discrimination. It would seem, how-
ever, that this movement is a legit(- Poland belong to separate Jewish po-
mate effort to restrict the activities
and therefore the profits of the mid-
dleman. Unfortunately, w hen these
stores were introduced into Poland
they were advertised as a mean of .
eliminating the Jewish trader. The
Jews have, therefore, been caused to
feel that the establishment of co-oper-
atives is an attack upon themselves.
Vhile the establishment and the
11 maintenance of co-operatives may
ha ve been influenced by anti-Semitic
sei timent, this is a form of economic
acts city which any community is per-
On the
halt entitled to pursue.
other hand, the Jews complain that
even t ie Jewish co-operatives and in-
hvidua 1 Jews are discriminated
against is. the government in the dis-
of government-controlled
tribittion
supplies.
12. The goverment has denied that
discriminat 'on against Jews has been
practiced a. a government policy,
though it ha not denied that there
may he indiv ideal cases where anti-
Semitisin has played a part. Assiu-
antes have beet t made to the mission
by official atoll( rities that in so far
as it lies within the power of the
government this discrimination will
be corrected.
beat the Jews as they left the build-
ing. After the Jews reached the
street they were again beaten by
the mob outside. As the result of
this attack four Jews were killed and
a large number wounded. A number
of civilians have been indicted for
participation in this excess but have
not as yet been brought to trial.
2. Lemberg, Nov. 21-23, 1918.
(In Oct. 30, 1918, when the Aus-
trian Empire collapsed, the Ukrain-
ian troops, formerly in the Austrian
service, assumed control of the town.
A few hundred Polish boys, com-
bined with nuinvous vidunteers of
dooh)ful character, recaptured about
tali the city and held it until the
arrival of l'olish re-enforcements on
Nov. 21.—The Jewish population de-
clared themselves neutral, but the
facts that the Jewish quarter lay
within the section occupied by the
Ukrainians and that the Jews had
organized their own militia, and fur-
ther, the remise that some of the
Jewish population had fired upon the
soldiery, stimulated among the Pol- •
ish volunteers an anti-Semitic bias
that readily communicated itself to
the relieving troops. The situation
•116 further .complicated by the pres-
ence of sonic 15,000 uniformed de-
serters and numerous criminals re-
leased by the Ukrainians from local
jails, who were ready to join in any
disorder, particularly if, as in the case
of wholesale pillage, they might
profit thereby.
Upon the final departure of the
Jews Regarde as Aliens.
Ukrainians, these disreputable ele-
13. In considering the causes for
ments plundered to the extent of ometers to the outskirts of the City the undisciplined and ill-equipped
I
°lish!
recruits,
who,
uncontrolled
by
the anti-Semitic feehi ig, which has
many millions of crowns the dwell- of \Vilna, and deliberately shot with-
ings and stores in the Jewish quar- out the semblance of a trial or in- their inexperienced and oftimes timid brought about the mat ifestations de-
ter, and did not hesitate to murder vestigation. Others were shot by officers, sought to . profit at the ex- scribed above, it must b remembered
when they met with resistance. Dur- soldiers who were robbing Jewish pen se of that portion of the popula- that ever since the part 'tion of 1795
ing the ensuing disorders, which pre- houses. No list has been furnished non which they regarded as alien and the l'oles have striven to be reunited
vailed on Nov. 21, 22, and 23, sixty- the mission of any Polish civilians hostile to Polish nationality and as- as a nation and to regain their free-
It is recognized that the dom. This continual effor t to keep
four Jews were killed and a large killed during the occupation. It is, pirations.
amount of property destroyed. 'Thir- however, stated on behalf of the Gov- enforcement of discipline in a new alive their national aspira ions has
ty-eight houses were set on tire, and ernment, that the civilian inhabitants and untrained army is a matter of ex- caused them to look with hat red upon
owing to the paralysis of the Fire of \Vilna took part on both sides of treine difficulty. On the other hand, anything which might interfe re with
Department, were completely gutted. the fighting, and that sonic civilians the prompt cessation of disorder in their aims. This has led to a coll-
The synagogue was also burned and fired upon the soldiers. Over two Lemberg after the adoption of appro. Rich with the nationalist declar ations
a large =fiber of the sacred scrolls thousand Jewish houses and stores pilaw measures of control shows that of some of the Jewish organiza tions
of the law were destroyed. The re- in the city were entered by Polish an unflinching determination to re- which desire to establish cultura au-
pression of the disorders was rend- soldiers and civilians during these store order and a firm application of tonomy financially supported by the
ered more difficult by the prevailing three
days, and the inhabitants represive measures can prevent, or at States. In addition the position tak en
lack of discipline among the junior robbed and beaten. It is claimed by least limit, such excesses. It is, there- by the Jews in favor of Article 92 of
officers to apply stern punitive meas- the Jewish communit
y that the con- fore, believed that a more aggressive the Treaty of Versailles, guaranteein
ures. When officers' patrols under sequent losses amounted to over 10,- unitive policy and a more general protection to racial, linguistic and re
experienced leaders were finally or- 000,000 roubles. Many of the poorest pub. licity of reports of judicial and ligious minorities in Poland, has cre-
tary prosecutions Would have ated a further resentment against
ganized on Nov. 23, robbery and vio- families were robbed of their shoes military
subsequent excesses by them.
Moreover, Polish national
lence ceased.
m
and blankets. Hundreds of Jews 1" "1"acd
On December 24, 1918, the Polish were arrested and deported from the discouraging the belief among the feeling is irritated by what is regard-
soldiers'
that
robbery
and
violence
ed as the "alien" character of the
Government, through the Ministry of city. Sonic of them were herded in-
great mass of the Jewish population.
Justice, began a strict investigation to box cars and kept without food could be committed with impunity.
This is constantly brought home to
Excesses Not Premeditated.
of the events of Nov. 21 to 23. A or water for four days. Old men
special commission, headed by a and women were carried away with- ft Just as the Jews would resent the Poles by the fact that the major-
Justice of the Supreme Court, met i n out trial or investigation. Two of being condemned as a race for the ity of the Jews affect a distinctive
Lemberg for about two months, and these prisoners have since died from action of a few of their undesirable dress, observe the Sabbath on Satur-
rendered an extensive formal report the treatment they received. Includ- co-religionists, so it would be cor- day, conduct business on Sunday,
which has been furnished the Mis- ed in this list were sonic of the most respondingly unfair to condemn the have separate dietary laws, wear long
sion. In spite of the crowded dock- prominent Jews of Vilna, such as the Polish nation as a whole for the cif). beards, and speak a language of their
ets of the local courts, where over prominent Jewish writers Jaffe and lence committed by uncontrolled own. The basis of this language is a
7.000 cases are now pending, 164 per- Niger. For days the families of troops or local mobs. These excesses German dialect, and the fact that
sons, ten of them Jews, have been these prisoners were without news were apparently not premeditated, for Germany was, and still is, looked upon
tried for complicity in the November from them and feared that they had if they had been part of a precon- by the Poles as an enemy country
disorders, and numerous similar been killed. The soldiers also broke ceived plan, the number of killed renders this vernacular especially un-
cases await disposal. Forty-four per- into the synagogue and mutilated the would have run into the thousands in- popular. The concentration of the
sans are tinder sentence ranging from sacrea scrolls of the law. Up to Au- stead of amounting to about 280. It Jews in certain districts or quarters
ten days to eighteen months. Aside gust 3, 1919, when the 10 ission was is believed that these excesses were in Polish cities also emphasizes the
from the civil courts the local court- i n witim, none of the soldiers or the result of a widespread anti-Sem- line of demarcation separating them
martial has sentenced military per- civilians responsible for these excess- itic prejudice aggravated by the belief from other citizens.
14. The strained relations between
sons to confinement for as longas cs had been punished.
that the Jewish inhabitants were
three years for lawlessness during
politically hostile to the Polish State. the Jews and the non-Jews have been
6. Kolbussowa, May 7, 1919.
further
increased, not only by the
the period in question. This Mission
h
For a few days before May 7, 1919, When t e boundaries of Poland are great War, during which Poland was
is advised that on the basis of official
the Jews of Kolbussowa feared that once fixed and the internal organiza- the battleground for the Russian, Ger-
investigations the Government has
tion of the country is perfected the
excesses might take place, as there
begun the payment of claims for
Polish Government will be increasing- man, and Austrian armies, but also
had been riots in the neighboring
by the present conflicts with the Bob
damages resulting front these events.
towns of Rsoszov,'• and Glasgow. ly able to protect all classes of Polish sheviki and Ukrainians. The economic
citizenry. Since the Polish Republic
3. Pinsk, April 5, 1919.
These riots had been the result of
has subscribed to the treaty which condition of Poland is at its lowest
Late in the afternoon of April 5, political agitation in this district, and provides for the protection of racial, ebb. Manufacturing and commerce
1919, a month or more after the Pol- of excitement caused by a case of I religions and linguistic minorities, it have virtually ceased. The shortage,
ish occupation of Pinsk, sonic 75 alleged ritual murder in which the is confidently anticipated that the the high price, and the imperfect dis-
Jews of both sexes with the official Jewish defendants had been acquit- Government will whole-hearteilly ac- tribution of food are a dangerous
a company of sol-
permission of the town commander, ted. On May
cept the responsibility, not only of menace to the health and welfare of
gathered in the assembly hall at the diets was ordered to Kolbussowa to
the urban population. As a result
prevent
the
threatened
trouble.
Early
guarding all classes of its citizens
People's House, in Kupleeka Street,
from aggression, but also of educa- hundreds of thousands are suffering
to discuss the distribution of relief in the morning of alas- 7 a great ling the masses beyond the state of from hunger and are but half-clad,
sent by the American Joint Distribu- number of peasants, among whom mind that makes such aggression int-
tion Committee. As the meeting was were many former soldiers of the
about to adjourn it Was interrupted Austrian Army, entered the town. possible.
9. Besides these excesses there
soldiers
by a band of soldiers, who arrested The rioters disarmed the
killed, have been reported to the mission
and searched the whole assembly, and three peasants had been J ew
i s h numerous cases of other forms of
and after robbing the prisoners They proceeded to rob the
Thus, in almost every
• J
who fell P
marched them at a rapid pace to stores and to beat anews
one of the cities and towns of Poland,
hands. Eight Jews were
gendarmerie headquarters. Thence into their ha
Jews
have
been
stopped by the sold-
Order
the prisoners were conducted to the killed during this excess.
iers and have had their beards either
market place and lined up against was restored when a newdetach- torn out or cut off. As the Orthodox
the wall of the cathedral. With no meld of soldiers arrived late in the Jews feel that the shaving of their
lights except the lamps of a military afternoon. One of the rioters has beards is contrary to then religious
automobile, the six women in the since been tried and executed by the belief, this form of persecution has a
rowel and about twenty-five men Polish Government.
particular significance to them. As a
were separated front the mass, and
7. Czestochowa, May 27, 1919. result many of them are afraid to
the remainder, thirty-tive in number,
On May 27, 1919, at Czestochowa, travel. The result of all these minor
were shot with scant deliberation a shot tired by an unknown person persecutions is to keep the Jewish
and no trial whatever. Early the slightly wounded a Polish soldier. population in a state of ferment and
next morning three wounded victims A rumor spread that the shot had to subject them to the fear that
were shot in cold blood as soon as been tired by the Jews and riots graver excesses nay again occur.
life revealed itself in them.
broke out in the city in which Polish Economic Boycott of Jews Felt.
The wonien and other reprieved soldiers and civilians took part. Dur-
10..Whereas it has been easy to de-
prisoners were confined in the city ing these riots five Jews, including
jail until the following Thursday. a doctor who was hurrying to aid terrine the excesses which took place
and
to fix the approximate number of
The women were stripped and beat- one of the injured, were beaten to
en by the prison guards so severely death and a large number were deaths, it was more difficult to estab-
that several of them were bedridden wounded. French officers who were fish the extent of anti-Jewish discrim-
for weeks after, and the men were stationed at Czestochowa, took an ination. This discrimination finds its
most conspicuous manifestation in the
subjected to similar maltreatment.
further
preventing
active part in
form of an economic boycott. The
It has been asserted officially by
urders.
National Democratic Party has con-
the Polish authorities that there was
8. Minsk, Aug. 8, 1919.
tinously agitated the economic strang-
reason to suspect this assemblage of
On
Aug.
8,
1919,
the
l'olish
troops
ling
of the Jews. Through the press
Bolshevist allegiance. We are con-
vinced that no arguments of a Bol- took the City of Minsk from the Bob and political annotinc,:ments, as well
shevist nature were mentioned in the sheviki. 1 he Polish troops entered as by public speeches, the non-Jew-
meeting in question. While it is the city at about 10 o'clock, in the ish elements of the Polish people is
recognized that certain information morning, and by 12 o'clock they had urged to abstain from dealing with
of Bolshevist activities in Pinsk had absolute control. Notwithstanding the Jews. Land owners are warned
been reported by two Jewish sot- the presence in Minsk of General not to sell their property to the Jews,
Biers, we are convinced that Major Jadwin and other members of this and in some cases where such sales
Luszynski, the Crown Commander, mission, and the orders of the Polish have been made the names of offend-
showed reprehensible and frivolous Commanding General, forbidding vio- ers have been posted within black
readiness to place credence in such hence against civilians, thirty-one bordered notices, stating that such
untested assertions, and on this in- Jews were killed by the soldiers. Only venders were "dead to Poland." Even
sufficient basis took inexcusably dras- one of the number can in any way be at the present time, this campaign is
tic action against reputable cit- connected with the Bolshevist move- being waged by most of the non-Jew-
izens whose loyal character could ment. Eighteen of the deaths appear ish press, which constantly advocates
have been immediately established to have been deliberate murder. Two that the economic boycott he used as
by a consultation with any well of these murders were incident to rob- a means of ridding Poland of its Jew-
kno•n non-Jewish habitant. beries, but the rest were committed ish element. This agitation has cre-
The statements made officially by to all appearances, solely on the ated in the minds of sonic of the Jews
General l.istowski, the Polish Group ground that the victims were Jews. the feeling that there is an invisible
Commander, that the Jewish popu• During the afternoon and in the even- rope around their necks, and they
lation on April 5 attacked the Polish ing of August 8, the l'olish soldiers, claim that this is the worst persecu-
troops, are regarded as devoid of aided by civilians, plundered 377 tion that they can be forced to endure.
foundation. W'e are further of the shops, all of which belonged to the Non-Jewish laborers have in many
opinion that the consultation prior to Jews. It must be noted, however, cases refused to work side by side
executing the thirty-five Jews alleged that about 90 per cent of the stores with Jews.
Discharged From Public Office.
by Major Luszynski to have had the in Minsk are owned by Jews. No
I
The percentage of Jews in public 4t..'
character of a court-martial, was by effective attempt was made to pre-
the very nature of the case a most vent these robberies until the next
pa-
o
I
llci et 'inenZ e:tilaclI l y atshollis!: Vdi:14:7,
casual affair with no judicial nattre morning, when adequate officers
I lave Your
laical parties. The largest of these
are the Orthodox and Zionist and the
National. Since the Jews form sep-
arate political groups, it is probable
that some of the Polish discrimination
against them is political rather than
anti-Semetic in character. The dom-
inant Polish parties give to their sup-
porters government positions and
government patronage. It is to be
hoped, however, that the Polish ma-
jority will not follow this system in
the case of positions which are not
(Continued On Page 10.)
"Meet Friedberg—
Wear Diamonds"
Eyes Examined
by my
Expert
Opticians
If you don't need glasses
we will gladly tell
you so.
208.210
Griswold Street
tt "14iN
‘
Orchestra Hall—Sun. Eve., Jan. 25th at 8:15
Only appearance in Michigan
Of the Sensational Tenor
C ANTOR JOSEF ROSENBLATT
Mus is of the Synagogue—Folk Songs--Operatic Airs
Seat at Grinnell Bros. and Box Office. 50c to $2.00
MICHIGAN PHILHARMONIC BUREAU
JAS. P. DEVOE, Mgr.
617 Book Bldg.
Pts,ne 5418 Cherry
Ros en's Bakery
Hot Rolls - Poppyseed Horns
Begel - Rye Bread - Pumpernickel
This is the same Rosen who formerly owned the Warsaw
Bakery. This Is 1 ly new establishment. Bread baked here
Bakery.
three times a day-8:30 A. M.--2 P. M.-5 P. M.
— SHIPME TS MADE UP THE STATE —
408 H ASTINGS STREET
(Oppo lie ItobInson-Cohen's)
1
rif ir-TITHilf' MY '
L"4474,ATIIT IT -F131= -1ERPTT
. . . . ,
Important Notice - . . .
To All Users of Stroh's Alaska Ice
Cream, and Others, to Whom
It May Concern:
Our attention has been called to the fact that certain unscrup-
ulous persons are circulating stories to the effect that we are only
temporarily in the ice cream business, and that this department will
doubtless be discontinued shortly.
r--!
W.
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T
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E
r; - . 4!
g.
.*
,...
w. ,
ik
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S
W.11
Of course, such statements are maliciously false, and should de-
ceive no one. The success of Stroh's ALASKAA
Cream, owing
to its superior quality, has been so phenomenal that -'N've bave--bte-n'
1 '
compelled to greatly enlarge our plant. These additions will be corn-
pleted, and our Ice Cream Department will have an annual caps-
city of upwards of one million gallons.
il.
Inspection of the plant by all interested persons is especially invited
during business hours.
24
1 !
The Stroh Products Co.
ki
LP
i t
1
ff'
M.
;
t.
iE
Telephone Cherry 7040
10
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